ASTM B391-09
(Specification)Standard Specification for Niobium and Niobium Alloy Ingots
Standard Specification for Niobium and Niobium Alloy Ingots
ABSTRACT
This specification covers unalloyed and alloyed niobium ingots prepared by vacuum- or plasma-arc melting or electron-beam melting to produce consolidated metal for processing to various mill shapes. The materials covered by this specification are R04200-Type 1 which is a reactor grade unalloyed niobium, R04210-Type 2 which is a commercial grade unalloyed niobium, R04251-Type 3 which is a reactor grade niobium alloy, and R04261-Type 4 which is a commercial grade niobium alloy. The ingot metal for all four types shall be vacuum or plasma arc melted, vacuum electron-beam melted, or any combination of these three methods. The materials shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, zirconium, tantalum, iron, silicon, tungsten, nickel, molybdenum, hafnium, titanium, boron, aluminum, beryllium, chromium, and cobalt. The ingots shall also conform to the required maximum Brinell hardness.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
For the purpose of determining compliance with the specified limits for requirements of the properties listed in the following tables, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded as indicated in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers unalloyed and alloyed niobium ingots prepared by vacuum- or plasma-arc melting or electron-beam melting to produce consolidated metal for processing to various mill shapes.
1.2 The materials covered by this specification are:
1.2.1 R04200-Type 1—Reactor grade unalloyed niobium,
1.2.2 R04210-Type 2—Commercial grade unalloyed niobium,
1.2.3 R04251-Type 3—Reactor grade niobium alloy containing 1 % zirconium, and
1.2.4 R04261-Type 4—Commercial grade niobium alloy containing 1 % zirconium.
1.3 Unless a single unit is used, for example, force for hardness testing in kN, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B391 – 09
Standard Specification for
1
Niobium and Niobium Alloy Ingots
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B391; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversunalloyedandalloyedniobium
E2626 Guide for Spectrometric Analysis of Reactive and
ingots prepared by vacuum- or plasma-arc melting or electron-
Refractory Metals
beam melting to produce consolidated metal for processing to
various mill shapes.
3. Ordering Information
1.2 The materials covered by this specification are:
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
1.2.1 R04200-Type 1—Reactor grade unalloyed niobium,
the following information, as applicable:
1.2.2 R04210-Type 2—Commercial grade unalloyed nio-
3.1.1 ASTM standard number and year of issue,
bium,
3.1.2 Type (see 1.2),
1.2.3 R04251-Type 3—Reactor grade niobium alloy con-
3.1.3 Quantity in weight or pieces,
taining 1 % zirconium, and
3.1.4 Size, diameter and length,
1.2.4 R04261-Type 4—Commercial grade niobium alloy
3.1.5 Chemistry (see 5.2),
containing 1 % zirconium.
3.1.6 Permissible overshipment (see 6.1),
1.3 Unless a single unit is used, for example, force for
3.1.7 Quality and finish (see 7.2 and 7.6),
hardness testing in kN, the values stated in inch-pound units
3.1.8 Sampling (Section 8)
are to be regarded as standard.The values given in parentheses
3.1.9 Packaging (Section 15), and
are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
3.1.10 Required reports (Section 13).
information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
4. Materials and Manufacture
test method portions of this specification: This standard does
4.1 The ingot metal for all four types may be vacuum or
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
plasma arc melted, vacuum electron-beam melted, or any
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
combination of these three methods.
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
5. Chemical Requirements
to use.
5.1 The finished ingot shall conform to the requirements for
chemical composition as prescribed in Table 1.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 Analysis for elements not listed in Table 1 and not
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
normally expected in niobium shall not be required unless
specified at time of purchase.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 on
Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of 6. Permissible Variations
Subcommittee B10.03 on Niobium and Tantalum.
6.1 Quantity—For orders requiring up to 100 lb (45.4 kg) of
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
ingots, the manufacturer may overship up to a maximum of
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as B391 – 03. DOI:
10.1520/B0391-09.
