ASTM E196-06(2012)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Gravity Load Testing of Floors and Low Slope Roofs
Standard Practice for Gravity Load Testing of Floors and Low Slope Roofs
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended to be used by parties involved in the testing of floors and roofs of structures either in the field or the laboratory. Tests are either proof tests or tests to failure, and are applicable to all construction materials. The practice is not intended for use in routine quality control testing of individual building elements or constructions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers static load testing of floors and low slope roofs (roofs having a slope of less than 1 in 12) under actual or simulated service conditions, and is applicable to typical elements or sections of structures fabricated for test or to actual existing building components. This practice is intended for use in determining the strength and stiffness of elements or sections of floors and roofs of buildings under gravity loads, as well as in checking the design, materials, connections, and the quality of the fabrication of such building constructions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E196 − 06 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Practice for
Gravity Load Testing of Floors and Low Slope Roofs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This practice covers static load testing of floors and low
4.1 This practice is intended to be used by parties involved
slope roofs (roofs having a slope of less than 1 in 12) under
in the testing of floors and roofs of structures either in the field
actual or simulated service conditions, and is applicable to
or the laboratory. Tests are either proof tests or tests to failure,
typical elements or sections of structures fabricated for test or
and are applicable to all construction materials. The practice is
to actual existing building components. This practice is in-
not intended for use in routine quality control testing of
tended for use in determining the strength and stiffness of
individual building elements or constructions.
elements or sections of floors and roofs of buildings under
gravity loads, as well as in checking the design, materials,
5. Types of Tests
connections, and the quality of the fabrication of such building
5.1 Proof Tests—Proof tests are intended to give assurance
constructions.
that the construction will support a specified load or will not
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
exceed a given deflection under this load, or both. If the floor
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
or roof is to be placed in service after the proof test, or is part
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
of an existing structure which must remain in service after the
tion only and are not considered standard.
test, great care must be exercised to determine that structural
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
damage has not occurred, or that if failure did occur, damage is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
minimal and the safety of personnel is not jeopardized.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.2 Failure Tests—Failure tests are carried out to obtain
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
more detailed information on the performance, ultimate load
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
carrying capacity, the mode of failure, the adequacy of the
connections, and to develop the complete load-deflection curve
2. Referenced Documents
for the construction(s).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests of
6. Test Specimens
Building Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As-
semblies
6.1 The area or size of the test specimen shall be a
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
representative section, taken to duplicate the structural perfor-
mance of the actual floor or roof, or shall be a typical element
3. Terminology
or bay of an existing structure. When a loading test is
performed on a particular floor or roof composed of many
3.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsinthispractice,seeTerminology
identical segments, the selection of a representative test section
E631.
shallbeapprovedbythebuildingofficialorpartyforwhomthe
test is being performed. Normally only one representative
portion of the structure need be tested, except where various
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-
areas of a floor or roof are subject to differing types of loading,
mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.11 on
or where a number of structural elements or sections in a
Horizontal and Vertical Structures/Structural Performance of Completed Structures.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012. Published October 2012. Originally
building are suspect and to be proof loaded.
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E196 – 06. DOI:
10.1520/E0196-06R12.
6.2 The condition of the materials in the assembly to be
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tested shall be reasonably equivalent, at the time of test, to the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
conditionsassumedinthedesignorrepresentativeoftheactual
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. in-service conditions.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E196 − 06 (2012)
7. Simulated Structures the floor or roof to support the construction in case of failure,
and shall be arranged to catch the main load-carrying members
7.1 When a loading test is carried out on a simulated
of the floor or roof construction and not merely the covering
structure, the support conditions and the fixity of the edges of
surface such as the roof sheathing or a false ceiling. This
the floor or roof developed in the actual structure shall be
shoring system shall be capable of taking the full dead weight
reproduced as closely as possible in the test specimen.
of the floor or roof plus the full test load and shall be adjusted
7.2 The materials, structural shapes, connections,
during the test to leave a gap for deflection and observation.To
connectors, and construction used in the simulated structure
minimize the damage to a structure in the event of a failure
shallduplicateascloselyaspracticalthoseusedorintendedfor
during a proof-load test, the loading medium shall have
use in the actual structure.
back-up restraint to keep it from becoming a following-type
load.The load shall be located so as to facilitate quick removal
8. General Testing Arrangement
and limit the damage in the event that structural problems
8.1 Verification of Design Assumptions—Floors or roofs
become evident.
shall be loaded in a manner satisfying the original design
assumptions. Floors or roofs designed for uniform loading
9. Measurements
shall be tested under uniform loading or by a method that will
9.1 Deflections—Deflection measurements shall be taken
simulate the forces and moments generated by a uniformly
during the loading tests on the floor or roof at the center line
distributed load. When structures with protrusions or structural
and quarter points of the two main axes of the loaded area and
elements that are located above the surface to be loaded are
at other specified locations. Where the deformation of support-
tested, care shall be taken to ensure that the loading procedure
ing members affects the rigidity of the unit being tested, the
used does not inadvertently restrain lateral buckling of these
deflection of the supporting members shall also be measured.
elements.
Deflections are permitted to be measured using dial gages, a
8.2 Uniform Live Load—An actual uniform live load is
surveyor’s level, or other methods that will limit the error to
applied to the test specimen(s).This shall be achieved using an
62 % of the total deflection. The deflection gages shall be
air bag, a vacuum chamber, water, or other suitable materials.
supported so as to be unaffected by the application of the load
If water is used as a loading medium, care must be taken to
or by local deformations caused by the load. A means of
minimize the effects of ponding which will produce a nonuni-
monitoring deflections and test assembly performance from
form load. One means of minimizing the ponding is by
remote locations is the use of video tape equipment.
dividing the area to be loaded by water into a series of separate
9.2 Accuracy of Loading—The loading medium or applied
compartments that are filled individually.
loads shall be measured by a method that will limit the error to
NOTE 1—The unintentional failure of a test structure loaded by water
65 % of the specified design live load. Loading methods that
can be extremely messy and can create unanticipated problems.
do not allow such accuracy shall not be used.
8.3 Simulated Uniform Live Load—A simulated uniform
9.3 Load Sharing—Where several structural elements are in
live load shall be applied by dead weights, jacks, cables and
the section being tested or the load test is conducted on an
pulleys, or any other method that will simulate a uniformly
existing structure, deformation readings shall be taken on the
distributed load by conce
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