ASTM A391/A391M-07

Standard Specification for Grade 80 Alloy Steel Chain

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with Grade 80 heat-treated alloy steel chain for applications such as slings, lifting assemblies, and load binding. The alloy steel chain shall be made to a fully-killed fine austenitic grain process. Alloy steel chain may be made by the electric welding or gas welding process. The material shall be heat treated which includes quenching and tempering. Material's composition shall conform to the chemical requirements for carbon, phosphorous, sulfur, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum. The material shall conform to the mechanical property requirements for breaking force and elongation and to the dimensional requirements for the appropriate size chain. All chain shall be tested to at least the proof load.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers Grade 80 heat-treated alloy steel chain for such applications as slings, lifting assemblies, and load binding.
Note 1—This specification does not cover alloy steel chain for pocket wheel applications.  
1.2 The Grade designation is 1/10 of the minimum breaking strength in newtons divided by two times the nominal cross-sectional area of the chain in square millimetres.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2007
• ICS: 77.140.65 - Steel wire, wire ropes and link chains
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.27 - Steel Chain

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A391/A391M-01 - Standard Specification for Grade 80 Alloy Steel Chain
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM A906/A906M-02(2022) - Standard Specification for Grade 80 and Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain Slings for Overhead Lifting
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Referred By: ASTM A952/A952M-02(2022) - Standard Specification for Forged Grade 80 and Grade 100 Steel Lifting Components and Welded Attachment Links
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A391/A391M −07
StandardSpecification for
1
Grade 80 Alloy Steel Chain
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA391/A391M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.1.2 date code, n—series of letters, numbers, or both,
embossedonthechainwhichenablesitsmanufacturinghistory
1.1 This specification covers Grade 80 heat-treated alloy
to be traced.
steel chain for such applications as slings, lifting assemblies,
and load binding. 3.1.3 lot,n—forthepurposeofacceptancetesting,alotshall
consist of 3000 ft [1000 m], or fraction thereof, of the same
NOTE 1—This specification does not cover alloy steel chain for pocket
grade and size chain. If a continuous length of chain exceeds
wheel applications.
3000 ft [1000 m], it shall also be considered a lot.
1
1.2 The Grade designation is ⁄10 of the minimum breaking
3.1.4 proof test, n—quality control tensile test applied to
strength in newtons divided by two times the nominal cross-
chain for the purpose of verifying weld and material quality.
sectional area of the chain in square millimetres.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—It is the minimum force in pounds or
1.3 ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinotherunitsshall
newtons which the chain has withstood at the time it left the
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
producer, under a test in which a constantly increasing force
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
has been applied in direct tension to a straight length of chain.
must be used independently of the other, without combining
Proof test loads are a manufacturing integrity test and shall not
values in any way.
be used as criteria for service or design purposes.
3.1.5 traceability code, n—series of letters, numbers, or
2. Referenced Documents
both, embossed on the chain which enables its manufacturing
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
history, including the identity of the steel heat, to be traced.
A29/A29MSpecification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,
3.1.6 working load limit (WLL), n—maximum combined
Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
static and dynamic load in pounds or kilograms that shall be
A751Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
applied in direct tension to an undamaged straight length of
cal Analysis of Steel Products
chain.
A941TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
4. Ordering Information
4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify
3. Terminology
all requirements that are necessary for material ordered under
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
this specification. Such requirements to be considered include,
3.1.1 breaking force, minimum, n—minimum force in
but are not limited to, the following:
poundsornewtonsatwhichthechain,duringmanufacture,has
4.1.1 Product to conform to Specification A391 or A391M
been found by testing to break when a constantly increasing
and year of issue,
force is applied in direct tension.
4.1.2 Nominal size of chain in in. [mm],
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This test is a manufacturer’s attribute
4.1.3 Quantity of chain in ft [m],
acceptance test and shall not be used as criteria for service.
4.1.4 Length of each piece, if required,
4.1.5 Finish, if required,
4.1.6 Certification of test(s), if required, and
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
4.1.7 Acceptance of inspection by purchaser, if required.
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.27 on Steel Chain.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally 5. Manufacturing
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as A391/A391M–01.
5.1 Melting Process—The alloy steel shall be made to a
DOI: 10.1520/A0391_A0391M-07.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or fully-killed fine austenitic grain process.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2 Welding Process—Alloysteelchainmaybemadebythe
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. electric welding or gas welding process.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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A391/A391M−07
TABLE 2 Mechanical Test Sample Length Requirements
5.3 Heat Treatment—After welding, alloy steel chain shall
be heat treated before applying the proof test. Heat treatment Minimum Number o
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A391/A391M–01 Designation: A 391/A 391M – 07
Standard Specification for
1
Grade 80 Alloy Steel Chain
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationA391/A391M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers Grade 80 heat-treated alloy steel chain for such applications as slings, lifting assemblies, and load
binding.
NOTE 1—This specification does not cover alloy steel chain for pocket wheel applications.
1.2ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinotherunitsshallberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Thevaluesstatedineachsystem
may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any
way.
1
1.2 TheGradedesignationis ⁄10oftheminimumbreakingstrengthinnewtonsdividedbytwotimesthenominalcross-sectional
area of the chain in square millimetres.
1.3 ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinotherunitsshallberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Thevaluesstatedineachsystem
may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any
way.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Requirements for
Terminology Relating to Body Dimensions for Apparel Sizing
A751 Terminology Relating to Body Dimensions for Apparel Sizing
E30Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron
E44Definitions of Terms Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals
E350Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought
3
Iron
3
E415Test Method for Optical Emission Vacuum Spectrometric Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel A941 Terminology
Relating to Body
Dimensions for
Apparel Sizing
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 breaking force, minimum, n—the minimum —minimum force in pounds or newtons at which the chain, during
manufacture, has been found by testing to break when a constantly increasing force is applied in direct tension.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This test is a manufacturer’s attribute acceptance test and shall not be used as criteria for service.
3.1.2 lot—for the purpose of acceptance testing, a lot shall consist of 3000 ft [1000 m], or fraction thereof, of the same grade
and size chain. If a continuous length of chain exceeds 3000 ft [1000 m], it shall also be considered a lot. date code, n—series of
letters, numbers, or both, embossed on the chain which enables its manufacturing history to be traced.
3.1.3 proof test—a quality control tensile test applied to chain for the purpose of verifying weld and material quality. It is the
minimum force in pounds or newtons which the chain has withstood at the time it left the producer, under a test in which a
constantly increasing force has been applied in direct tension to a straight length of chain. Proof test loads are a manufacturing
integrity test and shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes. lot, n—for the purpose of acceptance testing, a lot
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel,Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.27 on Steel Chain.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2001.Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2001.2007. Originally published as A391–55T.approved in 1955. Last previous edition
A391–98.approved in 2001 as A391/A391M–01.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 01.05.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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A 391/A 391M – 07
shall consist of 3000 ft [1000 m], or fraction thereof, of the same grade and size chain. If a continuous length of chain exceeds
3000 ft [1000 m], it shall also be considered a lot.
3.1.4 working load limit (WLL)—the maximum combined static and dynamic load in pounds or kilograms that shall be applied
indirecttens
...