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ASTM E674-80(1996)e1

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Industrial Perforated Plate and Screens (Round Opening Series)

Standard Specification for Industrial Perforated Plate and Screens (Round Opening Series)

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the sizes of round opening perforated plate and screens for general industrial uses, including the separating or grading of materials according to designated nominal particle size, and lists standards for openings from 5 in. (125 mm) to 0.020 in. (500 [mu]m) punched with bar sizes and thicknesses of plate for various grades of service. Methods of checking industrial perforated plate and screens are included as information in the Appendix.  
1.2 This specification does not apply to perforated plate or screens with square, hexagon, slotted, or other shaped openings.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2000
Technical Committee
E29 - Particle and Spray Characterization
Drafting Committee
E29.01 - Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E674-80(2001) - Standard Specification for Industrial Perforated Plate and Screens (Round Opening Series)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM F1899-14a(2019) - Standard Specification for Food Waste Pulper Without Waterpress Assembly
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM F1150-22 - Standard Specification for Commercial Food Waste Pulper and Waterpress Assembly
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM E1638-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001

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ASTM E674-80(1996)e1 - Standard Specification for Industrial Perforated Plate and Screens (Round Opening Series)ASTM E674-80(1996)e1 - Standard Specification for Industrial Perforated Plate and Screens (Round Opening Series)
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ASTM E674-80(1996)e1 - Standard Specification for Industrial Perforated Plate and Screens (Round Opening Series)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: E 674 – 80 (Reapproved 1996) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Industrial Perforated Plate and Screens (Round Opening
Series)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 674; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—Keywords were added editorially in March 1996.
INTRODUCTION
Industrial perforated plate can be produced in many thousands of combinations of size and shape
of opening, bar size, thickness of material, and type of metal. Such variety is often confusing and, to
the vast majority of perforated plate users, unnecessary, since each usually requires only a very few
specifications.
The purpose of this specification is to simplify this problem by a condensed table of recommended
specifications covering a wide range of openings in which industrial perforated plate is made, with
several recommended bar sizes and thicknesses of plate for each opening, for use in various grades of
service.
By making selections from this specification, the user will be guided to specifications that are being
regularly produced, thus avoiding inadvertent selection of specifications that, because of little or no
demand, are unobtainable, except on special order (usually quite expensive unless the quantity ordered
is sufficient to justify the cost of special tooling).
If a user has a specific application for industrial perforated plate that can not be solved by a selection
from this specification, it is recommended that he consult his perforated plate supplier on the
availability of an acceptable alternative specification.
1. Scope E 323 Specification for Perforated-Plate Sieves for Testing
Purposes
1.1 This specification covers the sizes of round opening
2.2 Documents:
perforated plate and screens for general industrial uses, includ-
Fed. Std. 123 Marking for Shipments (Civil Agencies)
ing the separating or grading of materials according to desig-
Mil-Std-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
nated nominal particle size, and lists standards for openings
from 5 in. (125 mm) to 0.020 in. (500 μm) punched with bar
3. Standard Specifications
sizes and thicknesses of plate for various grades of service.
3.1 Standard specifications for industrial perforated plate
Methods of checking industrial perforated plate and screens are
and screens are listed in Table 1.
included as information in the Appendix.
3.2 Openings—The series of standard openings listed in
1.2 This specification does not apply to perforated plate or
Table 1 include those of the USA Standard Sieve Series,
screens with square, hexagon, slotted, or other shaped open-
Specification E 323, and those of the ISO apertures for
ings.
industrial plate screens, with the addition of those openings in
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
common usage.
as the standard.
3.3 Relationship of Grades—The purpose of the several
2. Referenced Documents grades is to provide combinations of opening and bar size for
various types of service, from medium-light to heavy. Since it
2.1 ASTM Standards:
is possible to vary the bar size independently from the plate
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-29 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Particle Size Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.01 Available from Standardization Documents, Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D,
on Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media. 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Current edition approved Oct. 31, 1980. Published December 1980. Originally ISO 2194-1972, Wire Screens and Plate Screens for Industrial Purposes—
published as E 674 – 79. Last previous edition E 674 – 79. Nominal Sizes of Apertures.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 674
thickness, each of the service grades lists up to three combi- opening in each grade and between grades with the capability
nations of bar and gage for each opening. The entire standard of also being able to vary the plate thickness.
series has been designed for a logical relationship of bar size to
TABLE 1 USA Standard Specifications for Industrial Perforated Plate and Screens (Round Opening Series)—(U.S. Customary Units)
Perforated
Medium Light Medium Medium Heavy Heavy
Opening
USA
Stan- Indus-
Open- Gage- Open Open- Gage- Open Open- Gage- Open Open- Gage- Open
dard trial Bar, Bar, Bar, Bar,
ing, Steel, Area, ing, Steel, Area, ing, Steel, Area, ing, Steel, Area,
(metric), Stan- in. in. in. in.
in. in. % in. in. % in. in. % in. in. %
mm dard,
in.
