ASTM D4489-95
(Practice)Standard Practices for Sampling of Waterborne Oils
Standard Practices for Sampling of Waterborne Oils
SCOPE
1.1 These practices describe the procedures to be used in collecting samples of waterborne oils (see Practice D 3415), oil found on adjoining shorelines, or oil-soaked debris, for comparison of oils by spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, and for elemental analyses.
1.2 Two practices are described. Practice A involves" grab sampling" macro oil samples. Practice B can be used to sample most types of waterborne oils and is particularly applicable in sampling thin oil films or slicks. Practice selection will be dictated by the physical characteristics and the location of the spilled oil. These two practices are: SectionsPractice A (for grab sampling thick layers of oil, viscous oils or oil soaked debris, oil globules, tar balls, or stranded oil) 9 to 13Practice B (for TFE-fluorocarbon polymer strip samplers) 14 to 17
1.3 Each of the two practices is designed to collect oil samples with a minimum of water, thereby reducing the possibility of chemical, physical, or biological alteration by prolonged contact with water between the time of collection and analysis.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.
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Designation: D 4489 – 95
Standard Practices for
Sampling of Waterborne Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4489; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope when the sample changes hands, from the time of collection
until the requirement for each sample is terminated.
1.1 These practices describe the procedures to be used in
3.2.2 waterborne oil—refer to Practice D 3415.
collecting samples of waterborne oils (see Practice D 3415), oil
found on adjoining shorelines, or oil-soaked debris, for com-
4. Significance and Use
parison of oils by spectroscopic and chromatographic tech-
4.1 Identification of the source of a spilled oil is established
niques, and for elemental analyses.
by comparison with known oils selected because of their
1.2 Two practices are described. Practice A involves“ grab
possible relationship to the spill, that is, potential sources.
sampling” macro oil samples. Practice B can be used to sample
Generally, the suspected source oils are from pipelines, tanks,
most types of waterborne oils and is particularly applicable in
etc., and therefore pose little problems in sampling compared
sampling thin oil films or slicks. Practice selection will be
to the spilled oil. This practice addresses the sampling of
dictated by the physical characteristics and the location of the
spilled oils in particular, but could be applied to appropriate
spilled oil. These two practices are:
source situations, for example, a ship’s bilge.
Sections
Practice A (for grab sampling thick layers of oil, viscous oils or 9to13
5. Apparatus
oil soaked debris, oil globules, tar balls, or stranded oil)
Practice B (for TFE–fluorocarbon polymer strip samplers) 14 to17
5.1 Sample Containers, 100 to 125-mL wide-mouth glass
jars that have been thoroughly cleaned. When field expedients
1.3 Each of the two practices is designed to collect oil
samples with a minimum of water, thereby reducing the must be employed, an empty container of each type used
should be included in the shipment to the laboratory, to be used
possibility of chemical, physical, or biological alteration by
prolonged contact with water between the time of collection as a blank to measure inadvertent contamination.
5.2 Closures—Lids for the glass jars should have TFE-
and analysis.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the fluorocarbon polymer film or aluminum-coated insert.
5.3 Strip Samplers, 5 by 7.5 cm pieces of TFE-fluorocarbon
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- polymer sheets (0.25 mm thickness, or screen or fabric (50–70
mesh)).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards 5.4 Wooden Tongue Depressor.
statements, see Section 7. 5.5 TFE-Fluorocarbon Polymer Net Sampling Kit.
2. Referenced Documents 6. Reagents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 6.1 High Purity Solvents, that must be used for rinsing
samplers and sample containers. The solvents which may be
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D 3415 Practice for Identification of Waterborne Oils used are n-hexane, mixed hexanes, cyclohexane, pentane, or
dichloromethane, acetone, or chloroform.
3. Terminology
7. Hazards
3.1 Definitions—For the definitions of terms used in these
7.1 Precaution: Extreme care should be exercised so as not
practices, refer to Terminology D 1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: to contaminate the samples or cause their integrity to be
questioned.
3.2.1 chain of custody—a documented accountability of
each sample, that is, date, time, and signature of each recipient 7.2 Warning: The rinsing solvents are volatile and, except
for dichloromethane, are flammable, and therefore should be
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods for Analysis
for Organic Substances in Water. Sampling kit available from General Oceanics, Miami, FL, or equivalent, is
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published November 1995. Originally suitable.
1 5
published as D 4489 – 85. Last previous edition D 4489 – 85 (1990)e . MCB Spectroquality solvents, available from MCB Manufacturing Chemists,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Inc. (Associate of E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), 480 Democrat Rd., Gibbstown,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02. NJ 08027, or equivalent are suitable.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4489
NOTE 2—To avoid possible sample contamination, do not reuse sample
handled with appropriate care. Dichloromethane will release
containers, lids, or liners.
toxic vapors when heated.
7.3 Minimize contact with oil even when wearing gloves.
11.2 Nitrile gloves are to be worn during sampling.
11.3 A detachable ring for the sample jar and sampling pole
8. General Sampling Guidelines
may be useful to extend sampling range.
8.1 The objective is to obtain a sample for analysis that is
representative of the spilled oil. The most critical factors in
12. Procedure for Floating Samples
sampling are selecting a suitable location, collecting a sample
12.1 Select the sampling site.
of oil with the least water possible (to minimize possible
12.2 Unscrew the lid from the sample jar. Hold the jar in
sample alteration), and maintaining the sample integrity.
position for sampling; hold the lid in a free hand or place the
8.2 It is recommended that at least three samples be taken of
lid in a safe position. Gently lower the sample jar into the water
each waterborne oil in order to demonstrate the homogeneity of
and gently skim the oil layer or oil globules from the water
the spill. These samples should be taken in different regions of
surface into the sample container. Continue the process until
the oil slick at points where the accumulation is heaviest. This
the sample container is approximately three-quarters full.
will increase the volume of oil available for analysis. In the
12.3 Remove the sample container from the water surface,
event that multiple samples cannot be collected, then a single
replace and tighten the lid. Invert the jar and allow the
sample should be collected from the area where the accumu-
container to stand in this position for 2 to 3 min.
lation of oil visually appears to be the heaviest.
12.4 Gently unscrew the sample jar lid and allow the water
8.3 The following general rules are applicable to sampling
layer to drain out of the inverted container. Seal the lid and
of waterborne oils:
return the jar to the upright position.
8.3.1 Take a sample that contains sufficient oil for the
12.5 Repeat 12.2 to 12.4, if necessary, until approximately
method or methods of analysis to be employed and for any
60 mL of oil is collected, or until there is no increase in the
replicate analyses that may be required.
amount of recovered oil.
8.3.2 Affix a label or tag to the sample jar in such a manner
12.6 When the collection is complete, invert the jar and
that it becomes an integral part of the container. The label or
allow to stand for 10 min. Gently unscrew the lid to drain off
tag should contain the following information: sample identifi-
excess water a final time. Tighten the lid and return the jar to
cation, date and time of collection, location of collection,
the upright position. Wipe excess water and oil from the
signature of person collecting the sample, and at least one
outside surface of the sample container.
witness to the collection.
12.7 Attach a sample label or tag to the container, bearing
8.3.3 Pack the samples, ship, and manipulate prior to
the information cited in 8.3.2.
analysis
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