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ASTM D1157-91(2000)e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Total Inhibitor Content (TBC) of Light Hydrocarbons

Standard Test Method for Total Inhibitor Content (TBC) of Light Hydrocarbons

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total p-tertiary-butylcatechol inhibitor added to polymerization and recycle grades of butadiene or to other C 4 hydrocarbon mixtures containing no phenolic material other than catechol or no oxidized phenolic material other than that derived from oxidation of catechol. In general, all phenols and their quinone oxidation products are included in the calculated catechol content. Small amounts of polymer do not interfere. This test method is applicable over the range of TBC from 50 to 500 mg/kg.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-1999
ICS
71.080.01 - Organic chemicals in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.D0.04 - C4 and C5 Hydrocarbons
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D1157-91(2004) - Standard Test Method for Total Inhibitor Content (TBC) of Light Hydrocarbons
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5274-00(2019) - Standard Guide for Analysis of 1,3–Butadiene Product
Effective Date
01-Jan-2000

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ASTM D1157-91(2000)e1 - Standard Test Method for Total Inhibitor Content (TBC) of Light HydrocarbonsASTM D1157-91(2000)e1 - Standard Test Method for Total Inhibitor Content (TBC) of Light Hydrocarbons
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ASTM D1157-91(2000)e1 - Standard Test Method for Total Inhibitor Content (TBC) of Light Hydrocarbons
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
e1
Designation: D 1157 – 91 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Method for
Total Inhibitor Content (TBC) of Light Hydrocarbons
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1157; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Warning notes were placed in the text in November 2000.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total 4.1 p-tertiary-butylcatecholiscommonlyaddedtocommer-
p-tertiary-butylcatechol inhibitor added to polymerization and cial butadiene in amounts of 50 to 250 mg/kg as an oxidation
recycle grades of butadiene or to other C hydrocarbon inhibitor.Thistestmethodissuitableforusebybothproducers
mixturescontainingnophenolicmaterialotherthancatecholor and users of butadiene within the limitations described in the
no oxidized phenolic material other than that derived from scope.
oxidation of catechol. In general, all phenols and their quinone
5. Apparatus
oxidation products are included in the calculated catechol
5.1 Photometer—A sensitive photoelectric photometer ca-
content. Small amounts of polymer do not interfere. This test
method is applicable over the range of TBC from 50 to 500 pable of producing light of narrow spectral range that is
predominantly blue (425 nm).
mg/kg.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 5.2 Graduates, 100-mL.
5.3 Volumetric Flasks, 100-mL; or stoppered graduated
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for infor-
mation only. mixing cylinder, 100-mL.
5.4 Erlenmeyer Flasks, 250-mL.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.5 Funnels, 75-mm diameter.
5.6 Pipet, 5-mL.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6. Reagents
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
2. Referenced Documents
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
2.1 ASTM Standards: all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquified Petroleum (LP)
Gases where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
3. Summary of Test Method
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
3.1 The catechol is separated from the butadiene by evapo- accuracy of the determination.
ration.Theresidueisdissolvedinwaterandanexcessofferric 6.2 Purity of Water—References to water shall be under-
chloride is added.The intensity of the yellow-colored complex stood to mean distilled water.
is compared in a photoelectric colorimeter with that produced 6.3 Ferric Chloride, Standard Solution—Dissolve20.0gof
by known concentrations of the catechol. ferric chloride (FeCl ·6H O) in ethanol (95%).Add 9.2 mLof
3 2
HCl (sp gr 1.19), and then dilute with ethanol (95%) to 1000
mL in a volumetric flask.
6.4 p-Tertiary-Butylcatechol, Standard—(Warning—
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Potentially hazardous. May cause skin irritation or burns; can
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04 on C Hydrocarbons.
Current edition approved March 15, 1991. Published May 1991. Originally
published as D1157–51. Last previous edition D1157–84. Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
This method was derived from the method developed and cooperatively tested Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
by the Butadiene Producers’ Committee on Specifications and Methods ofAnalysis listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
oftheOfficeofRubberReserve,whichappearsintheButadieneLaboratoryManual Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
as Method 2.1.9.1. and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 1157
be absorbed through the skin. May be harmful or fatal if and filter through a rapid, hardened, low-ash paper that has
swallowed. Avoid contact with eyes; may burn and impair previously been moistened. Repeat with two more 30-mL
vision. May be harmful to respiratory system. May produce portions of water. Combine all filtrates, add from a pipet 5.0 6
quinonesandflammablebutylenesondecomposition.Usewith 0.1 mLof standard FeCl solution, dilute to 100 mL, and mix
adequate ventilation. Store in flammable liquids storage area.) well.
Dissolve 0.63 g of p-tertiary-butylcatechol (95% minimum 9.2 Measurement of Sample—After the addition of the
purity)in10mLofethanol(95%)anddilutewithwaterto100 FeCl reagent,allowthesolutiontostandforfrom5to15min;
mLinavolumetricflask.Whenusedinplaceof100mL(63g) then measure the absorbance of the solution by means of a
ofsample,consider1.00mLofthissolutiontobeequivalentto photoelectric photometer, using water as a
...

