ASTM D6611-00(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Wet and Dry Yarn-on-Yarn Abrasion Resistance (Withdrawn 2016)
Standard Test Method for Wet and Dry Yarn-on-Yarn Abrasion Resistance (Withdrawn 2016)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended for testing dry and wet abrasion resistance of manufactured fiber yarns. This test method is especially useful for ropes intended for use in the marine environment. The test method has been used with yarns having linear densities ranging from 70 to 300 tex, but may be used with yarns outside these ranges.
Limited interlaboratory correlation testing has been conducted to date. Single-laboratory testing, in accordance with ASTM practices, has now been conducted. Additional interlaboratory testing, in accordance with ASTM practices, will be conducted after approval of a definitive test method. Test results should be used with caution pending completion of interlaboratory testing.
This test method is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments in the absence of reliable information on between-laboratory precision.
If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum the test samples used should be as homogeneous as possible, be drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two or more laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to testing. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
This test method is conducted at one or several applied tensions that may depend upon the yarn material and size. The number and magnitudes of applied tensions and the number of eight specimen sets generally are agreed upon in a material specification or contract order...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of abrasion resistance properties for manufactured fiber yarns in dry and wet conditions.
1.2 This test method applies to manufactured yarns used in rope making.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method describes the measurement of abrasion resistance properties for manufactured fiber yarns in dry and wet conditions.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this practice was withdrawn in January 2016 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6611 − 00(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Wet and Dry Yarn-on-Yarn Abrasion Resistance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6611; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2.1 Discussion—In yarn abrasion testing, the state of a
yarn, which has been soaked for a prescribed period of time in
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of abrasion
water before testing and then immersed in water during the
resistance properties for manufactured fiber yarns in dry and
abrasion test.
wet conditions.
3.1.3 applied tension, n—in yarn abrasion testing, the static
1.2 This test method applies to manufactured yarns used in
tension exerted on the weighted end of the yarn by the applied
rope making.
weight.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Tension in the yarn varies along its
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
length during each cycle because of friction and dynamic
information only.
effects. The tension at any point in the interwrapped yarn
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the regionandatanytimemaydiffersubstantiallyfromtheapplied
tension but is a function of that applied tension.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4 cycles to failure, CTF, n—in yarn abrasion testing, the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
number of cycles applied to the yarn before it fails due to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
abrasion.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Failureisconsideredtooccurwhenthe
2. Referenced Documents
yarn is completely separated.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.5 dry, adj—the state of a yarn which has not been
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
exposed to excessive moisture.
D1776Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
3.1.6 rope, n—a compact and flexible, generally torsionally
D2904Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
balanced continuous structure, greater than 4-mm ( ⁄32-in.)
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-
diameter, capable of applying or transmitting tension between
drawn 2008)
two points.
3.1.7 wet, adj—the state of a yarn which has been exposed
3. Terminology
to excessive moisture.
3.1 Definitions:
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
3.1.1 abrasion, n—the wearing away of any part of a
method, refer to Terminology D123.
material by rubbing against another surface.
3.1.2 apex angle, n—the angle formed between the incom-
4. Summary of Test Method
ing and outgoing yarn at the top (and bottom) of the inter-
4.1 A length of yarn is interwrapped in contact with itself
wrapped yarn area in the static condition (see Annex A1).
betweenthreepulleysthatarepositionedinadefinedgeometry
toproduceaspecificintersectionangle.Aweightisattachedto
oneendoftheyarntoapplyaprescribedtension.Theotherend
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
is drawn back and forth through a defined stroke at a defined
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers and
speed until the yarn fails due to abrasion upon itself within the
Metallic Reinforcements.
interwrapped region. The yarn abrasion test can be conducted
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D6611–00. DOI:
in either the dry state or the wet state.
10.1520/D6611-00R07.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5. Significance and Use
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5.1 This test method is intended for testing dry and wet
the ASTM website.
abrasion resistance of manufactured fiber yarns. This test
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. method is especially useful for ropes intended for use in the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6611 − 00 (2007)
marineenvironment.Thetestmethodhasbeenusedwithyarns 6. Apparatus
having linear densities ranging from 70 to 300 tex, but may be
6.1 The Yarn-on-Yarn Abrasion Test Apparatus is shown
used with yarns outside these ranges.
schematically in Fig. 1 and consists of the following:
5.2 Limited interlaboratory correlation testing has been
6.2 Yarn Guide Pulleys—Three pulleys are arranged on a
conducted to date. Single-laboratory testing, in accordance
vertical frame with the centerline spacing indicated.All of the
with ASTM practices, has now been conducted. Additional
pulleys have the same diameter. The pulleys have low-friction
interlaboratory testing, in accordance with ASTM practices,
bearings.
will be conducted after approval of a definitive test method.
