ASTM C857-12a

Standard Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended to standardize the minimum structural design loading for underground precast concrete utility structures.
The user shall verify the anticipated field conditions and requirements with design loads greater than those specified in this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the minimum live loads and dead loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe, box culverts, and material covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this practice.
Note 1—For additional information see AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition.
Note 2—The purchaser is cautioned that he must properly correlate the anticipated loading conditions and the field requirements with the design loads used.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Jan-2012
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C27 - Precast Concrete Products
• Drafting Committee: C27.10 - Utility Structures

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C857-11 - Standard Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures
• Effective Date: 15-Jan-2012
• Replaced By: ASTM C857-13 - Standard Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C1037-16 - Standard Practice for Inspection of Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures
• Effective Date: 15-Jan-2012
• Referred By: ASTM C1802-23 - Standard Specification for Design, Testing, Manufacture, Selection, and Installation of Horizontal Fabricated Metal Access Hatches for Utility, Water, and Wastewater Structures
• Effective Date: 15-Jan-2012
• Referred By: ASTM C858-19 - Standard Specification for Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures
• Effective Date: 15-Jan-2012
• Referred By: ASTM C1889-21 - Standard Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Monolithic or Sectional Precast Concrete Utility, Water, and Wastewater Structures Using AASHTO LRFD Design
• Effective Date: 15-Jan-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C857 − 12a
StandardPractice for
Minimum Structural Design Loading for Underground
1
Precast Concrete Utility Structures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 dead loads—will consist of any other load that can
affect the design of the structure.
1.1 Thispracticedescribestheminimumliveloadsanddead
loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional 3.1.2 lifting insert—device embedded or otherwise attached
precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe, box culverts, to the structure, designed and manufactured to support a
and material covered in Specification C478 are excluded from measured, sustained, concentrated load.
this practice.
3.1.3 live loads—will consist of any moving loads that can
affect the design of the structure and their associated impact
NOTE 1—For additional information seeAASHTO Standard Specifica-
tion for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition.
and surcharge loads.
NOTE2—Thepurchaseriscautionedthathemustproperlycorrelatethe
3.1.4 utility structure—a structure that is used by electric,
anticipated loading conditions and the field requirements with the design
gas, communication, or similar industries.
loads used.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4. Design Loads
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
4.1 Roof—The design loads for the roof of any structure at
and are not considered standard. or below ground level consists of the live loads including
impact and dead loads that can develop as a result of earth
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pressure, hydrostatic pressure, and construction materials such
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
as used for roadways and walkways.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1.1 Live Loads—The vehicle and pedestrian load designa-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tionsaregiveninTable1.Liveloadwheelspacingisshownin
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Fig. 1.
2. Referenced Documents
4.1.2 Impact:
2
4.1.2.1 The live loads A-16, A-12, and A-8 shall be in-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
creased as follows to sustain the effect of impact:
C478Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Man-
4.1.2.2 Live Load Increase:
hole Sections
0 to 12 in. (0 to 305 mm) below ground level, 30%
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
3
13 to 24 in. (330 to 610 mm) below ground level, 20%
Specification for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition
25 to 35 in. (635 to 889 mm) below ground level, 10%
3. Terminology 36 in. (914 mm) or more below ground level, 0%
4.1.3 Dead Loads—Dead loads will consist of the weight of
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the roof, roadbed, walkways, earth fill, access opening covers,
and any other material that produces a static load.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on Precast
4.1.3.1 Recommended unit weights of materials for design
Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.10 on
calculations are as follows:
Utility Structures.
3 3
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2012. Published January 2012. Originally Concrete, plain, and reinforced 150 lb/ft (2043 kg/m )
3 3
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C857–12. DOI: Cast iron 450 lb/ft (7208 kg/m )
3 3
Steel 490 lb/ft (7850 kg/m )
10.1520/C0857-12A.
3 3
2
Aluminum 175 lb/ft (2804 kg/m )
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3 3
Earth fill (dry) 110 lb/ft (1762 kg/m )
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3 3
Macadam 140 lb/ft (2243 kg/m )
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
4.1.4 Distribution of Wheel Loads Through Earth Fills:
3
Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
4.1.4.1 Wheel loads at ground level shall be considered
Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
http://www.transportation.org. applied to a wheel load area as indicated in Fig. 2.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C857 − 12a
2
TABLE 1 Vehicle and Pedestrian Load Designations
pressure. No structure will be designed for less than a 30 lb/ft
Designations Maximum Loads Uses (1436 Pa) horizontal pressure.
A
A-1
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C857–12 Designation:C857–12a
Standard Practice for
Minimum Structural Design Loading for Underground
1
Precast Concrete Utility Structures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thispracticedescribestheminimumliveloadsanddeadloadstobeappliedwhendesigningmonolithicorsectionalprecast
concreteutilitystructures.Concretepipe,boxculverts,andmaterialcoveredinSpecificationC478areexcludedfromthispractice.
NOTE 1—For additional information see AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition.
NOTE 2—Thepurchaseriscautionedthathemustproperlycorrelatetheanticipatedloadingconditionsandthefieldrequirementswiththedesignloads
used.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C478 Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
3
Specification for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 dead loads—will consist of any other load that can affect the design of the structure.
3.1.2 liftinginsert—deviceembeddedorotherwiseattachedtothestructure,designedandmanufacturedtosupportameasured,
sustained, concentrated load.
3.1.3 live loads—will consist of any moving loads that can affect the design of the structure and their associated impact and
surcharge loads.
3.1.4 utility structure—a structure that is used by electric, gas, communication, or similar industries.
4. Design Loads
4.1 Roof—The design loads for the roof of any structure at or below ground level consists of the live loads including impact
and dead loads that can develop as a result of earth pressure, hydrostatic pressure, and construction materials such as used for
roadways and walkways.
4.1.1 Live Loads—The vehicle and pedestrian load designations are given inTable 1. Live load wheel spacing is shown in Fig.
1.
4.1.2 Impact:
4.1.2.1 The live loads A-16, A-12, and A-8 shouldshall be increased as follows to sustain the effect of impact:
4.1.2.2 Live Load Increase:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on Precast Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.10 on Utility
Structures.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2012. Published January 2012. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20112012 as C857–112. DOI:
10.1520/C0857-12A.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail]ards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
http://www.transportation.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C857–12a
TABLE 1 Vehicle and Pedestrian Load Designations
Designations Maximum Loads Uses
A
A-16 (HS20-44) 16 000 lbf (71 172 N)/wheel heavy traffic
A
A-12 (HS15-44) 12 000 lbf (53 376 N)/wheel medium traffic
A
A-8 (H10-44) 8 000 lbf (35 586 N)/wheel light traffic
2 B
A-0.3 300 lbf/ft (14.4 kPa) walkways
A
ThedesignationsinparenthesesarethecorrespondingAASHTOdesignations.
B
Anticipateddesignsotherthanthoselistedshouldbedesignatedbypurchaser.
FIG. 1 Live Load Spacing
0 to 12 in. (0 to 305 mm) below ground level, 30%
13 to 24 in. (330 to 610 mm) below ground level, 20%
25 to 35 in. (635 to 889 mm) below ground level, 10%
2

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C857–12a
36 in. (914 mm) or more below ground level, 0%
4.1.3 Dead Loads—Dead loads will consist of the weight of the roof, roadbed, walkways,
...