ASTM D4724-99
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Degree of Filament Yarn Entanglement by Needle Insertion Methods
Standard Test Methods for Degree of Filament Yarn Entanglement by Needle Insertion Methods
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover three procedures for the determination of the degree of filament yarn entanglement using needle insertion. The test methods appear in the following order: Sections Method 1-Degree of Filament Entangle- ment by Average Millimetre Pull 9 to 17 Method 2-Degree of Filament Entangle- ment in a Length of Yarn 17 to 25 Method 3-Degree of Filament Entangle- ment by Manual Method 25 to 32
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4724–99
Standard Test Method for
Entanglements in Filament Yarns by Needle Insertion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4724; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
1.1 This test method covers two options for the measure-
ment of entanglements in filament yarns using needle insertion
4. Summary of Test Method
options for instrument (A) and manual (B) techniques.
4.1 A summary of each option is in the section for that
1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units (in
option.
parentheses) are to be regarded separately as standard. The
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
5. Significance and Use
therefore, each system must be used independently of the other
5.1 Option 1 of this test method for the determination of the
without combining values in any way.
degree of filament yarn entanglement, as measured instrumen-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tally, is used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments;
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
however, caution is advised because information on between-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
laboratory precision is lacking. Comparative tests, as directed
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
in 5.1.1, may be advisable.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
tween the reported test results for two or more laboratories,
2. Referenced Documents
comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
2 for each comparative test should be as homogeneous as
D 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples
3. Terminology that results in disparate results during initial testing, and
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other
3.1 Definitions:
fabrics with established test values may be used for this
3.1.1 entanglement, n—the extent or degree to which the
purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should
filaments in a yarn are interlocked and cannot be readily
be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability
separated.
level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a
3.1.1.1 Discussion—There are two kinds of entanglements,
probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is
intermediary (loose) node and hard (tight) node. Intermediary
found, either its cause must be found and corrected or future
nodes are pulled out easily under tension or separated by a
test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known
needle. This test method is a measure of the presence of hard
bias.
nodes in which the interlocking or interlacing is compact
5.2 Option 2 for this test method is intended for use when
pulling the yarn bundle together.
the supply of yarn is limited.
3.1.2 filament yarn, n—a yarn composed of (continuous)
5.3 The instrumental option of this test method is based on
filaments assembled with or without twist.
the total randomization of the entanglements in the yarn;
therefore, the distance measured between the point of insertion
of a pin in the middle of the yarn and the point at which an
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD-13onTextiles
entanglement is encountered, by movement of the yarn or the
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on General Yarn Test
pin until it is stopped at a preset level of force, is representative
Methods.
of the distance between two entanglements at some location in
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1999. Published January 2000.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. the yarn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4724
5.4 Entanglements are used frequently instead of twist to 9. Apparatus
ensure the integrity of filament yarns. Such entanglements
9.1 Automatic Needle Pull Entanglement Testers, rapid
generally give somewhat less protection during weaving or 3
automatic pin insertion detector (RAPID) and Rothschild
4,5
knitting than twist, but with proper care, will perform quite
automatic yarn entanglement testers NPT.
satisfactorily.
9.2 Standard Laboratory Weights, ranging from 1 to 100 g.
9.3 Stopwatch, with ⁄5-s divisions.
6. Sampling and Test Specimens
9.4 Speed Indicator, tachometer, 0 to 1000 rpm range.
6.1 Primary Sampling Unit—Consider shipping containers
9.5 Magnetic Whorl Tensioning Device, optional.
of yarn to be the primary sampling unit.
10. Procedure
NOTE 1—A realistic specification or other agreement between the
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
10.1 Test the yarn in the standard atmosphere for testing
between shipping containers, packages within a shipping container, and
textiles, which is 21 6 1°C (70 6 2°F) and 65 6 2 % relative
successive lengths from a package to provide a plan that, at the specified
humidity.
level for the property of interest, has a meaningful producer’s risk,
10.2 Calibrate the entanglement tester and tensiometer as
consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
prescribed by the instrument manufacturer.
6.2 Laboratory Sample Unit—For each primary sampling
10.3 Mount the test package on a suitable holder.
unit, take laboratory sampling units as directed in Practice
10.4 Yarn Pretension—Calculate the pretension by using
D 2258. Do not rewind or transfer material from packages
one of the equations below:
taken from shipping containers to another packages.