Testresultsshouldbeusedwithcautionpendingcompletionof
6.3 Arrangement of Guide Pulleys—The upper pulley cen-
interlaboratory testing.
terlines are separated by 140 6 2 mm. The lower pulley
centerline is 254 6 2 mm below a line connecting the upper
5.3 This test method is not recommended for acceptance
pulleycenterlines.Thisarrangementproducesanapexangleof
testing of commercial shipments in the absence of reliable
10.8 radians (34°). Other spacings may be used which produce
information on between-laboratory precision.
the same apex angle, when analyzed by the procedure given in
5.4 If there are differences of practical significance between
Annex A1.
reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative
6.4 Wet Testing Arrangement—For wet testing, the lower
tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical
pulleyisplacedonabarextendingdownfromasupportframe,
bias between them, using competent statistical assistance.As a
such that a beaker of water can be placed around it to immerse
minimum the test samples used should be as homogeneous as
the interwrapped portion of the yarn. The lower pulley has a
possible, be drawn from the material from which the disparate
bushing-type bearing suitable for prolonged service immersed
test results were obtained, and be randomly assigned in equal
in water.
numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with
established test values may be used for this purpose. The test
6.5 Drive Motor—An eccentric crank driven by a gear
results from the two or more laboratories should be compared
motor is arranged in alignment with one of the upper pulleys.
using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level
The crank is offset by 25 6 2 mm from the drive motor shaft
chosen prior to testing. If a bias is found, either its cause must
to create a yarn stroke of 50 6 4 mm. The gear motor drives
be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted
the crank at between 60 and 70 revolutions/min. Other drive
in consideration of the known bias.
arrangements, which accomplish the specified stroke and drive
5.5 This test method is conducted at one or several applied speed may alternatively be used.
tensions that may depend upon the yarn material and size.The
6.6 Multi-Station Tester—Several test stations may be ar-
number and magnitudes of applied tensions and the number of
ranged on a support frame and driven by the same motor.
eight specimen sets generally are agreed upon in a material
specification or contract order. Guidance on determining the 6.7 Cycle Counter Arrangement—A means of counting the
appropriate number and magnitudes of applied tensions is
number of yarn abrasion strokes to failure is provided. This
given in Annex A2. may be a counter directly connected to the drive motor or a
FIG. 1 General Arrangement of the Yarn-on-Yarn Abrasion Test Apparatus
D6611 − 00 (2007)
counter, which is indexed by each revolution of the crank or 7.3.1 Securely tie knots at each end of the specimen to
directly by each stroke of the yarn. This counter is arranged to preventuntwisting.Forconvenience,asmallhook,suitablefor
stopcountingwhentheyarnbreaksandtoretainacountofthe engaging the drive attachment and the applied tension, can be
numberofstrokesuntilitisreset.Formultistationtesters,such attached to each end of the specimen by means of a knot.
a counter is provided for each yarn station.
8. Conditioning
6.8 Yarn Twist Control—Iftheyarnhaspronouncedtwist,or
if the yarn tends to twist or untwist during testing, a means
8.1 Preconditioning for Dry Testing—In preparation for dry
should be provided to control yarn twist, such as an extension
testing, precondition each specimen in an atmosphere with a
arm on the applied weight which follows a guide.
relative humidity between 55 and 75% and a temperature
between 16 and 25°C (61 and 77°F) for at least 1 h and for
7. Sampling and Test Specimens
sufficient time to bring to equilibrium, as specified in Practice
7.1 Primary Sampling Unit—Consider spools or beams to D1776.
be the primary sampling unit.
8.2 Preconditioning for Wet Testing—In preparation for wet
7.2 Laboratory Sampling Unit—As a laboratory sampling
testing,preconditioneachspecimeninafreshtapwaterbathat
unit take from the primary sampling unit a total length of yarn a temperature between 16 and 25°C (61 and 77°F) for 1 h 6 6
that will provide eight test specimens for each of the applied
min.This may be done either by soaking the yarn in a separate
tensions as determined in Annex A2. bath prior to mounting it on the test machine or by soaking the
7.2.1 Determinethespecimenlengthsufficienttoaccommo-
yarn mounted on the test machine prior to beginning testing. If
datethedistanceneededtosecuretheyarntothetestapparatus a separate bath is used, care must be taken to avoid damaging
motorcrank,throughthepulleyarrangementandtotheapplied
the yarn while mounting the yarn for testing.
weight,allowingformovementofthecrankandweightduring
NOTE 1—The yarn test specification may give a different soak time for
the test.Add to this a suitable allowance for the length needed
testing, with agreement of the interested parties. The yarn should not be
to attach the yarn to the crank and to the weight.
soaked for more than the specified time, as the abrasion resistance
7.2.2 Determine the number and magnitudes of applied properties of some yarns is sensitive to the length of soak.
tensions as directed in Annex A2.
