ASTM F1574-03a(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Gaskets at Elevated Temperatures
Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Gaskets at Elevated Temperatures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The compressive strength or crush-extrusion resistance of a gasket material is a major factor with regard to the selection of a given material for use in a particular sealing application. The significance of the test method is based, in part, on the assumption that a material, once it has been crushed or extruded, will no longer function as effectively as a seal. This assumption can only be used as a guide, however, since exact yield or failure points are difficult to define for gasket materials (which are usually viscoelastic in nature). Two or more materials can be compared to determine differences in their resistance to compressive stress. A sample of material can be compared to an established standard or previously determined characteristics on original lots of the same material, for quality assurance purposes. See 6.2 for discussion of specimen area and geometry effects.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of compressive strength characteristics (crush-extrusion resistance) of gasket materials at elevated temperature.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: F1574 − 03a (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Compressive Strength of Gaskets at Elevated
Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1574; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope user, to determine the relationship between temperature and
compressive behavior.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of compres-
sive strength characteristics (crush-extrusion resistance) of
4. Significance and Use
gasket materials at elevated temperature.
4.1 The compressive strength or crush-extrusion resistance
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
of a gasket material is a major factor with regard to the
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
selection of a given material for use in a particular sealing
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
application. The significance of the test method is based, in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
part, on the assumption that a material, once it has been
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
crushed or extruded, will no longer function as effectively as a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
seal. This assumption can only be used as a guide, however,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
since exact yield or failure points are difficult to define for
gasketmaterials(whichareusuallyviscoelasticinnature).Two
2. Referenced Documents
or more materials can be compared to determine differences in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
their resistance to compressive stress.Asample of material can
F104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materi-
be compared to an established standard or previously deter-
als
mined characteristics on original lots of the same material, for
F1315 Test Method for Density of a Sheet Gasket Material
quality assurance purposes. See 6.2 for discussion of specimen
area and geometry effects.
3. Summary of the Test Method
3.1 Specimens cut from gasket material are subjected to 5. Apparatus
various stresses perpendicular to the flat surface of the speci-
5.1 Testing Machine , for applying a known value of com-
mens for a specified time at 150°C (302°F). Dimensional
pressive stresses to specimens. The machine should be capable
changes to the thickness and in the plane of the specimen are
of applying a stress of up to 520 MPa (75 400 psi) (tolerance
determined while it is under stress and after the stress has been
of 65 %), depending on the indent resistance of the steel
removed. A graphical display of percent deformation plotted
platens and the means of reading the applied load.
against the applied stress will enable determination of a
5.2 Hardened Steel Platens, Two (Rockwell of C35 to 40 or
compressive yield stress point beyond which the material will
equivalent), circular shape, larger than the specimen diameter.
no longer decrease in thickness without also extruding in the
A suitable size is a diameter of approximately 100 mm (3.94
planar dimensions. This condition is also revealed by physical
in.). The surface finish shall be RMS 0.25 to 0.50 µm (10 to 20
measurements of the change in size of the specimens in the
µm). Fig. 1 shows a suitable arrangement of steel platens and
planar dimensions. Tests may be performed at various
test specimen.
temperatures, as agreed upon between the producer and the
5.3 DeviceforApplyingHeattoPlatenssufficienttoachieve
a desired temperature at interface with gasket material speci-
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F03 on Gaskets
mens.An example of this device is also shown in Fig. 1, where
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.20 on Mechanical Test
a resistance heater surrounds the hardened platens. In some
Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published April 2010. Originally
cases, the loading device itself may be heated, such as with a
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F1574 – 03a. DOI:
10.1520/F1574-03AR09.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Examples of such equipment include Baldwin-Southwark, Instron, Tinius-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Olsen, MTS, or any type of pressing device which has been properly calibrated to
the ASTM website. apply a known force.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1574 − 03a (2009)
FIG. 1 Device for Testing Gasket for Compressive Strength at Elevated Temperature
hot press. Any appropriate means is acceptable. The recom- inner radius. The area will be approximately 323 mm (0.5
mended elevated temperature is 150 6 5°C (302 6 9°F). Other in. ). If, because of loading capacity or agreement between the
temperatures may be employed as desired, or as agreed upon producer and the user, a specimen of different area is tested, it
between the producer and the user. is recommended that the annulus width be kept constant at 5.5
mm (0.219 in.) so as not to introduce additional variation to the
5.4 TemperatureMeasuringDeviceforuseatinterface,such
test. If comparisons between two or more laboratories are to be
as a thermocouple assembly and a means for recording the
made, the specimen area and annulus width should be the
voltage.
same.
5.5 Dies—Cutting dies for specimens of desired size and
6.3 The recommended test specimen thickness may vary
shape. The inside faces of the dies shall be polished and be
depending on the type of testing machine employed, type of
perpendicular to the plane formed by the cutting edges for a
material being evaluated, and the application to which the
depth sufficient to prevent any bevel on the edge. The die shall
results are directed. The exact effect of specimen thickness on
be sharp and free of nicks in order to prevent ragged edges on
the test results is not being addressed in this test method, other
the specimen. The bore and outside diameter shall be concen-
than to acknowledge it will most likely influence the results
tric.
and should be a part of the report as specified in Section 10.
5.6 Lead Pellets, Solder Plugs, or Similar Soft Metallic
See Table 3 in Classification F104 for recommended thick-
Particles, approximately 1.6 mm [0.063 in.] in diameter.
nesses for different types of materials.
5.7 Micrometer, for making specimen thickness measure-
ments in accordance with Classification F104.
7. Conditioning
5.8 Micrometer, for measuring metallic particle thickness.
7.1 Condition the cut specimens in accordance with the
appropriate procedure specified in Classification F104 with
5.9 Vernier Calipers or other suitable device for making
respecttothetypeofgasketmaterialfromwhichthespecimens
linear dimensional measurements in the plane of the
are cut.
specimens, capable of reading to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001
in.) or less.
8. Procedure
6. Test Specimens
8.1 Determine applied stress at which the gasket material
6.1 The gasket shall be die cut in the shape of an annulus,
will be evaluated. It should be representative of typical
which may be considered indicative of an area of a gasket. The
operating conditions for the gaskets made of the material, and
area shall be sufficiently small as to allow an applied stress of
should include additional higher and lower stress conditions
up to 520 MPa (75 400 psi) (65 %). Three specimens should
when a full range evaluation of the material is desired. Several
be prepared for each applied stress at which the material is to
different stresses should be selected to cover the entire range.
be evaluated
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