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ASTM D8514/D8514M-23

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Flexible, Retroreflective Sheeting for Use in High Visibility Vehicle Markings

Standard Specification for Flexible, Retroreflective Sheeting for Use in High Visibility Vehicle Markings

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible, retroreflective sheeting for use in high visibility markings to provide enhanced daytime and/or nighttime visibility for use on emergency response vehicles, utility vehicles, and similar vehicles.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2023
ICS
93.080.30 - Road equipment and installations
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.38 - Highway Traffic Control Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E811-09(2020)e1 - Standard Practice for Measuring Colorimetric Characteristics of Retroreflectors Under Nighttime Conditions
Effective Date
15-Jun-2020

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ASTM D8514/D8514M-23 - Standard Specification for Flexible, Retroreflective Sheeting for Use in High Visibility Vehicle MarkingsASTM D8514/D8514M-23 - Standard Specification for Flexible, Retroreflective Sheeting for Use in High Visibility Vehicle Markings
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ASTM D8514/D8514M-23 - Standard Specification for Flexible, Retroreflective Sheeting for Use in High Visibility Vehicle Markings
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8514/D8514M − 23
Standard Specification for
Flexible, Retroreflective Sheeting for Use in High Visibility
1
Vehicle Markings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8514/D8514M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E284 Terminology of Appearance
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using
1.1 This specification covers flexible, retroreflective sheet-
the CIE System
ing for use in high visibility markings to provide enhanced
E808 Practice for Describing Retroreflection
daytime and/or nighttime visibility for use on emergency
E810 Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of
response vehicles, utility vehicles, and similar vehicles.
Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
E811 Practice for Measuring Colorimetric Characteristics of
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
Retroreflectors Under Nighttime Conditions
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
E991 Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Speci-
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
mens Using the One-Monochromator Method
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
E1247 Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-Color
formance with the standard.
Specimens by Spectrophotometry
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Geometry
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
E2301 Test Method for Daytime Colorimetric Properties of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Fluorescent Retroreflective Sheeting and Marking Mate-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
rials for High Visibility Traffic Control and Personal
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Safety Applications Using 45°:Normal Geometry
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
E3165 Test Method for Nighttime Retroreflected Chromatic-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ity of Retroreflective Sheeting
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
G7/G7M Practice for Natural Weathering of Materials
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
G147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal-
2. Referenced Documents
lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
2
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accel-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
B209/B209M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum- G155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Lamp Apparatus for
Alloy Sheet and Plate
Exposure of Materials
B449 Specification for Chromates on Aluminum
2.2 Other Standards and References:
D2794 Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to
Publication No. 14/04 High Conspicuity Livery for Police
the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)
Vehicles, by Paul Harrison, Published by Police Scientific
D4956 Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic
Development Branch, UK Home Office, 2004
Control
NFPA 1901 Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, 2016
49 CFR 571.108, Standard No. 108 Lamps, Reflective
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
Devices, and Associated Equipment
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.38 on
Report FA-336 / December 2013 Emergency Vehicle Safety
Highway Traffic Control Materials.
Initiative, U.S. Fire Administration, Federal Emergency
Current edition approved June 1, 2023. Published June 2023. DOI: 10.1520/
D8514_D8514M-23.
Management Administration, 2013
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Report FA-323 / August 2009 Emergency Vehicle Visibility
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and Conspiciuity Study, Federal Emergency Management
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Administration, 2009
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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5.1 This practice provides a standard procedure for the preparation of thermoplastic pavement marking material test specimens prior to testing for various properties as called for in the governing specification. Specimens that are prepared using this standard methodology yield test results that are consistent with the material from which it was sampled. Test results from specimens can be used to determine compliance of the thermoplastic pavement marking material to the specification. This practice can also be used by manufacturers of these materials to prepare specimens for testing to determine the uniformity of thermoplastic pavement marking materials from batch to batch.  
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5.1 Measurements made by this test method are related to the night time brightness of retroreflective traffic signs approximately facing the driver of a mid-sized automobile equipped with tungsten filament headlights at about 200 m distance.  
5.2 Retroreflective material used on traffic signs degrades with time and requires periodic measurement to ensure that the performance of the retroflection provides adequate safety to the driver.  
5.3 The quality of the sign as to material used, age, and wear pattern will have an effect on the coefficient of retroreflection. These conditions need to be observed and noted by the user.  
5.4 This test method is not intended for use for the measurement of signs when the instrument entrance and observation angles differ from those specified herein.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the retroreflective properties of sign materials such as traffic signs and symbols (vertical surfaces) using a portable retroreflectometer that can be used in the field. The portable retroreflectometer is a hand-held instrument with a defined standard geometry that can be placed in contact with sign material to measure the retroreflection in a standard geometry. The measurements can be compared to minimum requirements to determine the need for replacement. Entrance and observation angles specified in this test method are those used currently in the United States and may differ from the angles used elsewhere in the world.  
1.2 This test method is intended to be used for the field measurement of traffic signs but may be used to measure the performance of materials before placing the sign in the field or before placing the sign material on the sign face.  
1.3 This test method covers measurements at a 0.2 degree observation angle. See Test Method E2540 for measurements at a 0.5 degree observation angle.  
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ASTM E3211-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Selection, Integration, and Verification of Active Vehicle Barrier Safety Devices

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4.1 There have been instances in the past in which undesired collisions between authorized vehicles and AVBS have occurred. Properly selected, designed, and installed safety devices that are able to inhibit deployment of active barriers when authorized vehicles are in the hazard detection space, in direct proximity to the barrier, can minimize the likelihood that such accidents occur.  
4.2 Unintended barrier/vehicle collisions can be very hazardous, will frequently result in significant damage to property, and can also result in personal injury or death, depending on conditions surrounding an incident.  
4.3 It is recognized that some vehicle types may not be reliably detected by an individual detection device and an owner may desire placing AVBS in service even though not all vehicle types may be reliably detected. In such determination of use, an owner shall carefully consider such system performance limitations and safety risks, appropriate alternative controls that will minimize safety hazards, and what risks are able to be accepted before placing equipment into service. This practice is intended to provide the owners, designers, installers, integrators, and equipment providers with information that may be important to such decisions, but it is not intended to determine what risks/hazards are acceptable.  
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4.5 If an owner determines that safety devices are not to be used, then it is possible that the owner may choose to implement some alternate means to mitigate or reduce a p...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to provide methods for selecting, integrating, and verification of active vehicle barrier safety devices so that vehicle barrier systems are reliably and safely controlled when in operation.  
1.2 There are a number of risks associated with the operation and use of active vehicle barrier systems (AVBS). One of the risks is that of undesired collision between an active vehicle barrier (AVB) and an authorized vehicle. Such risks can be minimized through proper design, construction, installation, operation, and training in the use of such systems.  
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1.4 For this practice, safety refers to the ability of the barrier to operate without causing unintended damage to vehicles or injury to people via operation or deployment of the barrier, when an authorized vehicle is transiting the barrier. Security refers to the ability to operate or deploy the barrier to serve its intended purpose of stopping an unauthorized vehicle from passing through the barrier location.  
1.5 Pedestrians are excluded from the scope of this practice. It is assumed, for the purposes of this practice, that pedestrians are excluded from potentially hazardous locations in the immediate vicinity of AVBS moving components. It is recognized that authorized pedestrians may be present in the area of the movable AVBS for required purposes, such as inspection of vehicles that are stopped. The presence of “casual” pedestrians shall be kept away from the movable elements of the AVBS.  
1.6 This practice is not intended to addr...

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