7.2.3 Remove sufficient yarn from the primary sample prior 9. Procedure
to taking the laboratory sample to assure the test yarn has not
9.1 Handle the test specimen carefully to avoid altering the
been exposed to light, handling abuse, or other outside influ-
natural state of the yarn, including the level of twist.
ences.
9.2 Mounting Specimen on Test Machine—Attach one end
7.2.4 Handle the test specimens carefully to avoid altering
of the specimen to the drive motor crank or to an extension
its natural state, including twist level.
tether attached to the crank. Place the specimen over the first
7.2.5 If testing is not conducted immediately, wind a suffi-
upperguidepulley,aroundtheoppositesideofthelowerguide
cient length of yarn on a small spool or bobbin and place in a
pulley, under that lower pulley, and across itself and over the
moisture proof container or package, and store in a dark area
second upper guide pulley. This preliminary crossed-yarn
not exposed to direct sunlight or other strong light sources.
position is shown at the left in Fig. 2.
7.3 Test Specimens—From each laboratory sampling unit,
cut individual specimens to a length as determined in 7.2. NOTE2—Thispositioninwhichtheyarntouchesitselfatthecross-over
FIG. 2 Correct Method of Counting Number of Yarn Interwraps for Yarn-on-Yarn Abrasion Test Method
D6611 − 00 (2007)
point but does not yet wrap around itself is referred to as the zero wrap
10.2 Log Standard Deviation of CTF—Calculate the log
position.
standard deviation, Ln σ,of CTF by the following equation.
9.3 Mounting of Weight—Attach weights of sufficient mass
Lnσ5 (2)
toproducetheprescribedappliedtensiontotheotherendofthe
specimen. 2 2 2
Ln CTF 2Ln M 1 Ln CTF 2Ln M 1… Ln CTF 2Ln M
~ ! ~ ! ~ !
1 N
Œ
N 21
9.4 Application of Yarn Interwraps—Place the fingers of a
handorasuitablesupportobjectwithinthebightformedbythe
where:
yarn passing under the lower pulley and temporarily remove
Ln σ = Log standard deviation of cycles to failure.
the yarn from that pulley. Twist the hand or support object to
10.3 Ln 2σ CTF Band—Calculate the log mean CTF 6 2
apply three wraps to the yarn. Replace the yarn around the
standard deviation band by the following equations.
lower pulley. The resulting yarn interwrap region should
appear as shown at the right in Fig. 2.
Upper M62σ Bound 5Ln M12Ln σ (3)
NOTE 3—The yarn should have three complete warps producing an Lower M62σ Bound 5Ln M 22Ln σ (4)
interwrap angle of 1080° (3 × 360°). The yarn should pass out of the
10.4 Data Adjustment—If the Ln CTF for any of the test
interwrappedregioncontinuinginthesamedirectionasitenteredintothe
stations deviates by more than 2 Ln σ from the Ln M or is
region.
NOTE 4—The yarn test specification may give a different number of otherwise judged to be an outlier, then test an additional four
interwraps for testing a particular yarn category, with agreement of the
yarns and reanalyze the results. Judgement may be used in
interested parties.
acceptingorrejectingdataCTFdata,whichdeviatesmorethan
9.4.1 Relation of Direction of Twist to Direction of 2 σ from the M after conducting the additional four tests.
Interwrap—If the yarn has a pronounced twist, the interwrap
10.5 Present the cycles-to-failure results against applied
should be applied in the same direction as the twist, unless the
tension on a semi-log plot, with cycles-to-failure on the log
yarn test specification gives different instructions.
axis. Guidance on presenting the results is given in AnnexA2.
9.5 Dry Testing—For dry testing, conduct the test in an
atmosphere with a relative humidity between 55 and 75% and 11. Report
a temperature between 16 and 25°C (61 and 77°F).
11.1 Report that the yarn-on-yarn abrasion resistance was
determined as directed in Test Method D6611.
9.6 Wet Testing—Forwettesting,placeabeakeroffreshtap
water at a temperature of between 16 and 25°C (61 and 77°F)
11.2 Report the following information for the laboratory
around the yarn such that the interwrapped region of the yarn
...
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