D02.D0.04 - C4 and C5 Hydrocarbons

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to determine if there is any heavy material in the butadiene. It is possible that these materials could be deleterious to a polymerization reaction.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of nonvolatile material in polymerization-grade butadiene.  
1.2 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Due to the inherent danger of peroxides in butadiene, specification limits are usually set for their presence. This test method will provide values that can be used to determine the peroxide content of a sample of commercial butadiene.  
4.2 Butadiene polyperoxide is a very dangerous product of the reaction between butadiene and oxygen that can occur. The peroxide has been reported to be the cause of some violent explosions in vessels that are used to store butadiene.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of peroxides in butadiene.  
1.2 This test method covers the concentrations range of 1 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg as available oxygen.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The determination of the carbonyl content of polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene is necessary, since in some polymerization reactions, the presence of carbonyls in excess over some specified amount can have a deleterious effect upon the polymer properties or the reaction itself, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of carbonyls (ketones and aldehydes) in C4 hydrocarbons. This test method was tested on polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene.  
1.2 The applicable range for this test method is 0 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg carbonyls calculated as acetaldehyde.  
1.3 Other C4 hydrocarbons and their mixtures besides polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene could be tested using this same test method. However, the precision section of this test method covers only carbonyls in applicable range as listed in 1.2, as found in polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene.  
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are used to determine trace amounts of volatile chlorides in butane-butene mixtures. Such information is valuable in cases where chloride is deleterious in the use of this product; also, chloride contributes to corrosion problems in processing units in instances where further processing of this material is involved.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the total volatile organic chlorides in concentrations from 10 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg in butane-butene mixtures. The amperometric finish is not directly applicable in the presence of other substances that combine with silver ion or oxidize chloride ion in dilute acid solution. Bromides, sulfides, ammonia, tobacco smoke, and more than 25 μg of hydrogen peroxide in the test solution interfere in the spectrophotometric procedure.  
1.2 Dissolved sodium chloride is not quantitatively determined using these test methods.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.   Specific warning statements are given in Sections 5, 8, 11, 14, 19, and Annex A1.  
1.4.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of oxygenates is important in the manufacture of ethene, propene, 1-3 butadiene, C4 hydrocarbons, and C5 hydrocarbons. Alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and ketones are trace impurities in these hydrocarbons. Oxygenates decrease catalyst activity in downstream polymerization processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of organic oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 matrices by multidimensional gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. This test method is applicable when the hydrocarbon matrices have a final boiling point not greater than 200 °C. Oxygenate compounds include, but are not limited to, those listed in Table 1. The linear working range for oxygenates is 0.50 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg.  
1.2 This test method is intended to determine the mass concentration of each oxygenate in the hydrocarbon matrix. Oxygenate compound identification is determined by reference standards and column elution retention order.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities. The eLearning training course “Liquefied Petroleum Gases Sampling Safety” is available on the ASTM.org website.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Butadiene dimer and styrene may be present as impurities in commercial butadiene. This test method is suitable for use in internal quality control and in establishing product specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of butadiene dimer (4-vinylcyclohexene-1) and styrene in butadiene concentrates, both recycle and specification grade.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific precautionary statements see Sections 6 and 8.  
1.3.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 p-tertiary-butylcatechol is commonly added to commercial butadiene in amounts of 50 mg/kg to 250 mg/kg as an oxidation inhibitor. This test method is suitable for use by both producers and users of butadiene within the limitations described in Section 1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total p-tertiary-butylcatechol inhibitor added to polymerization and recycle grades of butadiene or to other C4 hydrocarbon mixtures containing no phenolic material other than catechol or no oxidized phenolic material other than that derived from oxidation of catechol. In general, all phenols and their quinone oxidation products are included in the calculated catechol content. Small amounts of polymer do not interfere. This test method is applicable over the range of TBC from 50 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The trace hydrocarbon compounds listed can have an effect in the commercial use of butadiene. This test method is suitable for use in process quality control and in setting specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of butadiene-1,3 purity and impurities such as propane, propylene, isobutane, n-butane, butene-1, isobutylene, propadiene, trans-butene-2, cis-butene-2, butadiene-1,2, pentadiene-1,4, and, methyl, dimethyl, ethyl, and vinyl acetylene in polymerization grade butadiene by gas chromatography. Impurities including butadiene dimer, carbonyls, inhibitor, and residue are measured by appropriate ASTM procedures and the results used to normalize the component distribution obtained by chromatography.  