1 1 5 5 3 3
125 5 5 ⁄2 ⁄2 74.9 5 ⁄8 ⁄8 71.6 5 ⁄4 ⁄4 68.5 5 1 1 62.9
5 3 3 1 7 5 1 7
125 5 5 ⁄8 ⁄8 71.6 5 ⁄4 ⁄2 68.5 5 ⁄8 ⁄8 65.6 5 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 60.4
5 1 3 5 7 3 1
125 5 5 ⁄8 ⁄2 71.6 5 ⁄4 ⁄8 68.5 5 ⁄8 ⁄4 65.6 5 1 ⁄8 1 60.4
1 1 1 1 5 5 1 3 3 1
... ... 4 ⁄2 ⁄2 ⁄2 73.4 4 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄8 69.9 4 ⁄2 ⁄4 ⁄4 66.6 4 ⁄2 1 1 60.7
1 5 3 1 3 1 1 7 5 1 1 7
... ... 4 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄8 69.9 4 ⁄2 ⁄4 ⁄2 66.6 4 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄8 63.5 4 ⁄2 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 58
1 5 1 1 3 5 1 7 3 1 1
... ... 4 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄2 69.9 4 ⁄2 ⁄4 ⁄8 66.6 4 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄4 63.5 4 ⁄2 1 ⁄8 158
1 1 1 1 1 5 5 1 3 3 1
106 4 ⁄4 4 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄2 72.6 4 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 68.9 4 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 65.5 4 ⁄4 1 1 59.4
1 1 5 3 1 3 1 1 7 5 1 1 7
106 4 ⁄4 4 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 68.9 4 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄2 65.5 4 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 62.3 4 ⁄4 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 56.7
1 1 5 1 1 3 5 1 7 3 1 1
106 4 ⁄4 4 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄2 68.9 4 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄8 65.5 4 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄4 62.3 4 ⁄4 1 ⁄8 1 56.7
1 1 5 5 3 3
100 4 4 ⁄2 ⁄2 71.6 4 ⁄8 ⁄8 67.8 4 ⁄4 ⁄4 64.3 41158
5 3 3 1 7 5 1 7
100 4 4 ⁄8 ⁄8 67.8 4 ⁄4 ⁄2 64.3 4 ⁄8 ⁄8 61 4 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 55.2
5 1 3 5 7 3 1
100 4 4 ⁄8 ⁄2 67.8 4 ⁄4 ⁄8 64.3 4 ⁄8 ⁄4 61 4 1 ⁄8 1 55.2
3 1 1 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 7 7
... ... 3 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄2 70.6 3 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 66.6 3 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 62.9 3 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 59.6
3 5 3 3 3 1 3 7 5 3 3
... ... 3 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 66.6 3 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄2 62.9 3 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 59.6 3 ⁄4 1 ⁄4 48.9
3 5 1 3 3 5 3 7 3 3 7
... ... 3 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄2 66.6 3 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄8 62.9 3 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄4 59.6 3 ⁄4 1 ⁄8 48.9
1 1 1 1 1 5 5 1 3 3 1 7 7
90 3 ⁄2 3 ⁄2 ⁄2 ⁄2 69.4 3 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄8 65.2 3 ⁄2 ⁄4 ⁄4 61.5 3 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄8 58
1 1 5 3 1 3 1 1 7 5 1 3
90 3 ⁄2 3 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄8 65.2 3 ⁄2 ⁄4 ⁄2 61.5 3 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄8 58 3 ⁄2 1 ⁄4 54.8
1 1 5 1 1 3 5 1 7 3 1 7
90 3 ⁄2 3 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄2 65.2 3 ⁄2 ⁄4 ⁄8 61.5 3 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄4 58 3 ⁄2 1 ⁄8 54.8
1 3 3 1 1 1 1 5 5 1 3 3
... ... 3 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 72.8 3 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄2 68.1 3 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 63.8 3 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 59.8
1 1 5 1 5 3 1 3 1 1 7 5
... ... 3 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄16 68.1 3 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 63.7 3 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄2 59.8 3 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 56.2
1 1 3 1 5 1 1 3 5 1 7 3
... ... 3 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄8 68.1 3 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄2 63.7 3 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄8 59.8 3 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄4 56.2
3 3 1 1 5 5 3 3
75 3 3 ⁄8 ⁄8 71.6 3 ⁄2 ⁄2 66.6 3 ⁄8 ⁄8 62.1 3 ⁄4 ⁄4 58
1 5 5 3 3 1 7 5
75 3 3 ⁄2 ⁄16 66.6 3 ⁄8 ⁄8 62.1 3 ⁄4 ⁄2 58 3 ⁄8 ⁄8 54.3
1 3 5 1 3 5 7 3
75 3 3 ⁄2 ⁄8 66.6 3 ⁄8 ⁄2 62.1 3 ⁄4 ⁄8 58 3 ⁄8 ⁄4 54.3
3 3 3 3 1 1 3 5 5 3 3 3
... ... 2 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 70.2 2 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄2 64.9 2 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 60.2 2 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 55.9
3 1 5 3 5 3 3 3 1 3 7 5
... ... 2 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄16 64.9 2 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 60.2 2 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄2 55.9 2 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 52.1
3 1 3 3 5 1 3 3 5 3 7 3
