ASTM D857-07e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Aluminum in Water
Standard Test Method for Aluminum in Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Although there is little information available concerning the toxicological significance of aluminum in man, the American Water Works Association has established a water quality guideline or goal of a maximum of 0.05 mg/L. Under the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), some permits may set aluminum discharge limits. Some evidence does exist to indicate that low levels (5 mg/L) will interfere with activated sludge processes. For the above reasons monitoring of aluminum may be desirable.
Aluminum is monitored in boiler make-up water, where alum has been used, to determine whether aluminum is present after pretreatment. Residual aluminum may consume ion exchange capacity or consume boiler water treatment chemicals added to stoichiometrically chelate hardness ions (that is, calcium and magnesium) in boiler feed water.
Aluminum is monitored in cooling water make-up, since its presence may result in deactivation of anionic substances in scale or corrosion inhibitor treatment chemicals, or both. Deactivation may result in decreased performance of inhibitors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the direct flame atomic absorption determination of aluminum in the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame.
1.2 This test method is applicable to waters containing dissolved and total recoverable aluminum in the range from 0.5 to 5.0 mg/L. Aluminum concentrations as high as approximately 50 mg/L can be determined using this test method without dilution. However, no precision and bias data are available for concentrations greater than 5.0 mg/L.
1.3 This test method was tested on reagent, natural, and potable waters. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.
1.4 The same digestion procedure may be used to determine total recoverable nickel (Test Methods D1886), chromium (Test Methods D1687), cobalt (Test Methods D3558), copper (Test Methods D1688), iron (Test Methods D1068), lead (Test Method D3559), manganese (Test Method D858), and zinc (Test Methods D1691).
1.5 Precision and bias data have been obtained on reagent, natural, and potable waters. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the validity of this test method on untested matrices.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 1, Note 2, and Note 3.
1.7 Former Test Methods A (Fluorometric) and B and C (Spectrophotometric) were discontinued. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
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Designation: D857 − 07
StandardTest Method for
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Aluminum in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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´ NOTE—Added research report information to Section 14 editorially in November 2010.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
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1.1 This test method covers the direct flame atomic absorp- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion determination of aluminum in the nitrous oxide-acetylene D858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water
flame. D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
D1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
1.2 This test method is applicable to waters containing
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
dissolvedandtotalrecoverablealuminumintherangefrom0.5
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
to 5.0 mg/L. Aluminum concentrations as high as approxi-
D1687 Test Methods for Chromium in Water
mately 50 mg/L can be determined using this test method
D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
without dilution. However, no precision and bias data are
D1691 Test Methods for Zinc in Water
available for concentrations greater than 5.0 mg/L.
D1886 Test Methods for Nickel in Water
1.3 This test method was tested on reagent, natural, and
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
potable waters. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D3558 Test Methods for Cobalt in Water
1.4 The same digestion procedure may be used to determine
D3559 Test Methods for Lead in Water
total recoverable nickel (Test Methods D1886), chromium
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
(Test Methods D1687), cobalt (Test Methods D3558), copper
Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
(Test Methods D1688), iron (Test Methods D1068), lead (Test
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
Method D3559), manganese (Test Method D858), and zinc
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
(Test Methods D1691).
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
1.5 Precision and bias data have been obtained on reagent,
natural, and potable waters. It is the responsibility of the user
3. Terminology
to ensure the validity of this test method on untested matrices.
3.1 Definitions— For definitions of terms used in these test
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the methods, refer to Terminology D1129.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 total recoverable aluminum—an arbitrary term relat-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ing to the forms of aluminum recovered in the acid digestion
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
procedure specified in this test method.
statements, see Note 1, Note 2, and Note 3.
1.7 Former Test Methods A (Fluorometric) and B and C 4. Summary of Test Method
(Spectrophotometric) were discontinued. Refer to Appendix
4.1 Aluminum is determined by direct atomic absorption
X1 for historical information.
with only the addition of an ionization suppressor and sensi-
tivity enhancer (optional).
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic
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Constituents in Water. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published September 2007. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D857 – 02. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D0857-07E01. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D857 − 07
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5. Significance and Use where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
5.1 Althoughthereislittleinformationavailableconcerning
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
the toxicological significance of aluminum in man, theAmeri-
accuracy of the determination.
can Water Works Association has established a water quality
8.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
guideline or goal of a maximum of 0.05 mg/L.
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