ASTM C371-09(2014)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
Standard Test Method for Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Sieve analyses are carried out to determine the particle size distribution of powders which, in turn, are used to qualify those materials as to their usefulness in the process under consideration. Since particle size analyses have only relative significance, the results should be considered only where they correlate with process characteristics. The parameter that is being measured in this test is the amount of material that will pass through a cloth having theoretically square openings. It must be remembered that all the holes are not square, nor uniform in size, and the question of whether a given particle will go through is a statistical one. Since each particle size analysis method measures a unique physical parameter, the results from one method may not agree with those from another. Particle size distributions play a role in such properties as bulk density, dustiness, and handling characteristics. Care should be taken, however, when interpretations are made from one or two points (sieves) on the distribution curve.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size distribution of nonplastic ceramic powders such as alumina, silica, feldspar, pyrophyllite, nepheline syenite, talc, titanates, and zircon using wire cloth sieves.
1.2 Materials containing a large amount of fines, containing agglomerates, or that are nonfree-flowing, are wet-sieved to remove excessive fines or to disperse agglomerates before performing the test. This technique is not applicable to materials that are, to any degree, water soluble.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units, or are other customary units (in the case of sieve frame diameter and sieve number), that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C371 − 09 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* correlate with process characteristics. The parameter that is
being measured in this test is the amount of material that will
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle
pass through a cloth having theoretically square openings. It
size distribution of nonplastic ceramic powders such as
must be remembered that all the holes are not square, nor
alumina, silica, feldspar, pyrophyllite, nepheline syenite, talc,
uniform in size, and the question of whether a given particle
titanates, and zircon using wire cloth sieves.
will go through is a statistical one. Since each particle size
1.2 Materials containing a large amount of fines, containing
analysis method measures a unique physical parameter, the
agglomerates, or that are nonfree-flowing, are wet-sieved to
results from one method may not agree with those from
remove excessive fines or to disperse agglomerates before
another.Particlesizedistributionsplayaroleinsuchproperties
performing the test. This technique is not applicable to mate-
as bulk density, dustiness, and handling characteristics. Care
rials that are, to any degree, water soluble.
should be taken, however, when interpretations are made from
one or two points (sieves) on the distribution curve.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4. Apparatus
conversions to inch-pound units, or are other customary units
(in the case of sieve frame diameter and sieve number), that are
4.1 Balance, having a sensitivity of 0.05 g.
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
4.2 Sieves, clean, unblinded, 205 mm (8 in.) in diameter,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and conforming to Specification E11.At all times they shall be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
certified by, or shall be calibrated with sieves certified by, the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
National Institute of Standards and Technology. For wet-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sieving, use full-height 50-mm (2-in.) sieves; these sieves and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
pan may be used for dry-sieving also. Half-height 25-mm
(1-in.) sieves and pan shall be used for dry-sieving only. The
2. Referenced Documents
sievestobeusedmayrangefrom45µm(No.325)through212
2.1 ASTM Standards: µm (No. 70).
C322 Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
4.3 Drying Pans, about 205 mm (8 in.) in diameter and 25
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
or 50 mm (1 or 2 in.) high.
Sieves
4.4 Dryer—For drying, the use of an oven maintained
automatically at 100 to 110°C is recommended.
3. Significance and Use
4.5 Mechanical Shaking Device—The shaking device shall
3.1 Sieve analyses are carried out to determine the particle
be such as to produce a lateral and vertical motion of the sieve,
size distribution of powders which, in turn, are used to qualify
accompanied by a jarring action so as to keep the sample
those materials as to their usefulness in the process under
moving continuously over the surface of the sieve.
consideration. Since particle size analyses have only relative
significance, the results should be considered only where they
4.6 In wet-sieving, the water should be slightly above room
temperature (for example, a hot-cold mixer tap) and should be
supplied by means of a fixed or hand-held spray.
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5. Sampling
C21.04 on Raw Materials.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2014. Published December 2014. Originally
5.1 Unit for Sampling—Each carload shall be considered a
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C371 – 09. DOI:
unit for sampling.
10.1520/C0371-09R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2 Gross Sample (See Practice C322)—In collecting the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
gross sample from a carload shipped in bags, select a number
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. of bags equivalent to not less than 1 % of the total number of
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C371 − 09 (2014)
bags in the car. Bags taken for sampling shall be from locations as possible. Rinse the retained solids with acetone, to speed up
evenly distributed, horizontally and vertically, throughout the drying, and dry off any excess with a sponge. Do this
car. The gross sample shall consist of equal increments of not thoroughly
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C371 − 09 C371 − 09 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size distribution of nonplastic ceramic powders such as alumina,
silica, feldspar, pyrophyllite, nepheline syenite, talc, titanates, and zircon using wire cloth sieves.
1.2 Materials containing a large amount of fines, containing agglomerates, or that are nonfree-flowing, are wet-sieved to remove
excessive fines or to disperse agglomerates before performing the test. This technique is not applicable to materials that are, to any
degree, water soluble.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units, or are other customary units (in the case of sieve frame diameter and sieve number), that are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C322 Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Sieve analyses are carried out to determine the particle size distribution of powders which, in turn, are used to qualify those
materials as to their usefulness in the process under consideration. Since particle size analyses have only relative significance, the
results should be considered only where they correlate with process characteristics. The parameter that is being measured in this
test is the amount of material that will pass through a cloth having theoretically square openings. It must be remembered that all
the holes are not square, nor uniform in size, and the question of whether a given particle will go through is a statistical one. Since
each particle size analysis method measures a unique physical parameter, the results from one method may not agree with those
from another. Particle size distributions play a role in such properties as bulk density, dustiness, and handling characteristics. Care
should be taken, however, when interpretations are made from one or two points (sieves) on the distribution curve.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Balance, having a sensitivity of 0.05 g.
4.2 Sieves, clean, unblinded, 205 mm (8 in.) in diameter, and conforming to Specification E11. At all times they shall be certified
by, or shall be calibrated with sieves certified by, the National Institute of Standards and Technology. For wet-sieving, use
full-height 50-mm (2-in.) sieves; these sieves and pan may be used for dry-sieving also. Half-height 25-mm (1-in.) sieves and pan
shall be used for dry-sieving only. The sieves to be used may range from 45 μm (No. 325) through 212 μm (No. 70).
4.3 Drying Pans, about 205 mm (8 in.) in diameter and 25 or 50 mm (1 or 2 in.) high.
4.4 Dryer—For drying, the use of an oven maintained automatically at 100 to 110°C is recommended.
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C21.04
on Raw Materials.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009Dec. 15, 2014. Published February 2009December 2014. Originally approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 20032009
as C371 – 89 (2003).C371 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/C0371-09.10.1520/C0371-09R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C371 − 09 (2014)
4.5 Mechanical Shaking Device—The shaking device shall be such as to produce a lateral and vertical motion of the sieve,
accompanied by a jarring action so as to keep the sample moving continuously over the surface of the sieve.
4.6 In wet-sieving, the water should be slightly above room temperature (for example, a hot-cold mixer tap) and should be
supplied by means of a fixed or hand-held spray.
5. Sampling
5.1 Unit for Sampling—Each carload shall be considered a unit for sampling.
5.2 Gross Sample (See Practice C322)—In collecting the gross sample from a carload shipped in bags, select a number of bags
equivalent to not less than 1 % of the total number of bags in the car. Bags taken for sampling shall be from locations evenly
distributed, horizontally and vertically, throughout the car. The gross sample shall
...
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