... ... 2 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄8 64.9 2 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄2 60.2 2 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄8 55.9 2 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄4 52.1
1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 5 5 1 3 3
63 2 ⁄2 2 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄8 68.5 2 ⁄2 ⁄2 ⁄2 62.9 2 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄8 58 2 ⁄2 ⁄4 ⁄4 53.6
1 1 1 5 1 5 3 1 3 1 1 7 5
63 2 ⁄2 2 ⁄2 ⁄2 ⁄16 62.9 2 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄8 58 2 ⁄2 ⁄4 ⁄2 53.6 2 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄8 49.7
1 1 1 3 1 5 1 1 3 5 1 7 3
63 2 ⁄2 2 ⁄2 ⁄2 ⁄8 62.9 2 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄2 58 2 ⁄2 ⁄4 ⁄8 53.6 2 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄4 49.7
1 3 3 1 1 1 1 5 5 1 3 3
... ... 2 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 66.6 2 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄2 60.7 2 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 55.5 2 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 51
1 1 5 1 5 3 1 3 1 1 7 5
... ... 2 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄16 60.7 2 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 55.5 2 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄2 51 2 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 47
1 1 3 1 5 1 1 3 5 1 7 3
... ... 2 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄8 60.7 2 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄2 55.5 2 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄8 51 2 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄4 47
1 1 5 5 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 5 5
53 2 ⁄8 2 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄16 68.9 2 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄8 65.5 2 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄2 59.4 2 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄8 54.1
1 1 3 1 1 1 5 1 5 3 1 3 1
53 2 ⁄8 2 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄4 65.5 2 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄16 59.4 2 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄8 54.1 2 ⁄8 ⁄4 ⁄2 49.5
1 1 3 5 1 1 3 1 5 1 1 3 5
53 2 ⁄8 2 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄16 65.5 2 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄8 59.4 2 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄2 54.1 2 ⁄8 ⁄4 ⁄8 49.5
5 5 3 3 1 1 5 5
50 2 2 ⁄16 ⁄16 67.8 2 ⁄8 ⁄8 64.3 2 ⁄2 ⁄2 58 2 ⁄8 ⁄8 52.6
3 1 1 5 5 3 3 1
50 2 2 ⁄8 ⁄4 64.3 2 ⁄2 ⁄16 58 2 ⁄8 ⁄8 52.6 2 ⁄4 ⁄2 47.9
3 5 1 3 5 1 3 5
50 2 2 ⁄8 ⁄16 64.3 2 ⁄2 ⁄8 58 2 ⁄8 ⁄2 52.6 2 ⁄4 ⁄8 47.9
7 5 5 7 3 3 7 1 1 7 5 5
... ... 1 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄16 66.6 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄8 62.9 1 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄2 56.5 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄8 51
7 3 1 7 1 5 7 5 3 7 3 1
... ... 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄4 62.9 1 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄16 56.5 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄8 51 1 ⁄8 ⁄4 ⁄2 46.2
7 3 5 7 1 3 7 5 1 7 3 5
... ... 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄16 62.9 1 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄8 56.5 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄2 51 1 ⁄8 ⁄4 ⁄8 46.2
3 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 5 5
45 1 ⁄4 1 ⁄4 ⁄16 ⁄16 65.2 1 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 61.5 1 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄2 54.8 1 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 49.2
3 3 3 1 3 1 5 3 5 3 3 3 1
45 1 ⁄4 1 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄4 61.5 1 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄16 54.8 1 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 49.2 1 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄2 44.4
3 3 3 5 3 1 3 3 5 1 3 3 5
45 1 ⁄4 1 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄16 61.5 1 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄8 54.8 1 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄2 49.2 1 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄8 44.4
5 1 1 5 5 5 5 3 3 5 1 1
... ... 1 ⁄8 ⁄4 ⁄4 68.1 1 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄16 63.7 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄8 59.8 1 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄2 53
E 674
TABLE 1 Continued
Perforated
Medium Light Medium Medium Heavy Heavy
Opening
USA
Stan- Indus-
Open- Gage- Open Open- Gage- Open Open- Gage- Open Open- Gage- Open
dard trial Bar, Bar, Bar, Bar,
ing, Steel, Area, ing, Steel, Area, ing, Steel, Area, ing, Steel, Area,
(metric), Stan- in. in. in. in.
