ASTM D4060-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Coating on substrates can be damaged by abrasion during its service life. This test method has been useful in evaluating the abrasion resistance of coatings. Ratings produced by this test method have correlated well with ratings produced by the falling abrasive values in Test Method D968.
5.2 For some materials, abrasion tests utilizing the Taber Abraser may be subject to variation due to changes in the abrasive characteristics of the wheel during testing. Depending on abradant type and test specimen, the wheel surface may change (that is, become clogged) due to the adhesion of debris generated during the test and must be resurfaced at more frequent intervals as agreed upon by the interested parties. To determine if more frequent resurfacing is required, plot the total weight loss every 50 cycles. If a significant negative change in slope is observed prior to 500 cycles, the point at which the slope changes determines the resurfacing frequency.
5.3 When evaluating resistance to abrasion of two or more coatings, other factors may need to be considered for an accurate comparison. Flexible coatings that include air entrainment bubbles could alter the mass loss during comparison tests. Coatings that include dense fillers may result in greater mass loss but have less change in coating thickness. Coatings that include silica, metal oxides or other extremely dense particulates, may wear the abrasive wheel. Wear debris that includes extremely dense particulates may cause three-body abrasion that contributes to the break-down of the coating if not removed by the vacuum suction system. Coatings that have a hardness value or coefficient of friction greater than the abrasive wheel may cause the abrasive wheel to break down faster. Coatings that have different coefficient of friction ratings, must be taken into consideration during comparison tests. Examples of coatings that may be impacted include, but are not limited to; epoxies, polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA), polyu...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of organic coatings to abrasion produced by the Taber Abraser on coatings applied to a plane, rigid surface, such as a metal panel.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, with the exception of mils when determining coating thickness.
1.3 This standard is similar in content (but not technically equivalent) to ISO 7784–2.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4060 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber
1
Abraser
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4060; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-
D1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
tance of organic coatings to abrasion produced by the Taber
and Related Products
Abraser on coatings applied to a plane, rigid surface, such as a
D3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Condi-
metal panel.
tioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 3
Materials (Withdrawn 2016)
standard, with the exception of mils when determining coating
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
thickness.
Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-
1.3 This standard is similar in content (but not technically
equivalent) to ISO 7784–2. ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
G195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Platform Abraser
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.2 Other Standards:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ISO 7784–2 Paints and varnishes—Determination of resis-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
tance to abrasion—Part 2: Rotating abrasive rubber wheel
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4
method
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3. Terminology
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.1 Abrasion resistance can be expressed as one or more
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
of the following terms:
3.1.2 wear index, n—the average loss in weight in milli-
2. Referenced Documents
grams per thousand cycles of abrasion.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.3 weight loss, n—the loss in weight in milligrams,
D16 TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
determined at a specified number of cycles.
Applications
3.1.4 wear cycles per mil, n—the number of cycles of
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
abrasionrequiredtowearafilmthroughtothesubstratepermil
of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
(0.001 in.) of film thickness.
D968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this standard, refer
Coatings by Falling Abrasive
to Terminology D16.
4. Summary of Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
4.1 The organic coating is applied at uniform thickness to a
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
plane,rigidpaneland,aftercuring,thesurfaceisabradedusing
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2019. Published October 2019. Originally
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4060 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/D4060-19.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4060 − 19
rotary rubbing action under controlled conditions of pressure mentbubblescouldalterthemasslossduringcomparisontests.
and abrasive action.The test specimen, mounted on a turntable Coatings that include dense fillers ma
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4060 − 14 D4060 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber
1
Abraser
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4060; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of organic coatings to abrasion produced by the Taber Abraser
on coatings applied to a plane, rigid surface, such as a metal panel.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, with the exception of mils when determining coating
thickness.
1.3 This standard is similar in content (but not technically equivalent) to ISO 7784–2.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
D968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
D2240D1475 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer HardnessDensity of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
D3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Conditioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
3
(Withdrawn 2016)
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals
and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
G195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
2.2 Other Standards:
4
ISO 7784–2 Paints and varnishes—Determination of resistance to abrasion—Part 2: Rotating abrasive rubber wheel method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 Abrasion resistance can be expressed as one or more of the following terms:
3.1.2 wear index, n—1000 times the average loss in weight in milligrams per cycle.thousand cycles of abrasion.
3.1.3 weight loss, n—the loss in weight in milligrams, determined at a specified number of cycles.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014Oct. 1, 2019. Published January 2015October 2019. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20102014 as
D4060 – 10.D4060 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D4060–14.10.1520/D4060-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4060 − 19
3.1.4 wear cycles per mil, n—the number of cycles of abrasion required to wear a film through to the substrate per mil (0.001
in.) of film thickness.
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D16.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The organic coating is applied at uniform thickness to a plane, rigid panel
...
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