Note 1: Other impurities present in commercial butadiene must be calibrated and analyzed. Other impurities were not tested in the cooperative work on this test method.
Note 2: This test method can be used to check for pentadiene-1,4 and other C5s instead of Test Method D1088.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 6.1 and 9.3.  
1.3.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to provide information on the possible composition of 1,3-butadiene products and possible ways to test them. Since there are currently not enough ASTM standards for determining all components of interest, this guide provides information on other potentially available test methods.  
4.2 Although this guide is not to be used for specifications, it can provide a starting point for parties to develop mutually agreed-upon specifications that meet their respective requirements. It can also be used as a starting point in finding suitable test methods for 1,3-butadiene components.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the analysis of 1,3–butadiene products produced in North America. It includes possible components and test methods, both ASTM and other, either actually used or believed to be in use, to test for these components. This guide is not intended to be used or construed as a set of specifications for butadiene products.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to determine if there is any heavy material in the butadiene. It is possible that these materials could be deleterious to a polymerization reaction.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of nonvolatile material in polymerization-grade butadiene.  
1.2 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 p-tertiary-butylcatechol is commonly added to commercial butadiene in amounts of 50 mg/kg to 250 mg/kg as an oxidation inhibitor. This test method is suitable for use by both producers and users of butadiene within the limitations described in Section 1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total p-tertiary-butylcatechol inhibitor added to polymerization and recycle grades of butadiene or to other C4 hydrocarbon mixtures containing no phenolic material other than catechol or no oxidized phenolic material other than that derived from oxidation of catechol. In general, all phenols and their quinone oxidation products are included in the calculated catechol content. Small amounts of polymer do not interfere. This test method is applicable over the range of TBC from 50 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Butadiene dimer and styrene may be present as impurities in commercial butadiene. This test method is suitable for use in internal quality control and in establishing product specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of butadiene dimer (4-vinylcyclohexene-1) and styrene in butadiene concentrates, both recycle and specification grade.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Sections 6 and 8.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The trace hydrocarbon compounds listed can have an effect in the commercial use of butadiene. This test method is suitable for use in process quality control and in setting specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of butadiene-1,3 purity and impurities such as propane, propylene, isobutane, n-butane, butene-1, isobutylene, propadiene, trans-butene-2, cis-butene-2, butadiene-1,2, pentadiene-1,4, and, methyl, dimethyl, ethyl, and vinyl acetylene in polymerization grade butadiene by gas chromatography. Impurities including butadiene dimer, carbonyls, inhibitor, and residue are measured by appropriate ASTM procedures and the results used to normalize the component distribution obtained by chromatography.  
Note 1: Other impurities present in commercial butadiene must be calibrated and analyzed. Other impurities were not tested in the cooperative work on this test method.
Note 2: This test method can be used to check for pentadiene-1,4 and other C5s instead of Test Method D1088.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1 and 9.3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are used to determine trace amounts of volatile chlorides in butane-butene mixtures. Such information is valuable in cases where chloride is deleterious in the use of this product; also, chloride contributes to corrosion problems in processing units in instances where further processing of this material is involved.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the total volatile organic chlorides in concentrations from 10 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg in butane-butene mixtures. The amperometric finish is not directly applicable in the presence of other substances that combine with silver ion or oxidize chloride ion in dilute acid solution. Bromides, sulfides, ammonia, tobacco smoke, and more than 25 μg of hydrogen peroxide in the test solution interfere in the spectrophotometric procedure.  
1.2 Dissolved sodium chloride is not quantitatively determined using these test methods.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Sections 5, 8, 11, 14, 19, and Annex A1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Due to the inherent danger of peroxides in butadiene, specification limits are usually set for their presence. This test method will provide values that can be used to determine the peroxide content of a sample of commercial butadiene.  
4.2 Butadiene polyperoxide is a very dangerous product of the reaction between butadiene and oxygen that can occur. The peroxide has been reported to be the cause of some violent explosions in vessels that are used to store butadiene.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of peroxides in butadiene.  