in. in. % in. in. % in. in. % in. in. %
mm dard,
in.
5 5 3 5 3 1 5 1 5 5 5 3
... ... 1 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄16 63.7 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄4 59.8 1 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄16 53 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄8 47.3
5 5 1 5 3 5 5 1 3 5 5 1
... ... 1 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄4 63.7 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄16 59.8 1 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄8 53 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄2 47.3
1 1 1 1 1 5 5 1 3 3 1 1 1
37.5 1 ⁄2 1 ⁄2 ⁄4 ⁄4 66.6 1 ⁄2 ⁄16 ⁄16 62.1 1 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄8 58 1 ⁄2 ⁄2 ⁄2 51
1 1 5 3 1 3 1 1 1 5 1 5 3
37.5 1 ⁄2 1 ⁄2 ⁄16 ⁄16 62.1 1 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄4 58 1 ⁄2 ⁄2 ⁄16 51 1 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄8 45.1
1 1 5 1 1 3 5 1 1 3 1 5 1
37.5 1 ⁄2 1 ⁄2 ⁄16 ⁄4 62.1 1 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄16 58 1 ⁄2 ⁄2 ⁄8 51 1 ⁄2 ⁄8 ⁄2 45.1
3 1 1 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 1 1
... ... 1 ⁄8 ⁄4 ⁄4 64.9 1 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄16 60.2 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄8 55.9 1 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄2 48.7
3 5 3 3 3 1 3 1 5 3 5 3
... ... 1 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄16 60.2 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄4 55.9 1 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄16 48.7 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄8 42.8
3 5 1 3 3 5 3 1 3 3 5 1
... ... 1 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄4 60.2 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄16 55.9 1 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄8 48.7 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄2 42.8
1 1 1 1 1 5 5 1 3 3 1 1 1
31.5 1 ⁄4 1 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 62.9 1 ⁄4 ⁄16 ⁄16 58 1 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 53.6 1 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄2 46.2
1 1 5 3 1 3 1 1 1 5 1 5 3
31.5 1 ⁄4 1 ⁄4 ⁄16 ⁄16 58 1 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄4 53.6 1 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄16 46.2 1 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 40.3
1 1 5 1 1 3 5 1 1 3 1 5 1
31.5 1 ⁄4 1 ⁄4 ⁄16 ⁄4 58 1 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄16 53.6 1 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄8 46.2 1 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄2 40.3
3 3 3 3 1 1 3 5 5 3 3 3
... ... 1 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄16 67.6 1 ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄4 61.8 1 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄16 56.8 1 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄8 52.3
3 1 3 5 3 3 3 1 3 1 5
... ... 1 ⁄16 ⁄4 8 61.8 1 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄16 56.8 1 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄4 52.3 1 ⁄16 ⁄2 ⁄16 44.9
3 1 3 3 5 1 3 3 5 3 1 3
... ... 1 ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄16 61.8 1 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄4 56.8 1 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄16 52.3 1 ⁄16 ⁄2 ⁄8 44.9
1 3 3 1 1 1 1 5 5 1 3 3
... ... 1 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄16 66.6 1 ⁄8 ⁄4 ⁄4 60.7 1 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄16 55.5 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄8 51
1 1 1 5 3 1 3 1 1 1 5
... ... 1 ⁄8 ⁄4 8 60.7 1 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄16 55.5 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄4 51 1 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄16 43.4
1 1 3 1 5 1 1 3 5 1 1 3
... ... 1 ⁄8 ⁄4 ⁄16 60.7 1 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄4 55.5 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄16 51 1 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄8 43.4
1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 5 5 1 3 3
26.5 1 ⁄16 1 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄16 65.5 1 ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄4 59.4 1 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄16 54.1 1 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄8 49.5
1 1 1 1 5 3 1 3 1 1 1 5
26.5 1 ⁄16 1 ⁄16 ⁄4 8 59.4 1 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄16 54.1 1 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄4 49.5 1 ⁄16 ⁄2 ⁄16 41.9
1 1 1 3 1 5 1 1 3 5 1 1 3