YP ~g!5~D ^ 0.5! 0.75 (1)
6.3 Test Specimen—For acceptance testing, use laboratory
YP ~cN!5~T ^ 0.5! * 0.70 (2)
units as a source of specimens. Make 20 observations on each
laboratory sampling unit. 10.5 Trip Level Tension—Calculate the trip level by using
one of the equations below:
7. Conditioning
TLT~g!5~D ^ 0.35! * 3.5 (3)
7.1 Preparation of Test Package—Before preconditioning
TLT ~cN!5~T ^ 0.35! * 3.31 (4)
or conditioning the test package, remove at least 100 m or 110
yds of yarn from the test package to avoid testing nonrepre- where:
YP 5 Yarn pretension,
sentative yarn.
TLT 5 trip level tension, c/tex (gf/d),
7.2 Preconditioning—Normally, preconditioning is not nec-
T 5 linear density, tex,
essary unless the test packages are received with higher than
D 5 linear density, denier, and
the normal moisture level. If preconditioning is necessary, treat
F 5 filament count.
the packages as directed in Practice D 1776.
10.6 Set the RAPID instrument as follows:
7.3 Conditioning—Condition the test packages as directed
10.6.1 Measuring Speed—10–20 m/min.
in Practice D 1776.
10.6.2 Observations/Package—20.
10.6.3 No-Show Length—Refer to the manufacturer’s
OPTION 1—INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF
manual.
THE DEGREE OF ENTANGLEMENT OF FILAMENT
10.6.4 Present the loose end of the yarn to the inlet gun (see
YARN
Fig. 1). The instrument will string up, automatically strip some
yarn, start the measurement cycle, and discard the tested yarn
8. Summary of Option
to waste.
8.1 A yarn is passed at constant speed and constant preten-
10.6.4.1 If there is no entanglement in the “No-Show”
sion through the thread path of the instrument.After a required
length, the instrument will do the following:
yarn length has run through, the yarn is pierced by a needle,
(1) If the “Pin Miss Ignored Limit” has not been exceeded,
and advanced automatically until a preset needle tension is
rotate the pinwheel, reinsert the needle in the yarn, and
attained. Then, the needle is withdrawn, and the yarn length
continue testing. The test is aborted and a “No-Show” re-
from insertion to this critical point is measured automatically.
corded.
This cycle of yarn advance, piercing by the needle, and length
measurement is repeated for a predetermined number of times.
The individual measured pulled yarn lengths and the total of
these yarn lengths are automatically recorded. 3
Available from W. Fritz Mezger, Inc., 155 Hall Street, Spartanburg, SC
29302–1523; and, Lenzing, Technik Div., Lenzing, Austria.
Available from Rothschild Instruments, Zurich, Switzerland or from Lawson-
Hemphill Sales, Inc., P.O. Drawer 6388, Spartanburg, SC 29304.
A lamp satisfying this requirement is obtainable from Jenson Tools, Inc.,
Tempe, AZ.
D4724
FIG. 1 Yarn String-Up Diagram for Rapid Automatic Pin Insertion Detector (RAPID)
(2) If the “Pin Miss Ignored Limit” has been exceeded, enter (see Fig. 2) or can bypass the “Take-up” wheel and go into the
a “Freeze” state and request confirmation of pin insertion. The aspirator after the yarn speed roll, to prevent buildup on the
operator will restart the test if the pin did not pierce the yarn take-up wheel. The software initializes a specified length for
(increasing the “Pin Miss Count” by 1, or the operator will stripping and starts the test.
acknowledge pin piercing by pressing the “Confirm” button 10.7.5.1 If there is no entanglement in the “No-Show”
designating this a true no entanglement section, which adds the length, the instrument will do the following:
length to the results. (1) Stop the yarn and withdraw the needle.
10.7 Set the Rothschild instrument as follows: (2) Record a “No-Show” in the software (and on the
10.7.1 Measuring Speed—10–20 m/min. printout).
10.7.2 Forwarding Time—5 s. (3) Reinsert the needle into the yarn and wind until a node
10.7.3 Observations/Package (decade counter)—20. (entanglement) is detected.
10.7.4 No-Show Lengt
...
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