1.2 This test method covers the concentrations range of 1 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg as available oxygen.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of oxygenates is important in the manufacture of ethene, propene, 1-3 butadiene, C4 hydrocarbons, and C5 hydrocarbons. Alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and ketones are trace impurities in these hydrocarbons. Oxygenates decrease catalyst activity in downstream polymerization processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of organic oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 matrices by multidimensional gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. This test method is applicable when the hydrocarbon matrices have a final boiling point not greater than 200 °C. Oxygenate compounds include, but are not limited to, those listed in Table 1. The linear working range for oxygenates is 0.50 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg.
TABLE 1 Oxygenates and Typical Retention Times    
Components  
Retention Time (min)  
Dimethyl ether  
6.18  
Diethyl ether  
8.44  
Acetaldehyde  
8.89  
Ethyl tert-butyl ether  
10.66  
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)  
10.92  
Diisopropyl ether  
11.22  
Propionaldehyde (Propanal)  
12.00  
Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME)  
13.19  
Propyl ether  
14.00  
Isobutylaldehyde  
14.10  
Butylaldehyde  
14.50  
Methanol  
14.91  
Acetone  
15.39  
Isovaleraldehyde  
16.00  
Valeraldehyde  
16.10  
2-Butanone (MEK)  
17.14  
Ethanol  
17.51  
N-propyl alcohol and isopropanol  
19.20 (co-elution)  
Allyl Alcohol  
20.00  
Isobutanol, Tert-butyl alcohol, Sec-Butanol  
20.24 (co-elution)  
N-butanol  
20.84  
1.2 This test method is intended to determine the mass concentration of each oxygenate in the hydrocarbon matrix. Oxygenate compound identification is determined by reference standards and column elution retention order.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of oxygenates is important in the manufacture of ethene, propene, 1-3 butadiene, C4 hydrocarbons, and C5 hydrocarbons. Alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and ketones are trace impurities in these hydrocarbons. Oxygenates decrease catalyst activity in downstream polymerization processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of organic oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 matrices by multidimensional gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. This test method is applicable when the hydrocarbon matrices have a final boiling point not greater than 200 °C. Oxygenate compounds include, but are not limited to, those listed in Table 1. The linear working range for oxygenates is 0.50 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg.  
1.2 This test method is intended to determine the mass concentration of each oxygenate in the hydrocarbon matrix. Oxygenate compound identification is determined by reference standards and column elution retention order.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of oxygenates is important in the manufacture of ethene, propene, 1-3 butadiene, C4 hydrocarbons, and C5 hydrocarbons. Alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and ketones are trace impurities in these hydrocarbons. Oxygenates decrease catalyst activity in downstream polymerization processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of organic oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 matrices by multidimensional gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. This test method is applicable when the hydrocarbon matrices have a final boiling point not greater than 200 °C. Oxygenate compounds include, but are not limited to, those listed in Table 1. The linear working range for oxygenates is 0.50 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg.  
1.2 This test method is intended to determine the mass concentration of each oxygenate in the hydrocarbon matrix. Oxygenate compound identification is determined by reference standards and column elution retention order.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of oxygenates is important in the manufacture of ethene, propene, 1-3 butadiene, C4 hydrocarbons, and C5 hydrocarbons. Alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and ketones are trace impurities in these hydrocarbons. Oxygenates decrease catalyst activity in downstream polymerization processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of organic oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 matrices by multidimensional gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. This test method is applicable when the hydrocarbon matrices have a final boiling point not greater than 200 °C. Oxygenate compounds include, but are not limited to, those listed in Table 1. The linear working range for oxygenates is 0.50 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg.  
1.2 This test method is intended to determine the mass concentration of each oxygenate in the hydrocarbon matrix. Oxygenate compound identification is determined by reference standards and column elution retention order.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The determination of the carbonyl content of polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene is necessary, since in some polymerization reactions, the presence of carbonyls in excess over some specified amount can have a deleterious effect upon the polymer properties or the reaction itself, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of carbonyls (ketones and aldehydes) in C4 hydrocarbons. This test method was tested on polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene.  
1.2 The applicable range for this test method is 0 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg carbonyls calculated as acetaldehyde.  
1.3 Other C4 hydrocarbons and their mixtures besides polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene could be tested using this same test method. However, the precision section of this test method covers only carbonyls in applicable range as listed in 1.2, as found in polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene.  
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to determine if there is any heavy material in the butadiene. It is possible that these materials could be deleterious to a polymerization reaction.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of nonvolatile material in polymerization-grade butadiene.  
