ASTM D4218-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon Black Content in Polyethylene Compounds by the Muffle-Furnace Technique
Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon Black Content in Polyethylene Compounds by the Muffle-Furnace Technique
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is capable of yielding duplicate test data, in 20 min or less, for a simple carbon black content determination.
5.2 This test method is suitable for manufacturing quality control, technical service, and research work.
5.3 For referee requirements, the number of replicate measurements is increased. Alternatively, a control sample of known carbon black content is tested with the unknown sample.
5.4 Test Method D1603 is available for referee testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of black polyethylene compounds containing channel or furnace black. It is not applicable to thermal black.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for plastics that char on pyrolysis.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4218 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Carbon Black Content in Polyethylene
1
Compounds by the Muffle-Furnace Technique
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4218; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of black
E2935 Practice for Conducting Equivalence Testing in
polyethylene compounds containing channel or furnace black.
Laboratory Applications
It is not applicable to thermal black.
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International
1.2 This test method is not suitable for plastics that char on
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
pyrolysis.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Terms used in this standard are defined in accordance
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
with Terminology D883, unless otherwise specified. For terms
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
relating to precision and bias and associated issues, the terms
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
used in this standard are defined in accordance with Terminol-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ogy E456.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.
3.2.1 channel black—those carbon blacks produced by a
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
processthatoperatesinanopensysteminwhichamultitudeof
small diffusion flames burn in air and carbon is deposited on
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
cooled surfaces.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 3.2.2 furnace black—those carbon blacks produced using
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- the principle of continuous oxidative combustion in closed
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical systems.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.3 thermal black—those carbon blacks based on a pro-
cess that uses thermal decomposition in the absence of oxygen
2. Referenced Documents
andoperatesinaclosedsystem.Particlesgrowveryslowlyand
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
can become very large and filamentous structures.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
3.3 Symbols—Units and symbols used in this test method
D1603 Test Method for Carbon Black Content in Olefin
are those recommended in Practice IEEE/ASTM SI-10.
Plastics
D2741 Test Method for Susceptibility of Polyethylene
4. Summary of Test Method
3
Bottles to Soot Accumulation (Withdrawn 2011)
4.1 Black polyethylene compound contained in a disposable
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
aluminum weighing dish is pyrolyzed in a muffle furnace for a
short period. During the pyrolysis of the polymer, the air in the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
muffle furnace becomes oxygen-deficient to prevent the com-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods
bustion of the residual carbon black. Any soot, as defined in
(Section D20.70.01).
Test Method D2741, produced by the initial combustion of the
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2020. Published March 2020. Originally
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4218 – 15. DOI:
gases is consumed before the carbon black itself.
10.1520/D4218-20.
2
4.2 After cooling and weighing for residual carbon black,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the dish and contents are reinserted into the muffle furnace to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
determine ash content and the results used to determine true
the ASTM website.
3
carbon black content. This is done only if the compound is
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. suspected of containing mineral fillers as well as carbon black.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4218 − 15 D4218 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Carbon Black Content in Polyethylene
1
Compounds Byby the Muffle-Furnace Technique
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4218; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of black polyethylene compounds containing channel or furnace black. It is not
applicable to thermal black.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for plastics that char on pyrolysis.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1603 Test Method for Carbon Black Content in Olefin Plastics
3
D2741 Test Method for Susceptibility of Polyethylene Bottles to Soot Accumulation (Withdrawn 2011)
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2935 Practice for Conducting Equivalence Testing in Laboratory Applications
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of plastics terms Terms used in this test method, see standard are defined in accordance with
Terminology D883, unless otherwise specified. For terms relating to precision and bias and associated issues, the terms used in
this standard are defined in accordance with Terminology E456.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 channel black—those carbon blacks produced by a process that operates in an open system in which a multitude of small
diffusion flames burn in air and carbon is deposited on cooled surfaces.
3.2.2 furnace black—those carbon blacks produced using the principle of continuous oxidative combustion in closed systems.
3.2.3 thermal black—those carbon blacks based on a process that uses thermal decomposition in the absence of oxygen and
operates in a closed system. Particles grow very slowly and can become very large and filamentous structures.
3.3 Symbols—Units and symbols used in this test method are those recommended in Practice IEEE/ASTM SI-10.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods (Section
D20.70.01).
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015Feb. 1, 2020. Published December 2015March 2020. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20082015 as
D4218 – 96D4218 – 15.(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D4218-15.10.1520/D4218-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4218 − 20
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Black polyethylene compound contained in a disposable aluminum weighing dish is pyrolyzed in a muffle furnace for a short
period. During the pyrolysis of the polymer, the air in the muffle furnace becomes oxygen-deficient to prevent the combustion of
the residual carbon black. Any soot, as defined in Test Method D2741, produced by the initial combu
...
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