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ASTM A720/A720M-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Ductility of Nonoriented Electrical Steel

Standard Test Method for Ductility of Nonoriented Electrical Steel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This is a specialized bend test for nonoriented electrical steel not covered under the provisions of Test Methods E 290.  
This test is applicable to nonoriented silicon steel such as described in Specifications A 677/A 677M and A 683/A 683M in commercial thicknesses.
It is not intended to be applied to steels considered inherently ductile.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of ductility utilizing Epstein test strips and a bending device for bending the strip over a predetermined radius. It is intended for commercial silicon-bearing steel sheet or strip of nonoriented types in the thickness range from 0.010 to 0.031 in. [0.25 to 0.79 mm], inclusive.
1.2 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this test method, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this test method.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-2002
ICS
77.140.50 - Flat steel products and semi-products
Technical Committee
A06 - Magnetic Properties
Drafting Committee
A06.01 - Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A720-97 - Standard Test Method for Ductility of Nonoriented Electrical Steel
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Replaced By
ASTM A720/A720M-02(2007) - Standard Test Method for Ductility of Nonoriented Electrical Steel
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007
Referred By
ASTM A677-16 - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM A345-19 - Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels for Magnetic Applications
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM A683-16 - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semiprocessed Types
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002

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ASTM A720/A720M-02 - Standard Test Method for Ductility of Nonoriented Electrical SteelASTM A720/A720M-02 - Standard Test Method for Ductility of Nonoriented Electrical Steel
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ASTM A720/A720M-02 - Standard Test Method for Ductility of Nonoriented Electrical Steel
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A720/A720M–02
Standard Test Method for
1
Ductility of Nonoriented Electrical Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 720/A 720M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope crack appears at the bend or until sudden failure occurs by
complete rupture.The number of reversals until failure is taken
1.1 This test method covers determination of ductility uti-
as a measure of the ductility.
lizing Epstein test strips and a bending device for bending the
strip over a predetermined radius. It is intended for commercial
4. Significance and Use
silicon-bearing steel sheet or strip of nonoriented types in the
4.1 This is a specialized bend test for nonoriented electrical
thickness range from 0.010 to 0.031 in. [0.25 to 0.79 mm],
steel not covered under the provisions of Test Methods E 290.
inclusive.
4.2 This test is applicable to nonoriented silicon steel such
1.2 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu
as described in Specifications A 677/A 677M and A 683/
and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as
A 683M in commercial thicknesses.
standard. Within this test method, SI units are shown in
4.3 It is not intended to be applied to steels considered
brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact
inherently ductile.
equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently
of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
5. Apparatus
result in nonconformance with this test method.
5.1 The apparatus, Fig. 1, consists of a set of stationary jaws
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and a movable arm to which is attached another set of jaws and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
a spring.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1.1 The stationary jaws shall have working edges with
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
radii of approximately 0.2 in. [5 mm] over which the test
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
specimen is bent. Stationary jaws shall be of the quick-
2. Referenced Documents clamping type.
5.1.2 The jaws attached to the movable arm shall allow the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specimen to move freely during bending.
A 34/A 34M Practice for Sampling and Procurement Test-
2 5.1.3 The spring clamped to the free end of the specimen
ing of Magnetic Materials
shall provide sufficient tension in the specimen to localize the
A 677/A 677M Specification for Nonoriented Electrical
2 bend.
Steel Fully Processed Types
5.1.4 Design of the movable arm shall permit a rotation of
A 683/A 683M Specification for Nonoriented Electrical
2 approximately 180°.
Steel, Semiprocessed Types
E 290 Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for
6. Sampling
3
Ductility
6.1 Select samples from at least two well separated loca-
tions in each test lot or lift.
3. Summary of Test Method
6.1.1 The test specimens may be cut from samples used for
3.1 A test strip is placed in the special test apparatus
the core loss or other tests in accordance with the practice in
designed to clamp one end of the specimen securely while the
Practice A 34/A 34M.
other end is free to move, but held in tension by a spring. The
6.1.2 Cut test specimens from near each end of each sample
specimen is repeatedly bent through 180° reversals until a
coil and from the middle and the end of each sample sheet.
7. Test Specimen
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA06.01 onTest
7.1 The test specimens shall be about 1.2 in. [30 mm] in
Methods.
width and not less than 6 in. [150 mm] in length.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published November 2002. Originally
7.2 The number of test specimens representing each test lot
published as A 720 – 75. Last previous edition A 720 – 97.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.04. shall not be less than ten.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A720/A720M–02
8.3 Bend the specimen through 90° by use of the movable
arm and jaws, Fig. 2; then bend it through 180° in the reverse
direction. Again bend the specimen through 180° in the first
direction and continually through 180° reversals until a crack
appears at the bend or until sudden failure occurs by complete
rupture.
8.4 Each full 180° bend, including the first 90° bend, shall
be counted as one bend in de
...

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1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which the specified grades of flat-rolled, grain-oriented, fully processed electrical steels shall conform. These steels are used primarily in transformer cores operating at moderate to high magnetic flux densities at commercial power frequencies (50 and 60 Hz).  
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled nonoriented fully processed electrical steel shall conform.  
1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-loss values and is intended primarily for commercial power frequency (50 and 60 Hz) applications in magnetic devices. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed during mill processing, so additional heat treatment by the user is usually not necessary.  
1.3 These nonoriented fully processed electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys containing up to about 3.5 % silicon and a small amount of aluminum.  
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Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semiprocessed Types

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steel intended primarily for commercial power frequency applications in magnetic devices. These electrical steels are low carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys, and are classified according to core-loss. Unlike the fully processed electrical steels covered by ASTM A 677, the electrical steels in this specification require heat treatment by the user to develop the specified magnetic properties. The steels covered by this specification have a thickness of either 0.0185 in. (0.47 mm) or 0.025 in. (0.64 mm). For each thickness there are four core loss types. The core loss shall be determined following the use of a quality evaluation anneal listed in the specification. The core loss is determined using the Epstein test method at a test frequency of 60 Hz and a maximum flux density of 15 kG (1.5 T). Test methods to determine other required physical and mechanical properties are listed. Other typical magnetic and physical properties are listed for reference.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steel shall conform.  
1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-loss values and is intended primarily for commercial power frequency (50 and 60 Hz) applications in magnetic devices. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed through heat treatment by the user.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cold-rolled, carbon, structural, and high-strength low-alloy, in coils and cut lengths produced by the twin-roll casting process.  
1.2 Cold rolled steel sheet produced by the twin-roll casting process is available in the designations as listed in 4.1.  
1.3 This specification does not apply to steel strip as described in Specification A109/A109M.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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