1.2 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Due to the inherent danger of peroxides in butadiene, specification limits are usually set for their presence. This test method will provide values that can be used to determine the peroxide content of a sample of commercial butadiene.  
4.2 Butadiene polyperoxide is a very dangerous product of the reaction between butadiene and oxygen that can occur. The peroxide has been reported to be the cause of some violent explosions in vessels that are used to store butadiene.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of peroxides in butadiene.  
1.2 This test method covers the concentrations range of 1 to 10 ppm by mass (ppmw) as available oxygen.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of oxygenates is important in the manufacture of ethene, propene, 1-3 butadiene, C4 hydrocarbons, and C5 hydrocarbons. Alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and ketones are trace impurities in these hydrocarbons. Oxygenates decrease catalyst activity in downstream polymerization processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of organic oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 matrices by multidimensional gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. This test method is applicable when the hydrocarbon matrices have a final boiling point not greater than 200°C. Oxygenate compounds include, but are not limited to, those listed in Table 1. The linear working range for oxygenates is 0.50 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg.  
1.2 This test method is intended to determine the mass concentration of each oxygenate in the hydrocarbon matrix. Oxygenate compound identification is determined by reference standards and column elution retention order.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to provide information on the possible composition of 1,3-butadiene products and possible ways to test them. Since there are currently not enough ASTM standards for determining all components of interest, this guide provides information on other potentially available test methods.  
4.2 Although this guide is not to be used for specifications, it can provide a starting point for parties to develop mutually agreed-upon specifications that meet their respective requirements. It can also be used as a starting point in finding suitable test methods for 1,3-butadiene components.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the analysis of 1,3–butadiene products produced in North America. It includes possible components and test methods, both ASTM and other, either actually used or believed to be in use, to test for these components. This guide is not intended to be used or construed as a set of specifications for butadiene products.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Butadiene dimer and styrene may be present as impurities in commercial butadiene. This test method is suitable for use in internal quality control and in establishing product specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of butadiene dimer (4-vinylcyclohexene-1) and styrene in butadiene concentrates, both recycle and specification grade.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Sections 6 and 8.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 p-tertiary-butylcatechol is commonly added to commercial butadiene in amounts of 50 to 250 mg/kg as an oxidation inhibitor. This test method is suitable for use by both producers and users of butadiene within the limitations described in Section 1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total p-tertiary-butylcatechol inhibitor added to polymerization and recycle grades of butadiene or to other C4 hydrocarbon mixtures containing no phenolic material other than catechol or no oxidized phenolic material other than that derived from oxidation of catechol. In general, all phenols and their quinone oxidation products are included in the calculated catechol content. Small amounts of polymer do not interfere. This test method is applicable over the range of TBC from 50 to 500 mg/kg.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are used to determine trace amounts of volatile chlorides in butane-butene mixtures. Such information is valuable in cases where chloride is deleterious in the use of this product; also, chloride contributes to corrosion problems in processing units in instances where further processing of this material is involved.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the total volatile organic chlorides in concentrations from 10 to 100 ppm in butane-butene mixtures. The amperometric finish is not directly applicable in the presence of other substances that combine with silver ion or oxidize chloride ion in dilute acid solution. Bromides, sulfides, ammonia, tobacco smoke, and more than 25 μg of hydrogen peroxide in the test solution interfere in the spectrophotometric procedure.  
1.2 Dissolved sodium chloride is not quantitatively determined using these test methods.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Sections 5, 8, 11, 14, 19, and Annex A1.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The trace hydrocarbon compounds listed can have an effect in the commercial use of butadiene. This test method is suitable for use in process quality control and in setting specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of butadiene-1,3 purity and impurities such as propane, propylene, isobutane, n-butane, butene-1, isobutylene, propadiene, trans-butene-2, cis -butene-2, butadiene-1,2, pentadiene-1,4, and, methyl, dimethyl, ethyl, and vinyl acetylene in polymerization grade butadiene by gas chromatography. Impurities including butadiene dimer, carbonyls, inhibitor, and residue are measured by appropriate ASTM procedures and the results used to normalize the component distribution obtained by chromatography.  
Note 1: Other impurities present in commercial butadiene must be calibrated and analyzed. Other impurities were not tested in the cooperative work on this test method.
Note 2: This test method can be used to check for pentadiene-1,4 and other C5s instead of Test Method D1088.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1 and 9.3.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to determine if there is any heavy material in the butadiene. It is possible that these materials could be deleterious to a polymerization reaction.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of nonvolatile material in polymerization-grade butadiene.
