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ASTM D7785-12

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Water in Lint Cotton by Oven Evaporation Combined with Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration

Standard Test Method for Water in Lint Cotton by Oven Evaporation Combined with Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The water content of raw or lint cotton determined by this test method, calculated from the required volume of reagent, may be greater, equal to or less than the moisture content measured by standard oven drying methods. These differences may be of significance in commercial transactions (1-3) (see also Appendix X2). Water content by this method is not to be considered the same attribute as moisture content.
Standard test methods using volumetric and coulometric Karl Fischer reagent are two of the most widely used procedures for the determination of water.
The volumetric method is typically used for the routine determination of water in the mass percent range of concentrations. If samples contain very low levels of water, the coulometric technique should be considered (see Test Methods D1533, E1064).
This test method for testing the water content of cotton can be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of lint cotton, manufacturing control and calibration of fast, indirect sensors to measure water.
Information on the water content of cotton is desirable since the physical properties of cotton are significantly affected by its water content. Variations in the amount of water present, or its regain, affect the mass and hence the market value of a lot of material.
The observed volume of Karl Fischer reagent used in this test method to analyze a specimen represents the water in the absence of side reactions in an oven supplied with air (3).
Note 2—Side reactions in cotton that confound the actual weight loss due to water have been demonstrated in two laboratory ovens and a thermogravimetric analysis oven supplied with air (3). This results in an approximation regarding the actual amount of water in cotton based on mass loss by drying. If the moisture content by oven drying agrees with the water content measured by Karl Fischer titration, the one-to-one correspondence may be coincidental due to the presence of both negative and positive biases in...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total amount of water (free and bound) in raw and lint cotton at moisture equilibrium from conditioning in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.
Note 1—For other methods of determination of moisture in lint cotton that do not specify conditioning to moisture equilibrium, refer to Test Methods D2495 and D1348.
1.2 This test method requires the use of oven evaporation to remove all of the water in the fiber matrix, volumetric Karl Fischer (KF) titration to determine water content and water regain, and control current potentiometry to detect the end point.
1.3 This test method is not intended for use with potentiometric (zero current) and coulometric Karl Fischer titrators (see Test Methods D1533, D4377 and E1064), nor is this test method intended to be used with methanol extracts of cotton (See Test Methods D1348).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary warnings see 9.1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2012
ICS
59.080.01 - Textiles in general
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.11 - Cotton Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D7785-12 - Standard Test Method for Water in Lint Cotton by Oven Evaporation Combined with Volumetric Karl Fischer TitrationASTM D7785-12 - Standard Test Method for Water in Lint Cotton by Oven Evaporation Combined with Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration
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ASTM D7785-12 - Standard Test Method for Water in Lint Cotton by Oven Evaporation Combined with Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7785 − 12
Standard Test Method for
Water in Lint Cotton by Oven Evaporation Combined with
1
Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7785; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
D1533 Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total
Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
amount of water (free and bound) in raw and lint cotton at
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
moisture equilibrium from conditioning in the standard atmo-
D2495 Test Method for Moisture in Cotton by Oven-Drying
sphere for testing textiles.
D4377 Test Method forWater in Crude Oils by Potentiomet-
NOTE 1—For other methods of determination of moisture in lint cotton
that do not specify conditioning to moisture equilibrium, refer to Test
ric Karl Fischer Titration
Methods D2495 and D1348.
D7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers
1.2 This test method requires the use of oven evaporation to
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
remove all of the water in the fiber matrix, volumetric Karl
ASTM Test Methods
Fischer (KF) titration to determine water content and water
E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer
regain, and control current potentiometry to detect the end
Titration
point.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.3 This test method is not intended for use with potentio-
E1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-
metric(zerocurrent)andcoulometricKarlFischertitrators(see
Test Methods D1533, D4377 and E1064), nor is this test metric Karl Fischer Titration
method intended to be used with methanol extracts of cotton
(See Test Methods D1348).
3. Terminology
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 Definitions:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2 For all terminology relating to D13.11, Cotton Fibers,
standard.
refer to Terminology D7139.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.3 The following terms are relevant to this standard: bound
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
water, free water, test specimen, water content, water regain.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.4 FordefinitionsofallothertextiletermsseeTerminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
D123.
precautionary warnings see 9.1.
2. Referenced Documents 4. Summary of Test Method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 A0.1gtestspecimenissealedinaglassvial,positioned
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
on the sample turntable and lowered into the single sample
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
oven where dry nitrogen transports the water vapor that is
D1348 Test Methods for Moisture in Cellulose
rapidly evaporated from the fibers into a titration cell. The
amount of water is determined by volumetric titration with
Karl Fischer reagent with the end point determined by elec-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
trodesthatmeasureasharpchangeinpotentialwhentheiodine
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
in the reagent is reduced by sulfur dioxide in the presence of
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012. Published March 2012. DOI: 10.1520/
D7785-12.
water. The volume of reagent required to titrate the wet gas
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
stream is converted into the amount of water in the test
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
specimen. For the reaction mechanism and the chemicals
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. involved with this test method, see Appendix X1.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7785 − 12
5. Significance and Use 6.2.2 The recovery of spiked additions of water to the
sample matrix was not significantly different from 100 % (see
5.1 The water content of raw or lint cotton determined by
Test Method E203).
this test method, calculated from the required volume of
6.2.3 The slope of the plot of water content of cotton versus
reagent, may be greater, equal to or less than the moisture
oven module temperature in the range o
...