26.5 1 ⁄16 1 ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄16 59.4 1 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄4 54.1 1 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄16 49.5 1 ⁄16 ⁄2 ⁄8 41.9
3 3 1 1 5 5 3 3
25 1 1 ⁄16 ⁄16 64.3 1 ⁄4 ⁄4 58 1 ⁄16 ⁄16 52.6 1 ⁄8 ⁄8 47.9
1 5 3 3 1 1 5
25 1 1 ⁄4 858 1 ⁄16 ⁄16 52.6 1 ⁄8 ⁄4 47.9 1 ⁄2 ⁄16 40.3
1 3 5 1 3 5 1 3
25 1 1 ⁄4 ⁄16 58 1 ⁄16 ⁄4 52.6 1 ⁄8 ⁄16 47.9 1 ⁄2 ⁄8 40.3
15 3 3 15 1 1 15 5 5 15 3 3
... ... ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄16 62.9 ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄4 56.4 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄16 51 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄8 46.2
15 1 15 5 3 15 3 1 15 1 5
... ... ⁄16 ⁄4 8 56.4 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄16 51 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄4 46.2 ⁄16 ⁄2 ⁄16 38.5
15 1 3 15 5 1 15 3 5 15 1 3
... ... ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄16 56.4 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄4 51 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄16 46.2 ⁄16 ⁄2 ⁄8 38.5
7 7 3 3 7 1 1 7 5 5 7 3 3
22.4 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄16 61.5 ⁄8 ⁄4 ⁄4 54.8 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄16 49.2 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄8 44.4
7 7 1 7 5 3 7 3 1 7 1 5
22.4 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄4 8 54.8 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄16 49.2 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄4 44.4 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄16 36.7
7 7 1 3 7 5 1 7 3 5 7 1 3
22.4 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄4 ⁄16 54.8 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄4 49.2 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄16 44.4 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄8 36.7
13 3 3 3 1 1 3 5 5 3 3 3
... ... ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄16 59.8 1 ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄4 53 1 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄16 47.2 1 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄8 42.4
13 1 3 5 3 3 3 1 3 1 5
... ... ⁄16 ⁄4 853 1 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄16 47.2 1 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄4 42.4 1 ⁄16 ⁄2 ⁄16 34.7
13 1 3 3 5 1 3 3 5 3 1 3
... ... ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄16 53 1 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄4 47.2 1 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄16 42.4 1 ⁄16 ⁄2 ⁄8 34.7
3 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 5 5 3 3 3
19 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄16 ⁄16 58 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 51 ⁄4 ⁄16 ⁄16 45.1 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄8 40.3
3 3 1 3 5 3 3 3 1 3 1 5
19 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 851 ⁄4 ⁄16 ⁄16 45.1 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄4 40.3 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄16 32.6
3 3 1 3 3 5 1 3 3 5 3 1 3
19 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄16 51 ⁄4 ⁄16 ⁄4 45.1 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄16 40.3 ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄8 32.6
11 3 3 11 1 1 11 5 5 11 3 3
... ... ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄16 55.9 ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄4 48.7 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄16 42.8 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄8 37.9
11 1 11 5 3 11 3 1 11 1 5
... ... ⁄16 ⁄4 8 48.7 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄16 42.8 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄4 37.9 ⁄16 ⁄2 ⁄16 30.3
11 1 3 11 5 1 11 3 5 11 1 3
... ... ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄16 48.7 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄4 42.8 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄16 37.9 ⁄16 ⁄2 ⁄8 30.3
5 5 5 5 3 3 5 1 1 5 5 5
16 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄32 858 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄16 53.6 ⁄8 ⁄4 ⁄4 46.2 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄16 40.3
5 5 3 5 1 5 5 3 5 3 1
16 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄16 10 53.6 ⁄8 ⁄4 8 46.2 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄16 40.3 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄4 35.4
5 5 3 5 1 3 5 5 1 5 3 5