1.2 WARNING Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s websitehttp://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The determination of the carbonyl content of polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene is necessary, since in some polymerization reactions, the presence of carbonyls in excess over some specified amount can have a deleterious effect upon the polymer properties or the reaction itself, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of carbonyls (ketones and aldehydes) in C4 hydrocarbons. This test method was tested on polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene.
1.2 The applicable range for this test method is 0 to 50 mg/kg carbonyls calculated as acetaldehyde.
1.3 Other C4 hydrocarbons and their mixtures besides polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene could be tested using this same test method. However, the precision section of this test method covers only carbonyls in applicable range as listed in 1.2, as found in polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene.
1.4 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s websitehttp://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method could be used to determine butylene stream composition for custody transfer payments. It is also capable of providing data necessary to evaluate processing requirements in an operating plant.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic analysis of commercial butylenes, butylene concentrates, and butane-butylene mixtures.
1.2 This test method does not cover high-purity butene-1 or high-purity isobutene streams, or both. However, it is possible that one or more columns listed in Appendix X3 may be capable of the separation necessary for high-purity analyses.
1.3 This test method is designed to cover the components listed below at about 0.05 % or greater. It is not intended for trace hydrocarbon analysis. Components to be determined are: propane, propylene, isobutane,  n-butane, butene-1, isobutene,  trans-butene-2,  cis-butene-2, 1,3-butadiene, isopentane,  n-pentane.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 5.3.1.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The determination of oxygenates is important in the manufacture of ethene, propene, 1-3 butadiene, C4 hydrocarbons, and C5 hydrocarbons. Alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and ketones are trace impurities in these hydrocarbons. Oxygenates decrease catalyst activity in downstream polymerization processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of organic oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 matrices by multidimensional gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. This test method is applicable when the hydrocarbon matrices have a final boiling point not greater than 200°C. Oxygenate compounds include, but are not limited to, those listed in Table 1. The linear working range for oxygenates is 0.50 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg.
1.2 This test method is intended to determine the mass concentration of each oxygenate in the hydrocarbon matrix. Oxygenate compound identification is determined by reference standards and column elution retention order.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
TABLE 1 Oxygenates and Typical Retention Times  ComponentsRetention Time (min) Dimethyl ether6.18 Diethyl ether8.44 Acetaldehyde8.89 Ethyl tert-butyl ether10.66 Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)10.92 Diisopropyl ether11.22 Propionaldehyde (Propanal)12.00 Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME)13.19 Propyl ether14.00 Isobutylaldehyde14.10 Butylaldehyde14.50 Methanol14.91 Acetone15.39 Isovaleraldehyde16.00 Valeraldehyde16.10 2-Butanone (MEK)17.14 Ethanol17.51 N-propyl alcohol and isopropanol19.20 (co-elution) Allyl Alcohol20.00 Isobutanol, Tert-butyl alcohol, Sec-Butanol20.24 (co-elution) N-butanol20.84

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended to provide information on the possible composition of 1,3-butadiene products and possible ways to test them. Since there are currently not enough ASTM standards for determining all components of interest, this guide provides information on other potentially available test methods.
Although this guide is not to be used for specifications, it can provide a starting point for parties to develop mutually agreed-upon specifications that meet their respective requirements. It can also be used as a starting point in finding suitable test methods for 1,3-butadiene components.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the analysis of 1,3–butadiene products produced in North America. It includes possible components and test methods, both ASTM and other, either actually used or believed to be in use, to test for these components. This guide is not intended to be used or construed as a set of specifications for butadiene products.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Butadiene dimer and styrene may be present as impurities in commercial butadiene. This test method is suitable for use in internal quality control and in establishing product specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of butadiene dimer (4-vinylcyclohexene-1) and styrene in butadiene concentrates, both recycle and specification grade.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Sections 6 and 8.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
p-tertiary-butylcatechol is commonly added to commercial butadiene in amounts of 50 to 250 mg/kg as an oxidation inhibitor. This test method is suitable for use by both producers and users of butadiene within the limitations described in Section 1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total p-tertiary-butylcatechol inhibitor added to polymerization and recycle grades of butadiene or to other C4 hydrocarbon mixtures containing no phenolic material other than catechol or no oxidized phenolic material other than that derived from oxidation of catechol. In general, all phenols and their quinone oxidation products are included in the calculated catechol content. Small amounts of polymer do not interfere. This test method is applicable over the range of TBC from 50 to 500 mg/kg.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Due to the inherent danger of peroxides in butadiene, specification limits are usually set for their presence. This test method will provide values that can be used to determine the peroxide content of a sample of commercial butadiene.
