ASTM D6108-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Plastic Lumber and Shapes
Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Plastic Lumber and Shapes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastic lumber and shapes when these products are used under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made. In the case of some materials, there will be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
4.2 Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, secant modulus, compressive strength, and stress at a given strain. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture nor exhibits a compressive yield point, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure. Many plastic lumber materials will not exhibit a true yield point. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases. For plastic lumber, the stress at a given strain of 3 % (0.03 in./in. (mm/mm)) is typically used.
4.3 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of plastic lumber and shapes, when the entire cross-section is loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens in the “as-manufactured” form are employed. As such, this is a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as a product and not a material property test method.
1.2 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made predominantly with recycled plastics. However, this test method would also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins, or where the product is non-homogenous in the cross-section.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D6108 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Compressive Properties of Plastic Lumber and Shapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6108; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the me-
als
chanical properties of plastic lumber and shapes, when the
D5033 GuideforDevelopmentofASTMStandardsRelating
entire cross-section is loaded in compression at relatively low
to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics (Withdrawn
uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens in the
3
2007)
“as-manufactured” form are employed. As such, this is a test
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or
Plastics Specimens
shapes as a product and not a material property test method.
D6111 Test Method for Bulk Density And Specific Gravity
1.2 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made
of Plastic Lumber and Shapes by Displacement
predominantly with recycled plastics. However, this test
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
method would also be applicable to similar manufactured
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
plastic products made from virgin resins, or where the product
someter Systems
is non-homogenous in the cross-section.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded Determine the Precision of a Test Method
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
3. Terminology
information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.1 compressive deformation—the decrease in length pro-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- duced in the gage length of the test specimen by a compressive
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- load. It is expressed in units of length.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.2 compressive strain—the ratio of compressive defor-
mation to the gage length of the test specimen, that is, the
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
change in length per unit of original gage length along the
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
longitudinal axis. It is expressed as a dimensionless ratio.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 3.1.3 compressive strength—the maximum compressive
stress (nominal) carried by a test specimen during a compres-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical sion test. It may or may not be the compressive stress
(nominal) carried by the specimen at the moment of rupture.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.4 compressive stress (nominal)—the compressive load
2. Referenced Documents
per unit area of minimum (or effective as calculated in
2
accordance with Test Method D6111) original cross section
2.1 ASTM Standards:
within the gage boundaries, carried by the test specimen at any
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
given moment. It is expressed in force per unit area.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—The expression of compressive stress
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
in terms of the minimum original cross section is almost
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Lumber (Section
universally used. Under some circumstances the compressive
D20.20.01).
stress has been expressed per unit of prevailing cross section.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6108 – 13. DOI: This stress is called the “true compressive stress”.
10.1520/D6108-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6108 − 13 D6108 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Compressive Properties of Plastic Lumber and Shapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6108; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of plastic lumber and shapes, when the entire
cross-section is loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens in the
“as-manufactured” form are employed. As such, this is a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as
a product and not a material property test method.
1.2 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made predominantly with recycled plastics. However, this test method would
also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins, or where the product is non-homogenous in
the cross-section.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
3
D5033 Guide for Development of ASTM Standards Relating to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics (Withdrawn 2007)
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
D6111 Test Method for Bulk Density And Specific Gravity of Plastic Lumber and Shapes by Displacement
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 compressive deformation—the decrease in length produced in the gage length of the test specimen by a compressive load.
It is expressed in units of length.
3.1.2 compressive strain—the ratio of compressive deformation to the gage length of the test specimen, that is, the change in
length per unit of original gage length along the longitudinal axis. It is expressed as a dimensionless ratio.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Lumber (Section
D20.20.01).
Current edition approved June 1, 2013June 1, 2018. Published June 2013June 2018. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20092013 as
D6108 – 09.D6108 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D6108-13.10.1520/D6108-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6108 − 18
3.1.3 compressive strength—the maximum compressive stress (nominal) carried by a test specimen during a compression test.
It may or may not be the compressive stress (nominal) carried by the specimen at the moment of rupture.
3.1.4 compressive stress (nominal)—the compressive load per unit area of minimum (or effective as calculated in accordance
with Test Method D6111) original cross section within the gage boundaries, carried
...
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