16 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄16 8 53.6 ⁄8 ⁄4 ⁄16 46.2 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄4 40.3 ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄16 35.4
9 5 9 3 3 9 1 1 9 5 5
... ... ⁄16 ⁄32 8 55.5 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄16 51 ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄4 43.4 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄16 37.4
9 3 9 1 9 5 3 9 3 1
... ... ⁄16 ⁄16 10 51 ⁄16 ⁄4 8 43.4 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄16 37.4 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄4 32.6
9 3 9 1 3 9 5 1 9 3 5
... ... ⁄16 ⁄16 851 ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄16 43.4 ⁄16 ⁄16 ⁄4 37.4 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄16 32.6
17 17 5 3 17 7 1
13.2 ⁄32 . . . . . . . . ⁄32 ⁄32 ⁄16 54.1 ⁄32 ⁄32 ⁄4 45.4
17 17 5 17 7 17 11 3
13.2 ⁄32 . . . . ⁄32 ⁄32 10 54.1 ⁄32 ⁄32 8 45,4 ⁄32 ⁄32 ⁄16 33.4
17 17 5 17 7 3 17 11 1
13.2 ⁄32 . . . . ⁄32 ⁄32 8 54.1 ⁄32 ⁄32 ⁄16 45.4 ⁄32 ⁄32 ⁄4 33.4
1 1 3 3 1 1 1
12.5 ⁄2 . . . . . . . . ⁄2 ⁄16 ⁄16 47.9 ⁄2 ⁄4 ⁄4 40.3
1 1 3 1 1 1 5 3
12.5 ⁄2 . . . . ⁄2 ⁄16 10 47.9 ⁄2 ⁄4 8 40.3 ⁄2 ⁄16 ⁄16 34.3
1 1 3 1 1 3 1 5 1
12.5 ⁄2 . . . . ⁄2 ⁄16 8 47.9 ⁄2 ⁄4 ⁄16 40.3 ⁄2 ⁄16 ⁄4 34.3
E 674
TABLE 1 Continued
Perforated
Medium Light Medium Medium Heavy Heavy
Opening
USA
Stan- Indus-
Open- Gage- Open Open- Gage- Open Open- Gage- Open Open- Gage- Open
dard trial Bar, Bar, Bar, Bar,
ing, Steel, Area, ing, Steel, Area, ing, Steel, Area, ing, Steel, Area,
(metric), Stan- in. in. in. in.
in. in. % in. in. % in. in. % in. in. %
mm dard,
in.
15 1 15 5 3 15 7 1
... ... ... ... ... ... ⁄32 ⁄8 8 56.5 ⁄32 ⁄32 ⁄16 50.9 ⁄32 ⁄32 ⁄4 42.1
5 1 15 5 15 7 15 9 3
... ... 1 ⁄32 ⁄8 11 56.5 ⁄32 ⁄32 10 50.9 ⁄32 ⁄32 8 42.1 ⁄32 ⁄32 ⁄16 35.4
5 1 15 5 15 7 3 15
...

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ASTM D187-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Burning Quality of Kerosene

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Since the information provided by this test method is largely qualitative in nature, specific limits covering the following characteristics are required in referring to this test method in specifications for kerosene:  
5.1.1 Duration of the test: 16 h is understood, if not otherwise specified;  
5.1.2 Permissible change in flame shape and dimensions during the test;  
5.1.3 Description of the acceptable appearance of the chimney deposit.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of the burning properties of kerosene to be used for illuminating purposes. (Warning—Combustible. Vapor harmful.)
Note 1: The corresponding Energy Institute (IP) test method is IP 10 which features a quantitative evaluation of the wick-char-forming tendencies of the kerosene, whereas Test Method D187 features a qualitative performance evaluation of the kerosene. Both test methods subject the kerosene to somewhat more severe operating conditions than would be experienced in typical designated applications.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements appear throughout the test method.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D396-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Fuel Oils

ABSTRACT
This specification covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades include the following: Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 for use in domestic and small industrial burners; Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel; Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 (Heavy) for use in commercial/industrial burners; and Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 for use in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization. The grades of fuel oil shall be homogeneous hydrocarbon oils, free from inorganic acid, and free from excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter. Grades containing residual components shall remain uniform in normal storage and not separate by gravity into light and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade. The grades of fuel oil shall conform to the limiting requirements prescribed for: (1) flash point, (2) water and sediment, (3) physical distillation or simulated distillation, (4) kinematic viscosity, (5) Ramsbottom carbon residue, (6) ash, (7) sulfur, (8) copper strip corrosion, (9) density, and (10) pour point. The test methods for determining conformance to the specified properties are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 1 S15, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 2 S15 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, and No. 1 S15 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel.  