20 %. For orders up to and including 1000 lb (454 kg), the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
manufacturer may overship up to a maximum of 10 %. The
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
permissible overshipment shall be negotiated for orders larger
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. than 1000 lb (454 kg).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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B391 – 09
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Type 1 (Reactor Type 2 (Commercial Type 3 (Reactor Type 4 (Commercial
Element Grade Unalloyed Grade Unalloyed Grade Niobium–1 % Grade Niobium–1 %
Niobium) Niobium) Zirconium) Zirconium)
R04200 R04210 R04251 R04261
Max Weight % (Except Where Otherwise Specified)
Each Ingot:
Carbon 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Nitrogen 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Oxygen 0.015 0.025 0.015 0.025
Hydrogen 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015
Zirconium 0.02 0.02 0.8 to 1.2 (range) 0.8 to 1.2 (range)
Tantalum 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5
Iron 0.005 0.01 0.005 0.01
Silicon 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
Tungsten 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.05
Nickel 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
Molybdenum 0.010 0.020 0.010 0.050
Hafnium 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
Titanium 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03
When Specified:
Boron 2 ppm . 2 ppm .
Aluminum 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.005
Beryllium 0.005 . 0.005 .
Chromium 0.002 . 0.002 .
Cobalt 0.002 . 0.002 .
7. Quality and Finish
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B391–03 Designation: B391 – 09
Standard Specification for
1
Niobium and Niobium Alloy Ingots
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B391; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers unalloyed and alloyed niobium ingots prepared by vacuum- or plasma-arc melting or
electron-beam melting to produce consolidated metal for processing to various mill shapes. Note1—Committee B10 has adopted
“niobium” as the designation for Element No. 41, formerly named “columbium.”
1.2 The materials covered by this specification are:
1.2.1 R04200-Type 1—Reactor grade unalloyed niobium,
1.2.2 R04210-Type 2—Commercial grade unalloyed niobium,
1.2.3 R04251-Type 3—Reactor grade niobium alloy containing 1 % zirconium, and
1.2.4 R04261-Type 4—Commercial grade niobium alloy containing 1 % zirconium.
1.3Unless a single unit is used, for example force for hardness testing in kN, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 Unless a single unit is used, for example, force for hardness testing in kN, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information
only and are not considered standard.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions of this specification: This standard does not
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: E10Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications Practice for Using
Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E2626 Guide for Spectrometric Analysis of Reactive and Refractory Metals
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the following information, as applicable:
3.1.1 ASTM standard number and year of issue,
3.1.2 Type (see 1.2),
3.1.3 Quantity in weight or pieces,
3.1.4 Size, diameter and length,
3.1.5 Chemistry (see 5.2),
3.1.6Hardness (see 6.2
3.1.6 Permissible overshipment (see 6.1),
3.1.7Permissible overshipment (see 7.1),
3.1.8Quality and finish (see 8.2
3.1.7 Quality and finish (see 7.2 and 8.67.6),
3.1.9Sampling (Section 9
3.1.8 Sampling (Section 8)
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 on Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B10.03 on Niobium and Tantalum. Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as
B391–99. DOI: 10.1520/B0391-03.on Niobium and Tantalum.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as B391 – 03. DOI:
10.1520/B0391-09.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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B391 – 09
3.1.10Packaging (Section 16
3.1.9 Packaging (Section 15), and
3.1.11Required reports (Section 14
3.1.10 Required reports (Section 13).
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 The ingot metal for all four types may be vacuum or plasma arc melted, vacuum electron-beam melted, or any combination
of these three methods.
5.Chemical Requirements Chemical Requirements
5. Chemical Requirements
5.1 The finished ingot shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition as prescribed in Table 1.
5.2 Analysis for elements not listed in Table 1 and not normally expected in niobium shall not be required unless specified at
time of purchase.
6. Hardness
6.1
...
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