ASTM F2571-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Fitness Equipment
Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Fitness Equipment
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of these tests are to provide valid and repeatable methods for the evaluation of fitness equipment assembled and maintained according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Use of these test methods in conjunction with Specification F2276 is intended to maximize the reliability of fitness equipment design and reduce the risk of serious injury resulting from design deficiencies.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods specify procedures and apparatus used for testing and evaluating fitness equipment for compliance to Specification F2276. Both design and operational parameters will be evaluated. Where possible and applicable, accepted test methods from other recognized bodies will be used and referenced.
1.2 It is the intent of this standard to specify test methods for fitness products for use by individuals age 13 and above.
1.3 Requirements—Fitness Equipment is to be tested for all of the following parameters:
1.3.1 Stability.
1.3.2 Edge and Corner Sharpness.
1.3.3 Tube Ends and Holes.
1.3.4 Function of Adjustments and Locking Mechanisms.
1.3.5 Handgrip Design and Retention.
1.3.6 Foot Supports.
1.3.7 Load Development and Transmitting Systems.
1.3.8 Chain and Gear Drive Design.
1.3.9 Entrapment Zones and Guarding.
1.3.10 Loading:
1.3.10.1 Intrinsic Loading.
1.3.10.2 Extrinsic Loading.
1.3.10.3 Handlebar Loading.
1.3.10.4 Endurance Loading.
(1) Seat frame endurance loading.
1.3.11 Switch and switch actuation mechanism endurance.
1.3.12 Electrical Guarding.
1.3.13 Maximum Surface Temperature.
1.3.14 Documentation and Warnings Verification.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F2571 − 09 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of
Fitness Equipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2571; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The goal of these tests are to provide reliable and repeatable methods for the evaluation of fitness
equipment. The equipment users must recognize, however, that conformance to a standard will not
necessarily prevent injuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving fitness equipment
involves the risk of injury, particularly if the equipment is not maintained or used properly.
1. Scope 1.3.14 Documentation and Warnings Verification.
1.1 These test methods specify procedures and apparatus 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
used for testing and evaluating fitness equipment for compli- standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
ance to Specification F2276. Both design and operational
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
parameters will be evaluated. Where possible and applicable,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
accepted test methods from other recognized bodies will be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
used and referenced.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 Itistheintentofthisstandardtospecifytestmethodsfor
fitness products for use by individuals age 13 and above.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 Requirements—Fitness Equipment is to be tested for all
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of the following parameters:
F1749Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Fa-
1.3.1 Stability.
cility Safety Signage and Labels
1.3.2 Edge and Corner Sharpness.
F2276Specification for Fitness Equipment
1.3.3 Tube Ends and Holes.
2.2 European Standards:
1.3.4 Function of Adjustments and Locking Mechanisms.
EN 957-1Stationary Training Equipment - Part 1: General
1.3.5 Handgrip Design and Retention.
Safety Requirements and Test Methods
1.3.6 Foot Supports.
2.3 UL Standards:
1.3.7 Load Development and Transmitting Systems.
UL1439StandardforSafetyTestforSharpnessofEdgeson
1.3.8 Chain and Gear Drive Design.
Equipment
1.3.9 Entrapment Zones and Guarding.
UL 1647Motor-Operated Massage and Exercise Machines
1.3.10 Loading:
UL 60335 Standard for Safety of Household and Similar
1.3.10.1 Intrinsic Loading.
Electrical Appliances
1.3.10.2 Extrinsic Loading.
2.4 ANSI Standards:
1.3.10.3 Handlebar Loading.
ANSI B29.1Precision Power Transmission Roller Chains,
1.3.10.4 Endurance Loading.
Attachments and Sprockets
(1) Seat frame endurance loading.
1.3.11 Switch and switch actuation mechanism endurance.
1.3.12 Electrical Guarding. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1.3.13 Maximum Surface Temperature.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue de
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cenorm.be.
Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and are the direct responsibility Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd.,
of Subcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products. Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http://www.ul.com.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2009. Published December 2009. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/F2571-09. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2571 − 09
3. Terminology 6.2 The individual test methods will describe any variations
or modifications that are allowed or are required to the test
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
sample.
3.1.1 user means, n—portion of the fitness equipment that
the user operates to perform the desired function of the
7. Test Methods and Procedures
machine. Examples include handles, lifting arms and rollers.
