ASTM C371-09(2018)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
Standard Test Method for Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Sieve analyses are carried out to determine the particle size distribution of powders which, in turn, are used to qualify those materials as to their usefulness in the process under consideration. Since particle size analyses have only relative significance, the results should be considered only where they correlate with process characteristics. The parameter that is being measured in this test is the amount of material that will pass through a cloth having theoretically square openings. It must be remembered that all the holes are not square, nor uniform in size, and the question of whether a given particle will go through is a statistical one. Since each particle size analysis method measures a unique physical parameter, the results from one method may not agree with those from another. Particle size distributions play a role in such properties as bulk density, dustiness, and handling characteristics. Care should be taken, however, when interpretations are made from one or two points (sieves) on the distribution curve.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size distribution of nonplastic ceramic powders such as alumina, silica, feldspar, pyrophyllite, nepheline syenite, talc, titanates, and zircon using wire cloth sieves.
1.2 Materials containing a large amount of fines, containing agglomerates, or that are nonfree-flowing, are wet-sieved to remove excessive fines or to disperse agglomerates before performing the test. This technique is not applicable to materials that are, to any degree, water soluble.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units, or are other customary units (in the case of sieve frame diameter and sieve number), that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C371 − 09 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle
3.1 Sieve analyses are carried out to determine the particle
size distribution of nonplastic ceramic powders such as
size distribution of powders which, in turn, are used to qualify
alumina, silica, feldspar, pyrophyllite, nepheline syenite, talc,
those materials as to their usefulness in the process under
titanates, and zircon using wire cloth sieves.
consideration. Since particle size analyses have only relative
significance, the results should be considered only where they
1.2 Materials containing a large amount of fines, containing
correlate with process characteristics. The parameter that is
agglomerates, or that are nonfree-flowing, are wet-sieved to
being measured in this test is the amount of material that will
remove excessive fines or to disperse agglomerates before
pass through a cloth having theoretically square openings. It
performing the test. This technique is not applicable to mate-
must be remembered that all the holes are not square, nor
rials that are, to any degree, water soluble.
uniform in size, and the question of whether a given particle
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
will go through is a statistical one. Since each particle size
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
analysis method measures a unique physical parameter, the
conversions to inch-pound units, or are other customary units
results from one method may not agree with those from
(in the case of sieve frame diameter and sieve number), that are
another.Particlesizedistributionsplayaroleinsuchproperties
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
as bulk density, dustiness, and handling characteristics. Care
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the should be taken, however, when interpretations are made from
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
one or two points (sieves) on the distribution curve.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Apparatus
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Balance, having a sensitivity of 0.05 g.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 4.2 Sieves, clean, unblinded, 205 mm (8 in.) in diameter,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the and conforming to Specification E11.At all times they shall be
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- certified by, or shall be calibrated with sieves certified by, the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical National Institute of Standards and Technology. For wet-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. sieving, use full-height 50-mm (2-in.) sieves; these sieves and
pan may be used for dry-sieving also. Half-height 25-mm
(1-in.) sieves and pan shall be used for dry-sieving only. The
2. Referenced Documents
sievestobeusedmayrangefrom45µm(No.325)through212
2.1 ASTM Standards:
µm (No. 70).
C322 Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test 4.3 Drying Pans, about 205 mm (8 in.) in diameter and 25
Sieves
or 50 mm (1 or 2 in.) high.
4.4 Dryer—For drying, the use of an oven maintained
automatically at 100 to 110°C is recommended.
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic
4.5 Mechanical Shaking Device—The shaking device shall
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.04 on Raw Materials. be such as to produce a lateral and vertical motion of the sieve,
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally
accompanied by a jarring action so as to keep the sample
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C371 – 09 (2014).
moving continuously over the surface of the sieve.
DOI: 10.1520/C0371-09R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.6 In wet-sieving, the water should be slightly above room
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
temperature (for example, a hot-cold mixer tap) and should be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
theASTM website. supplied by means of a fixed or hand-held spray.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C371 − 09 (2018)
5. Sampling 6.4 When sieving is complete, pass a sponge over the
underside of the sieve-cloth to draw out as much of the water
5.1 Unit for Sampling—Each carload shall be considered a
as possible. Rinse the retained solids with acetone, to speed up
unit for sampling.
drying, and dry off any excess with a sponge. Do this
5.2 Gross Sample (See Pract
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C371 − 09 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle
3.1 Sieve analyses are carried out to determine the particle
size distribution of nonplastic ceramic powders such as
size distribution of powders which, in turn, are used to qualify
alumina, silica, feldspar, pyrophyllite, nepheline syenite, talc,
those materials as to their usefulness in the process under
titanates, and zircon using wire cloth sieves.
consideration. Since particle size analyses have only relative
significance, the results should be considered only where they
1.2 Materials containing a large amount of fines, containing
correlate with process characteristics. The parameter that is
agglomerates, or that are nonfree-flowing, are wet-sieved to
being measured in this test is the amount of material that will
remove excessive fines or to disperse agglomerates before
pass through a cloth having theoretically square openings. It
performing the test. This technique is not applicable to mate-
must be remembered that all the holes are not square, nor
rials that are, to any degree, water soluble.