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4.1 p-tertiary-butylcatechol is commonly added to commercial butadiene in amounts of 50 mg/kg to 250 mg/kg as an oxidation inhibitor. This test method is suitable for use by both producers and users of butadiene within the limitations described in Section 1.
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5.1 This test method is one of a number of tests conducted on heavy hydrocarbon mixtures to characterize these materials for a refiner or a purchaser. It provides an estimate of the yields of fractions of various boiling ranges.  
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1.1 This test method covers the procedure for distillation of heavy hydrocarbon mixtures having initial boiling points greater than 150 °C (300 °F), such as heavy crude oils, petroleum distillates, residues, and synthetic mixtures. It employs a potstill with a low pressure drop entrainment separator operated under total takeoff conditions. Distillation conditions and equipment performance criteria are specified and typical apparatus is illustrated.  
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 For specific hazard information and guidance, consult the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in this test method.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E659-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Chemicals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Autoignition, by its very nature, is dependent on the chemical and physical properties of the material and the method and apparatus employed for its determination. The autoignition temperature by a given method does not necessarily represent the minimum temperature at which a given material will self-ignite in air. The volume of the vessel used is particularly important since lower autoignition temperatures will be achieved in larger vessels. (See Appendix X2.) Vessel material can also be an important factor.  
5.2 The temperatures determined by this test method are those at which air oxidation leads to ignition. These temperatures can be expected to vary with the test pressure and oxygen concentration.  
5.3 This test method is not designed for evaluating materials which are capable of exothermic decomposition. For such materials, ignition is dependent upon the thermal and kinetic properties of the decomposition, the mass of the sample, and the heat transfer characteristics of the system.  
5.4 This test method can be employed for solid chemicals which melt and vaporize or which readily sublime at the test temperature. No condensed phase, liquid or solid, should be present when ignition occurs.  
5.5 This test method is not designed to measure the autoignition temperature of materials which are solids or liquids at the test temperature (for example, wood, paper, cotton, plastics, and high-boiling point chemicals). Such materials will thermally degrade in the flask and the accumulated degradation products may ignite.  
5.6 This test method can be used, with appropriate modifications, for chemicals that are gaseous at atmospheric temperature and pressure.  
5.7 This test method was developed primarily for liquid chemicals but has been employed to test readily vaporized solids. Responsibility for extension of this test method to solids of unknown thermal stability, boiling point, or degradation characteristics rests with the operator.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of hot- and cool-flame autoignition temperatures of a liquid chemical in air at atmospheric pressure in a uniformly heated vessel.  
Note 1: Within certain limitations, this test method can also be used to determine the autoignition temperature of solid chemicals which readily melt and vaporize at temperatures below the test temperature and for chemicals that are gaseous at atmospheric pressure and temperature.
Note 2: After a round robin study, Test Method D2155 was discontinued, and replaced by Test Method E659 in 1978. See also Appendix X2.  
1.2 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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