7.1 Stability:
4. Significance and Use
7.1.1 Fitness equipment that is designed for the user to
4.1 The purpose of these tests are to provide valid and
maintain balance as part of its function is not required to meet
repeatable methods for the evaluation of fitness equipment the stability test (that is, a balance board is not tested for
assembled and maintained according to the manufacturer’s
stability).
specifications. Use of these test methods in conjunction with
7.1.2 Fitnessequipmentshallbetestedwithandwithoutthe
Specification F2276 is intended to maximize the reliability of
simulated user load in the orientation that is most obviously
fitness equipment design and reduce the risk of serious injury
unstable.
resulting from design deficiencies.
7.1.3 Apparatus and Set-Up—Refer to Fig. 1. Place sample
on a non-skid surface inclined at 10° in the orientation that is
5. Certification
least stable. The sample shall rest on the supporting surface
5.1 These test methods permit self-certification. It is recom- without anchoring unless the installation instructions for the
mended that each manufacturer employ an independent labo-
machinerequirethatthesamplebeanchoredtothefloor.Ifthis
ratory to evaluate and validate that their designs and test
is the case, then anchor the specimen per the manufacturer’s
procedures conform and comply to these test methods and
recommendations. Determine how the user is placed on the
Specification F2276.
machine to perform the exercise (that is, seated, standing, or
prone) and then determine how the user’s body weight is
6. Sample Preparation
distributed onto the user support surfaces. For the simulated
6.1 Assemble and adjust the fitness equipment according to use test, a method of applying a steady state load equal to the
the manufacturer’s instructions. On machines that are fully maximumspecifiedusersweightor100kg(220lb),whichever
assembled, verify according to the manufacturer’s instructions is greater, simulating the user’s weight and its distribution in
that all components are functioning and that they have been the vertical direction at the point(s) of user contact must be
adjusted and aligned properly. Unless otherwise stated, the provided. As an example, for a seated user, the user support
machinemustpassthetestswithoutadjustmentfromthisinitial surface shall be adjusted to the uppermost position (if adjust-
condition. able) and the center of gravity of the load shall be positioned
FIG. 1 Tilt Test Illustation Represents Testing the Verticle Knee Raise Station of this Device
F2571 − 09
approximatly 300 mm (12 in.) above the user support surface. 7.3.1 This test is a visual inspection of the sample to insure
Possible methods of providing this load include but are not that all corners in the accessible areas are radiused or cham-
limited to dead weights. fered.
7.3.2 Apparatus and Set-Up—The sample shall be set up as
7.1.4 Calibration—Using an angle measuring instrument
described in 6.1.
accurate to within 0.1°, verify the non skid surface is 10 6
7.3.3 Calibration—No calibration required. Visual inspec-
0.5°. Calibrate the load measurement apparatus to confirm
tion only.
accuracy to within 620 N (4.5 lb) at the specified load of the
7.3.4 Procedure—Inspect all corners to verify that the cor-
maximum specified user weight or 100 kg (220 lb), whichever
ners have been radiused or chamfered.
is greater.
7.3.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—All corners in the accessible area
7.1.5 Procedure—Test the sample as follows:
shall be radiused or chamfered.
7.1.5.1 If the equipment has a storage position that is
7.3.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
differentthantheuseposition,placeoradjustthemachineinto
about either the precision or bias of the test for evaluating
thatposition.Withthetiltsurfaceinclinedto10°verifythatthe
corners since the test result is non-quantitative.
sample does not tip over.
7.4 Tube Ends and Non-Functional Holes:
7.1.5.2 Repositionthesampleintotheuseposition.Withthe
7.4.1 Thistestisavisualinspectionoftheunittoinsurethat
sample machine [no user load applied] positioned on the tilt
alltubeendsandnon-functionalholesintheaccessibleareaare
surface verify that the sample does not tip over with the tilt
closed off. Holes smaller than 9.5 mm (0.37 in.) are excluded.
surface inclined to 10°.
Seat or other adjustment holes are exempt from this test.
7.1.5.3 Using an appropriate load apparatus such as dead
7.4.2 Apparatus and Set-Up—The sample shall be set up as
weights, distribute a vertical load equal to the maximum
described in 6.1.
specified user weight or 100 kg (220 lb), whichever is greater
7.4.3 Calibration—No calibration required. Visual inspec-
(65 %), in a non-impact manner to the specimen where the
tion only.
user contacts the machine during normal operation. [If only a
7.4.4 Procedure—Inspect all tube ends and surfaces in the
portion of the user’s body is supported by the machine during
accessibleareatoverifythattheendsandnon-functionalholes
operation, the simulated user weight shall be decreased by the
are closed off by other components, caps, plugs, or covers.
appropriate amount.] Raise and support any adjustable devices
7.4.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—All tube ends in the accessible
or other user means to simulate the furthest point in the range
area shall be closed off or the EN 957-1 test probe shall not be
of travel so that its orientation would cause the least stable
able to be inserted.
condition as encountered during normal operation as shown in
7.4.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
Fig. 1. Verify that the sample does not tip over.
about either the precision or bias of the test for evaluating tube
7.1.5.4 Repeat 7.1.5.1-7.1.5.3 with the sample oriented in
end closure since the test result is non-quantitative.
any other directions of potential instability.