uniform in size, and the question of whether a given particle
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
will go through is a statistical one. Since each particle size
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
analysis method measures a unique physical parameter, the
conversions to inch-pound units, or are other customary units
results from one method may not agree with those from
(in the case of sieve frame diameter and sieve number), that are
another. Particle size distributions play a role in such properties
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
as bulk density, dustiness, and handling characteristics. Care
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
should be taken, however, when interpretations are made from
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the one or two points (sieves) on the distribution curve.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 4. Apparatus
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Balance, having a sensitivity of 0.05 g.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 4.2 Sieves, clean, unblinded, 205 mm (8 in.) in diameter,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the and conforming to Specification E11. At all times they shall be
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- certified by, or shall be calibrated with sieves certified by, the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical National Institute of Standards and Technology. For wet-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. sieving, use full-height 50-mm (2-in.) sieves; these sieves and
pan may be used for dry-sieving also. Half-height 25-mm
(1-in.) sieves and pan shall be used for dry-sieving only. The
2. Referenced Documents
sieves to be used may range from 45 µm (No. 325) through 212
2.1 ASTM Standards:
µm (No. 70).
C322 Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
4.3 Drying Pans, about 205 mm (8 in.) in diameter and 25
Sieves or 50 mm (1 or 2 in.) high.
4.4 Dryer—For drying, the use of an oven maintained
automatically at 100 to 110°C is recommended.
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic
4.5 Mechanical Shaking Device—The shaking device shall
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.04 on Raw Materials. be such as to produce a lateral and vertical motion of the sieve,
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally
accompanied by a jarring action so as to keep the sample
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C371 – 09 (2014).
moving continuously over the surface of the sieve.
DOI: 10.1520/C0371-09R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.6 In wet-sieving, the water should be slightly above room
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
temperature (for example, a hot-cold mixer tap) and should be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. supplied by means of a fixed or hand-held spray.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C371 − 09 (2018)
5. Sampling 6.4 When sieving is complete, pass a sponge over the
underside of the sieve-cloth to draw out as much of the water
5.1 Unit for Sampling—Each carload shall be considered a
as possible. Rinse the retained solids with acetone, to speed up
unit for sampling.
drying, and dry off any excess with a sponge. Do this
5.2 Gross Sample (See Practice C322)—In collecting the
thoroughly to avoid dangerous levels of acetone in the ov
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C371 − 09 (Reapproved 2014) C371 − 09 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size distribution of nonplastic ceramic powders such as alumina,
silica, feldspar, pyrophyllite, nepheline syenite, talc, titanates, and zircon using wire cloth sieves.
1.2 Materials containing a large amount of fines, containing agglomerates, or that are nonfree-flowing, are wet-sieved to remove
excessive fines or to disperse agglomerates before performing the test. This technique is not applicable to materials that are, to any
degree, water soluble.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units, or are other customary units (in the case of sieve frame diameter and sieve number), that are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C322 Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Sieve analyses are carried out to determine the particle size distribution of powders which, in turn, are used to qualify those
materials as to their usefulness in the process under consideration. Since particle size analyses have only relative significance, the
results should be considered only where they correlate with process characteristics. The parameter that is being measured in this
test is the amount of material that will pass through a cloth having theoretically square openings. It must be remembered that all
the holes are not square, nor uniform in size, and the question of whether a given particle will go through is a statistical one. Since
each particle size analysis method measures a unique physical parameter, the results from one method may not agree with those
from another. Particle size distributions play a role in such properties as bulk density, dustiness, and handling characteristics. Care
should be taken, however, when interpretations are made from one or two points (sieves) on the distribution curve.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Balance, having a sensitivity of 0.05 g.
4.2 Sieves, clean, unblinded, 205 mm (8 in.) in diameter, and conforming to Specification E11. At all times they shall be certified
by, or shall be calibrated with sieves certified by, the National Institute of Standards and Technology. For wet-sieving, use
full-height 50-mm (2-in.) sieves; these sieves and pan may be used for dry-sieving also. Half-height 25-mm (1-in.) sieves and pan
shall be used for dry-sieving only. The sieves to be used may range from 45 μm (No. 325) through 212 μm (No. 70).
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C21.04
on Raw Materials.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2014Oct. 1, 2018. Published December 2014October 2018. Originally approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 20092014
as C371 – 09.C371 – 09 (2014). DOI: 10.1520/C0371-09R14.10.1520/C0371-09R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C371 − 09 (2018)
4.3 Drying Pans, about 205 mm (8 in.) in diameter and 25 or 50 mm (1 or 2 in.) high.
4.4 Dryer—For drying, the use of an oven maintained automatically at 100 to 110°C is recommended.
4.5 Mechanical Shaking Device—The shaking device shall be such as to produce a lateral and vertical motion of the sieve,
accompanied by a jarring action so as to keep the sample moving continuously over the surface of the sieve.
4.6 In wet-sieving, the water should be slightly above room temperature (for example, a hot-cold mixer tap) and should be
supplied by means of a fixed or hand-held spray.
5. Sampling
5.1 Unit for Sampling—Each carload shall be considered a unit for sampling.
5.2 Gross Sample (See Practice C322)—In collecting the gross sample from a carload shipped in bags, select a number of bags
equivalent to not less than 1 % of the total nu
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.