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Standard Practice for Water in Lint Cotton by Oven Evaporation Combined with Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The water content of raw or lint cotton determined by this practice, calculated from the required volume of reagent, may be greater, equal to or less than the moisture content measured by standard oven drying methods. These differences may be of significance in commercial transactions (1-3)4 (see also Appendix X2). Water content by this method is not to be considered the same attribute as moisture content.  
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1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of definitions of technical terms related to force and deformation properties when evaluating a stress-strain curve of a textile. (See Figs. X1.1 and X1.2.) A chart showing the relationship of the basic terms is shown in Table 1. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
1.2 For other terms associated with textiles, refer to Terminology D123.  
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ASTM D5253-04(2016)(Terminology)
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1.1 This standard is a compilation of all terminology developed by Subcommittee D13.62 on Labeling and related to refurbishing or care of floor coverings and textile upholstered furniture, excluding leather. These items cannot be refurbished by the laundering and dry cleaning methods used for apparel and other domestic textile products.  
1.2 This document defines terms for the care of textile floor coverings and textile upholstered furniture. The exact care instructions and sequence of procedures are to be determined by the manufacturer.  
1.3 The recommended terminology covers common meanings used by both textile technologists and consumers.  
1.4 This terminology is not applicable to unattached fabrics, such as slipcovers, used for covering furniture.  
1.5 When care labels are provided, a standardized terminology in a logical sequence facilitates the maximum disclosure of essential information in small label space and assists understanding of recommended care practices by the consumer.  
1.6 The use of either a permanent or a nonattached care instruction should not preclude the use of the alternative as an additional source of information to the consumer.  
1.7 The term “only” in any label term limits the procedure to the stated instruction.  
1.8 This terminology is unique to the care of textile floor coverings and upholstered furniture. Meanings of the same terms outside the industry can be found in other compilations or dictionaries of general usage.  
1.9 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, Terminology D5253 is also useful for managing the subcommittee's terminology.  
1.10 Terms listed are under the jurisdiction of SC D13.62.  
1.11 For definitions of refurbishing or care terms for apparel, textile, home furnishing, and leather products cleaned by laundering or dry cleaning methods, see Terminology D3136.  
1.12 For definitions of other textile terms, see Terminology D123.

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1.2 These test methods cover procedures for the following fiber types:  
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1.2.1.1 Cellulose-Base Fibers:  
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Flax
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Uses and Significance  
5  
Sampling  
7  
Purity of Reagents  
6  
Moisture Content or Moisture Regain  
9  
Nonfibrous Materials  
8  
Mechanical Separation or Dissection  
10  
Chemical Test Methods:  
Summary of Methods  
11  
Specimens and Symbols  
12  
No. 1 Acetate Mixed With Other Fibers  
13  
No. 2 Modacrylic Mixed With Cellulosic Fiber or Wool  
14  
No. 3 Nylon 6 or Nylon 6-6 Mixed With Natural Fibers or Rayon  
15  
No. 4 Rayon Mixed With Cotton  
16  
No. 5 Wool or Polyester Mixed With Cellulosic Fibers or Silk  
17  
No. 6 Polyester or Acrylic Mixed With Wool  
18  
No. 7 Natural Cellulosic Material and Rayon Mixed With Acrylic, Modacrylic, and Polyester  
19  
No. 8 Polyester Mixed With Olefin  
20  
No. 9 Polyester Mixe...

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ASTM
ASTM D6419-00(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Sheet-Fed and Coldset Web Offset Printing Inks

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is the procedure of choice for determining volatile content of sheet-fed and coldset web offset inks. This information is useful to the ink manufacturer and user and to environmental interests as part of the determination of the mass of volatile organic compounds emitted from the ink.
Note 3: Since these inks do not contain water or any materials currently classified by US EPA as negligibly photochemically reactive (exempt solvents), volatile organic compound content is the same as volatile content. The volatile organic compounds in these inks are high boiling hydrocarbon oils which are, according to US EPA guidelines, 95 % retained in the printed substrate or oxidized into the ink film. Therefore, the mass of volatile organic compound emitted from the ink would be calculated as only 5 % of the volatile organic compound content of the ink as derived from the results of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determination of the weight percent volatile content of sheet-fed and coldset web offset printing inks. Test specimens are heated at 110 °C ± 1 °C for 60 min.
Note 1: Coldset web offset printing is often (also) referred to as non-heatset web offset printing.  
1.2 This test method is also applicable to sheet-fed and coldset web offset printing ink vehicles.
Note 2: Vehicle is the liquid portion of the printing ink. Any substance that is dissolved in the liquid portion of the ink is a part of the vehicle.  
1.3 This test method is not applicable to ultra-violet (UV) or electron beam cured materials, which must be cured by exposure to UV light or an electron beam as part of the test for volatile content.  
1.4 This test method is based on Test Method D2369, in which the allowable ranges are ±0.1 g for specimen weight and ±5 °C for oven temperature. Interlaboratory studies have shown that specimen weight and oven temperature must both be more tightly controlled in order to improve the precision of test results for sheet-fed and coldset web-offset inks. Such inks typically contain a wide range of high-boiling hydrocarbons and often have a volatile content below 25 %.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement see 7.5.1  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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