7.5 Adjustment and Locking Mechanism Function:
7.1.6 Pass/Fail Criteria—In none of the above test condi-
7.5.1 This test is a visual and physical inspection of the
tions shall the sample tip over.
adjustment or locking mechanisms, or both, used throughout
7.1.7 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
the sample. The purpose is to insure that the design prevents
about either the precision or bias of the test for measuring
inadvertent disengagement, and that the adjustment or locking
stability since the test result is non-quantitative.
means do not interfere with the user’s operation of the
7.2 Edge Sharpness:
machine.
7.2.1 The purpose of this test is to verify that there are no 7.5.2 Apparatus and Set-Up—The sample shall be set up as
edges in the accessible area that would constitute a risk of
described in 6.1. Obtain instructions or a descriptive explana-
injury. Where there is uncertainty, a sharp-edge tester as
tion of the function of the adjustment or locking systems used
specified by UL 1439 is to be employed.
on the sample from the manufacturer.
7.5.3 Calibration—No calibration required. Visual and
7.2.2 Apparatus and Set-Up—The sample shall be set up as
function inspection only.
described in 6.1.
7.5.4 Procedure:
7.2.3 Calibration—Calibratesharp-edgetesterperUL1439.
7.5.4.1 Inspect each adjustment or locking point on the
7.2.4 Procedure—Examine the accessible areas by visual
samplemachineandensurethatitpositivelylocksintoposition
and tactile means to ensure all parts are burr-free, rounded or
and that it cannot be disengaged unless the retention system is
otherwise insufficiently sharp to constitute a risk of injury.
intentionally deactivated. Examples of positive retention de-
Wherever there may be uncertainty as to the sharpness of an
vices include, but are not limited to spring activated pins,
edge, use the edge tester and conduct the test per UL 1439.
clamps or eccentric assemblies. Verify that each adjustment
7.2.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—Use the pass fail criteria of UL
and locking mechanism has a functioning positive retention
1439 to determine if the sample passes this test.
device.
7.2.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
7.5.4.2 Perform the exercise as described in the operation
abouteithertheprecisionorbiasofthetestforevaluatingsharp
instructions and note the user’s body position relative to the
edges since the test result is non-quantitative.
adjustment or locking means. At no point during the user’s
7.3 Corner Sharpness: range of movement shall the adjustment or locking means
F2571 − 09
interfere or limit the movement of the user’s body. During this 7.7.1 Thistestisavisualandphysicalinspectionofthefoot
observation consider the effects of users of different size or support used on the sample. The purpose is to insure that the
body make up. foot support reduces slippage.
7.5.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—Retention or locking mechanisms
7.7.2 Apparatus and Set-Up—The sample shall be set up as
that do not function according to the instructions provided by
described in 6.1. A method of applying moisture to the foot
the manufacturer shall fail the test. Retention or locking
support surface, such as a spray bottle, shall be provided. The
mechanisms that interfere, or limit the movement of the user
evaluator shall be wearing appropriate exercise footwear when
during normal operation of the machine shall fail the test.
conducting this test.
7.5.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
7.7.3 Calibration—No calibration required. Visual and
about either the precision or bias of the test for evaluating
function inspection only.
adjustment/locking system design and function since the test
7.7.4 Procedure—Inspect the sample machine and deter-
result is non-quantitative.
mineifthefootsupportsonthemachineareslipresistantwhen
7.6 Handgrip Design and Retention:
dry.Spraythefootsupportsurfacewithwater.Allowthewater
7.6.1 This test is a visual and physical inspection of the
toremainonthesurfacefor5min.Resttheevaluator’sfooton
handgripsusedonthesample.Thepurposeistoinsurethatthe
the support surface. Reconfirm that the surface resists slippage
handgrip design maintains the user’s grip, remains in position
by attempting to slide your foot along the surface. An appli-
and, in the case of rotating handgrips, is retained against
cati
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