ASTM D857-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Aluminum in Water
Standard Test Method for Aluminum in Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Although there is little information available concerning the toxicological significance of aluminum in man, the American Water Works Association has established a water quality guideline or goal of a maximum of 0.05 mg/L. Under the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), some permits may set aluminum discharge limits. Some evidence does exist to indicate that low levels (5 mg/L) will interfere with activated sludge processes. For the above reasons monitoring of aluminum may be desirable.
Aluminum is monitored in boiler make-up water, where alum has been used, to determine whether aluminum is present after pretreatment. Residual aluminum may consume ion exchange capacity or consume boiler water treatment chemicals added to stoichiometrically chelate hardness ions (that is, calcium and magnesium) in boiler feed water.
Aluminum is monitored in cooling water make-up, since its presence may result in deactivation of anionic substances in scale or corrosion inhibitor treatment chemicals, or both. Deactivation may result in decreased performance of inhibitors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the direct flame atomic absorption determination of aluminum in the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame.
1.2 This test method is applicable to waters containing dissolved and total recoverable aluminum in the range from 0.5 to 5.0 mg/L. Aluminum concentrations as high as approximately 50 mg/L can be determined using this test method without dilution. However, no precision and bias data are available for concentrations greater than 5.0 mg/L.
1.3 This test method was tested on reagent, natural, and potable waters. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.
1.4 The same digestion procedure may be used to determine total recoverable nickel (Test Methods D 1886), chromium (Test Methods D 1687), cobalt (Test Methods D 3558), copper (Test Methods D 1688), iron (Test Methods D 1068), lead (Test Method D 3559), manganese (Test Method D 858), and zinc (Test Methods D 1691).
1.5 Precision and bias data have been obtained on reagent, natural, and potable waters. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the validity of this test method on untested matrices.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 1, Note 2, and Note 3.
1.6 Former Test Methods A (Fluorometric) and B and C (Spectrophotometric) were discontinued. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D857–07
Standard Test Method for
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Aluminum in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
D1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
1.1 This test method covers the direct flame atomic absorp-
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
tion determination of aluminum in the nitrous oxide-acetylene
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
flame.
D1687 Test Methods for Chromium in Water
1.2 This test method is applicable to waters containing
D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
dissolvedandtotalrecoverablealuminumintherangefrom0.5
D1691 Test Methods for Zinc in Water
to 5.0 mg/L. Aluminum concentrations as high as approxi-
D1886 Test Methods for Nickel in Water
mately 50 mg/L can be determined using this test method
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
without dilution. However, no precision and bias data are
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
available for concentrations greater than 5.0 mg/L.
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
1.3 This test method was tested on reagent, natural, and
D3558 Test Methods for Cobalt in Water
potable waters. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the
D3559 Test Methods for Lead in Water
validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
1.4 The same digestion procedure may be used to determine
Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
total recoverable nickel (Test Methods D1886), chromium
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
(Test Methods D1687), cobalt (Test Methods D3558), copper
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
(Test Methods D1688), iron (Test Methods D1068), lead (Test
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
Method D3559), manganese (Test Method D858), and zinc
(Test Methods D1691).
3. Terminology
1.5 Precision and bias data have been obtained on reagent,
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these test
natural, and potable waters. It is the responsibility of the user
methods, refer to Terminology D1129.
to ensure the validity of this test method on untested matrices.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 total recoverable aluminum—an arbitrary term relat-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ing to the forms of aluminum recovered in the acid digestion
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
procedure specified in this test method.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
4. Summary of Test Method
statements, see Note 1, Note 2, and Note 3.
4.1 Aluminum is determined by direct atomic absorption
1.7 Former Test Methods A (Fluorometric) and B and C
with only the addition of an ionization suppressor and sensi-
(Spectrophotometric) were discontinued. Refer to Appendix
tivity enhancer (optional).
X1 for historical information.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
2 5.1 Although there is little information available concerning
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the toxicological significance of aluminum in man, theAmeri-
D858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water
can Water Works Association has established a water quality
guideline or goal of a maximum of 0.05 mg/L. Under the
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES),
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic
some permits may set aluminum discharge limits. Some
Constituents in Water.
evidence does exist to indicate that low levels (5 mg/L) will
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published September 2007. Originally
approved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D857 – 02. DOI: interfere with activated sludge processes. For the above rea-
10.1520/D0857-07.
sons monitoring of aluminum may be desirable.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D857–07
5.2 Aluminum is monitored in boiler make-up water, where 8.3 Aluminum Solution, St
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