1.1.2 Grades B6–B20 S5000, B6–B20 S500, and B6–B20 S15 are middle distillate fuel/biodiesel blends for use in domestic and small industrial burners.  
1.1.3 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range.  
1.1.4 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization.  
Note 1: For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
Note 2: A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3.  
1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for purchases of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.  
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4.1 Non-SI units are provided in Table 1 and Table 2 and in 7.1.2.1/7.1.2.2 because these are common units used in the industry.
Note 3: The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D8165-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Used in Hypoid Final-Drive Axles Operated under Low-Speed and High-Torque Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6152/D6152M-12(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for SEBS-Modified Mopping Asphalt Used in Roofing

ABSTRACT
This specification covers SEBS (styrene-ethylenebutylene-styrene)-modified mopping asphalt intended for use in built-up roof construction, construction of some modified bitumen systems, construction of bituminous vapor retarder systems, and for adhering insulation boards used in various types of roofing systems. This specification is intended as a material specification and issues regarding the suitability of specific roof constructions or application techniques are beyond its scope. The specified tests and property values are intended to establish minimum properties. In place system design criteria or performance attributes are factors beyond the scope of this specification. The base asphalt shall be prepared from crude petroleum and the SEBS-modified asphalt shall incorporate sufficient SEBS as the primary polymeric modifier. The SEBS modified asphalt shall be homogeneous and free of water and shall conform to the prescribed physical properties including (1) softening point before and after heat exposure, (2) softening point change, (3) flash point, (4) penetration before and after heat exposure, (5) penetration change, (6) solubility in trichloroethylene, (7) tensile elongation, (8) elastic recovery, and (9) low temperature flexibility. The sampling and test methods to determine compliance with the specified physical properties, as well as the evaluation for stability during heat exposure are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene)-modified asphalt intended for use in built-up roof construction, construction of some modified bitumen systems, construction of bituminous vapor retarder systems, and for adhering insulation boards used in various types of roof systems.  
1.2 This specification is intended as a material specification. Issues regarding the suitability of specific roof constructions or application techniques are beyond its scope.  
1.3 The specified tests and property values used to characterize SEBS-modified asphalt are intended to establish minimum properties. In-place system design criteria or performance attributes are factors beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM B533-85(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Peel Strength of Metal Electroplated Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The force required to separate a metallic coating from its plastic substrate is determined by the interaction of several factors: the generic type and quality of the plastic molding compound, the molding process, the process used to prepare the substrate for electroplating, and the thickness and mechanical properties of the metallic coating. By holding all others constant, the effect on the peel strength by a change in any one of the above listed factors may be noted. Routine use of the test in a production operation can detect changes in any of the above listed factors.  
4.2 The peel test values do not directly correlate to the adhesion of metallic coatings on the actual product.  
4.3 When the peel test is used to monitor the coating process, a large number of plaques should be molded at one time from a same batch of molding compound used in the production moldings to minimize the effects on the measurements of variations in the plastic and the molding process.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method gives two procedures for measuring the force required to peel a metallic coating from a plastic substrate.2 One procedure (Procedure A) utilizes a universal testing machine and yields reproducible measurements that can be used in research and development, in quality control and product acceptance, in the description of material and process characteristics, and in communications. The other procedure (Procedure B) utilizes an indicating force instrument that is less accurate and that is sensitive to operator technique. It is suitable for process control use.  
1.2 The tests are performed on standard molded plaques. This method does not cover the testing of production electroplated parts.  
1.3 The tests do not necessarily measure the adhesion of a metallic coating to a plastic substrate because in properly prepared test specimens, separation usually occurs in the plastic just beneath the coating-substrate interface rather than at the interface. It does, however, reflect the degree that the process is controlled.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2170/D2170M-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The kinematic viscosity characterizes flow behavior. The method is used to determine the consistency of liquid asphalt as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply. The specifications are usually at temperatures of 60 and 135 °C.
Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of kinematic viscosity of liquid asphalts, road oils, and distillation residues of liquid asphalts all at 60 °C [140 °F] and of liquid asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] (see table notes, 11.1) in the range from 6 to 100 000 mm2/s [cSt].  
1.2 Results of this test method can be used to calculate viscosity when the density of the test material at the test temperature is known or can be determined. See Annex A1 for the method of calculation.  
Note 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures and at lower kinematic viscosities, but the precision is based on determinations on liquid asphalts and road oils at 60 °C [140 °F] and on asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] only in the viscosity range from 30 to 6000 mm2/s [cSt].