Butadiene polyperoxide is a very dangerous product of the reaction between butadiene and oxygen that can occur. The peroxide has been reported to be the cause of some violent explosions in vessels that are used to store butadiene.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of peroxides in butadiene.
1.2 This test method covers the concentrations range of 1 to 10 ppm by mass (ppmw) as available oxygen.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are used to determine trace amounts of volatile chlorides in butane-butene mixtures. Such information is valuable in cases where chloride is deleterious in the use of this product; also, chloride contributes to corrosion problems in processing units in instances where further processing of this material is involved.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the total volatile organic chlorides in concentrations from 10 to 100 ppm in butane-butene mixtures. The amperometric finish is not directly applicable in the presence of other substances that combine with silver ion or oxidize chloride ion in dilute acid solution. Bromides, sulfides, ammonia, tobacco smoke, and more than 25 μg of hydrogen peroxide in the test solution interfere in the spectrophotometric procedure.
1.2 Dissolved sodium chloride is not quantitatively determined using these test methods.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Sections 5, 8, 11, 14, 19, and Annex A1.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The trace hydrocarbon compounds listed can have an effect in the commercial use of butadiene. This test method is suitable for use in process quality control and in setting specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of butadiene-1,3 purity and impurities such as propane, propylene, isobutane, n-butane, butene-1, isobutylene, propadiene, trans-butene-2, cis-butene-2, butadiene-1,2, pentadiene-1,4, and, methyl, dimethyl, ethyl, and vinyl acetylene in polymerization grade butadiene by gas chromatography. Impurities including butadiene dimer, carbonyls, inhibitor, and residue are measured by appropriate ASTM procedures and the results used to normalize the component distribution obtained by chromatography.
Note 1—Other impurities present in commercial butadiene must be calibrated and analyzed. Other impurities were not tested in the cooperative work on this test method.
Note 2—This test method can be used to check for pentadiene-1,4 and other C5s instead of Test Method .  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1 and 9.3.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The determination of the carbonyl content of polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene is necessary, since in some polymerization reactions, the presence of carbonyls in excess over some specified amount can have a deleterious effect upon the polymer properties or the reaction itself, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of carbonyls (ketones and aldehydes) in C4 hydrocarbons. This test method was tested on polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene.
1.2 The applicable range for this test method is 0 to 50 mg/kg carbonyls calculated as acetaldehyde.
1.3 Other C4 hydrocarbons and their mixtures besides polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene could be tested using this same test method. However, the precision section of this test method covers only carbonyls in applicable range as listed in , as found in polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended to provide information on the possible composition of 1,3-butadiene products and possible ways to test them. Since there are currently not enough ASTM standards for determining all components of interest, this guide provides information on other potentially available test methods.
Although this guide is not to be used for specifications, it can provide a starting point for parties to develop mutually agreed-upon specifications that meet their respective requirements. It can also be used as a starting point in finding suitable test methods for 1,3-butadiene components.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the analysis of 1,3-butadiene products produced in North America. It includes possible components and test methods, both ASTM and other, either actually used or believed to be in use, to test for these components. This guide is not intended to be used or construed as a set of specifications for butadiene products.
1.2 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are used to determine trace amounts of volatile chlorides in butane-butene mixtures. Such information is valuable in cases where chloride is deleterious in the use of this product; also, chloride contributes to corrosion problems in processing units in instances where further processing of this material is involved.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the total volatile organic chlorides in concentrations from 10 to 100 ppm in butane-butene mixtures. The amperometric finish is not directly applicable in the presence of other substances that combine with silver ion or oxidize chloride ion in dilute acid solution. Bromides, sulfides, ammonia, tobacco smoke, and more than 25 µg of hydrogen peroxide in the test solution interfere in the spectrophotometric procedure.
1.2 Dissolved sodium chloride is not quantitatively determined using these test methods.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Sections 5, 8, 11, 14, 19, and Annex A1.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Due to the inherent danger of peroxides in butadiene, specification limits are usually set for their presence. This test method will provide values that can be used to determine the peroxide content of a sample of commercial butadiene.