Note 2: Modified asphalt binders or asphalt binders that have been conditioned or recovered are typically non-Newtonian under the conditions of this test. The viscosity determined from this method is under the assumption that asphalt binders behave as Newtonian fluids under the conditions of this test. When the flow is non-Newtonian in a capillary tube, the shear rate determined by this method may be invalid. The presence of non-Newtonian behavior for the test conditions can be verified by measuring the viscosity with viscometers having different-sized capillary tubes. The defined precision limits in 11.1 may not be applicable to non-Newtonian asphalt binders.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior ...

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ASTM F319-19(2024)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Polarized Light Detection of Flaws in Aerospace Transparency Heating Elements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful as a screening basis for acceptance or rejection of transparencies during manufacturing so that units with identifiable flaws will not be carried to final inspection for rejection at that time.  
4.2 This practice may also be employed as a go-no go technique for acceptance or rejection of the finished product.  
4.3 This practice is simple, inexpensive, and effective. Flaws identified by this practice, as with other optical methods, are limited to those that produce temperature gradients when electrically powered. Any other type of flaw, such as minor scratches parallel to the direction of electrical flow, are not detectable.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a standard procedure for detecting flaws in the conductive coating (heater element) by the observation of polarized light patterns.  
1.2 This practice applies to coatings on surfaces of monolithic transparencies as well as to coatings imbedded in laminated structures.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C480/C480M-16(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Flexure Creep of Sandwich Constructions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the creep rate provides information on the behavior of sandwich constructions under constant applied force. Creep is defined as deflection under constant force over a period of time beyond the initial deformation as a result of the application of the force. Deflection data obtained from this test method can be plotted against time, and a creep rate determined. By using standard specimen constructions and constant loading, the test method may also be used to evaluate creep behavior of sandwich panel core-to-facing adhesives.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining flexure creep of sandwich constructions for quality control, acceptance specification testing, and research and development.  
5.3 Factors that influence the sandwich construction creep response and shall therefore be reported include the following: facing material, core material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, facing stacking sequence and overall thickness, core geometry (cell size), core density, core thickness, adhesive thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, speed of testing, facing void content, adhesive void content, and facing volume percent reinforcement. Further, facing and core-to-facing strength and creep response may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured facesheets of the same material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the creep characteristics and creep rate of flat sandwich constructions loaded in flexure, at any desired temperature. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
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ASTM D6356/D6356M-98(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Gas Generation of Aluminum Emulsified Asphalt Used as a Protective Coating for Roofing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This procedure measures the amount of hydrogen gas generation potential of aluminized emulsion roof coating. There is the possibility of water reacting with aluminum pigment to generate hydrogen gas. This situation is to be avoided, so this test was designed to evaluate coating formulations and assess the propensity to gassing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a hydrogen gas and stability test for aluminum emulsified asphalt coatings.  
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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1894-24(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selecting Dosimetry Systems for Application in Pulsed X-Ray Sources

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Flash X-ray facilities provide intense bremsstrahlung radiation environments, usually in a single sub-microsecond pulse, which often fluctuates in amplitude, shape, and spectrum from shot to shot. Therefore, appropriate dosimetry must be fielded on every exposure to characterize the environment, see ICRU Report 34. These intense bremsstrahlung sources have a variety of applications which include the following:
(1) Studies of the effects of X-rays and gamma rays on materials.
(2) Studies of the effects of radiation on electronic devices such as transistors, diodes, and capacitors.
(3) Computer code validation studies.  
4.2 This guide is written to assist the experimenter in selecting the needed dosimetry systems for use at pulsed X-ray facilities. This guide also provides a brief summary on how to use each of the dosimetry systems. Other guides (see Section 2) provide more detailed information on selected dosimetry systems in radiation environments and should be consulted after an initial decision is made on the appropriate dosimetry system to use. There are many key parameters which describe a flash X-ray source, such as dose, dose rate, spectrum, pulse width, etc., such that typically no single dosimetry system can measure all the parameters simultaneously. However, it is frequently the case that not all key parameters must be measured in a given experiment.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides assistance in selecting and using dosimetry systems in flash X-ray experiments. Both dose and dose rate techniques are described.  
1.2 Operating characteristics of flash X-ray sources are given, with emphasis on the spectrum of the photon output.  
1.3 Assistance is provided to relate the measured dose to the response of a device under test (DUT). The device is assumed to be a semiconductor electronic part or system.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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