Butadiene polyperoxide is a very dangerous product of the reaction between butadiene and oxygen that can occur. The peroxide has been reported to be the cause of some violent explosions in vessels that are used to store butadiene.
SCOPE
1.1 This procedure covers the determination of peroxides in butadiene.
1.2 This test method covers the concentrations range of 1 to 10 ppm by mass (ppmw) as available oxygen.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
p-tertiary-butylcatechol is commonly added to commercial butadiene in amounts of 50 to 250 mg/kg as an oxidation inhibitor. This test method is suitable for use by both producers and users of butadiene within the limitations described in Section 1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total p-tertiary-butylcatechol inhibitor added to polymerization and recycle grades of butadiene or to other C4 hydrocarbon mixtures containing no phenolic material other than catechol or no oxidized phenolic material other than that derived from oxidation of catechol. In general, all phenols and their quinone oxidation products are included in the calculated catechol content. Small amounts of polymer do not interfere. This test method is applicable over the range of TBC from 50 to 500 mg/kg.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The trace hydrocarbon compounds listed can have an effect in the commercial use of butadiene. This test method is suitable for use in process quality control and in setting specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of butadiene-1,3 purity and impurities such as propane, propylene, isobutane, n-butane, butene-1, isobutylene, propadiene, trans-butene-2, cis-butene-2, butadiene-1,2, pentadiene-1,4, and, methyl, dimethyl, ethyl, and vinyl acetylene in polymerization grade butadiene by gas chromatography. Impurities including butadiene dimer, carbonyls, inhibitor, and residue are measured by appropriate ASTM procedures and the results used to normalize the component distribution obtained by chromatography.
Note 1—Other impurities present in commercial butadiene must be calibrated and analyzed. Other impurities were not tested in the cooperative work on this test method.
Note 2—This test method can be used to check for pentadiene-1,4 and other C5s instead of Test Method D1088.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 6.1 and 9.3

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to determine if there is any heavy material in the butadiene. It is possible that these materials could be deleterious to a polymerization reaction.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of nonvolatile material in polymerization-grade butadiene.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Butadiene dimer and styrene may be present as impurities in commercial butadiene. This test method is suitable for use in internal quality control and in establishing product specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of butadiene dimer (4-vinylcyclohexene-1) and styrene in butadiene concentrates, both recycle and specification grade.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Sections 6 and 8.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method could be used to determine butylene stream composition for custody transfer payments. It is also capable of providing data necessary to evaluate processing requirements in an operating plant.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic analysis of commercial butylenes, butylene concentrates, and butane-butylene mixtures.  
1.2 This test method does not cover high-purity butene-1 or high-purity isobutene streams, or both. However, it is possible that one or more columns listed in Appendix X1 may be capable of the separation necessary for high-purity analyses.  
1.3 This test method is designed to cover the components listed below at about 0.05% or greater. It is not intended for trace hydrocarbon analysis. Components to be determined are: propane, propylene, isobutane, n-butane, butene-1, isobutene, trans -butene-2, cis -butene-2, 1,3-butadiene, isopentane, n-pentane.  
1.4 The values stated in S1units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.
1.5  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 5.3.1.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic analysis of commercial butylenes, butylene concentrates, and butane-butylene mixtures.  
1.2 This test method does not cover high-purity butene-1 or high-purity isobutene streams, or both. However, it is possible that one or more columns listed in Appendix X1 may be capable of the separation necessary for high-purity analyses.  
1.3 This test method is designed to cover the components listed below at about 0.05% or greater. It is not intended for trace hydrocarbon analysis. Components to be determined are: propane, propylene, isobutane, n-butane, butene-1, isobutene, trans -butene-2, cis -butene-2, 1,3-butadiene, isopentane, n-pentane.  
1.4 The values stated in S1units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.
1.5  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 5.3.1.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of carbonyls (ketones and aldehydes) in C4 hydrocarbons. This test method was tested on polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene.  
1.2 The applicable range for this test method is 0 to 50 mg/kg carbonyls calculated as acetaldehyde.  
1.3 Other C4 hydrocarbons and their mixtures besides polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene could be tested using this same test method. However, the precision section of this test method covers only carbonyls in applicable range as listed in 1.2, as found in polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of nonvolatile material in polymerization-grade butadiene.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.