F03.20 - Mechanical Test Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Gasket materials undergo several processing steps from point of manufacture to installation in a flange. Many applications require close control of dimensional change. An accurate test method for determining the relative stability of various materials is needed for design and quality assurance purposes. This test method is useful towards that end. It simulates the extreme storage conditions that a material may undergo prior to installation. Samples are allowed unrestricted expansion or contraction, and so this test method should not be used to predict behavior clamped in a flange or other applications, or during specific processing steps.  
3.2 This test method measures linear change, and may need to be modified if the test specimen is not flat, homogeneous, or free of voids.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the stability of a gasket material to linear dimensional change due to hygroscopic expansion and contraction. It subjects a sample to extremes, that is, oven drying and complete immersion in water, that have shown good correlation to low and high relative humidities.2  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Gasket compressions produced by bolt loads in a flanged joint are important in the application engineering of a joint assembly. They are related to the ability of a gasket to seal, to maintain tightness on assembly bolts, and to a variety of other gasket properties that determine the service behavior of a joint assembly. Thus, being able to determine the degree of compression in a gasket under the bolt loading will permit one to make qualitative predictions of the behavior of a joint assembly when it comes in contact with the application or service environment. With the plug test, bending of a flange facing between bolt centers can be measured; however, in a few highly distortable flanges the maximum bending between bolt centers may not be detected.  
4.2 The variation in gasket compressions at selected points in a flat-face joint assembly reveals the degree of flange distortion or the ability of the flange to distribute satisfactorily the compressive forces from bolt loads throughout the gasket.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice permits measurement of gasket compression resulting from bolt loading on a flat-face joint assembly at ambient conditions.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is designed to compare related materials under controlled conditions and their ability to maintain a given compressive stress as a function of time. A portion of the torque loss on the bolted flange is a result of creep relaxation. Torque loss can also be caused by elongation of the bolts, distortion of the flanges, and vibration; therefore, the results obtained should be correlated with field results. This test method may be used as a routine test when agreed upon between the user and the producer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a means of measuring the amount of creep relaxation of a laminated composite gasket material at a predetermined time after a compressive stress has been applied.  
1.2 Creep relaxation is measured by means of a calibrated bolt with dial indicator.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of sheet-gasket materials, form-in-place gaskets, and in certain cases, gaskets cut from sheets. The test shall be conducted with both specimen and apparatus at a required temperature. The compressibility and recovery shall be calculated.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of sheet-gasket materials, form-in-place gaskets, and in certain cases, gaskets cut from sheets. It is not intended as a test for compressibility under prolonged stress application, generally referred to as “creep,” or for recovery following such prolonged stress application, the inverse of which is generally referred to as “compression set.” Also, it is not intended for tests at other than room temperature. A resiliency characteristic (the amount recovered expressed as a percentage of the compressed thickness) may also be calculated from the test data where desired.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are designed to compare related materials under controlled conditions and their ability to maintain a given compressive stress as a function of time. A portion of the torque loss on the bolted flange is a result of creep relaxation. Torque loss can also be caused by elongation of the bolts, distortion of the flanges, and vibration; therefore, the results obtained should be correlated with field results. These test methods may be used as a routine test when agreed upon between the consumer and the producer.
Note 1: Test Method B was developed using asbestos gasket materials and at issuance substantiating data were not available for other gasket materials.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods provide a means of measuring the amount of creep relaxation of a gasket material at a predetermined time after a compressive stress has been applied.  
1.1.1 Test Method A—Creep relaxation measured by means of a calibrated strain gauge on a bolt.  
1.1.2 Test Method B—Creep relaxation measured by means of a calibrated bolt with dial indicator.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice determines the room temperature gasket constants Gb and a for initial seating and Gs for operating conditions as related to the tightness behavior of pressurized bolted flanged connections. These constants are used in determining the design bolt load for gasketed bolted joints.  
5.2 This practice is suitable for all the types of gaskets and facings as are considered by the ASME Division 1 Code. This includes ASME B16.5 raised facings, nubbin-type facings, O-ring grooves, and a wide variety of gaskets including spiral wound, flat sheet, solid metal, jacketed, and other types of gaskets common to process and power industry pressurized equipment.  
5.3 These constants are intended for direct use in determining ASME Code design calculations for bolted flanged joints. An appendix of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1 will refer to the gasket constants Gb, a, and Gs produced by this practice. The user and bolted joint designer are cautioned that gasket constants Gb, a, and Gs and any gasket design stresses calculated from these may not be conservative for design stresses below S1 or beyond S13 as indicated in Table 3.  
5.4 When required, this practice evaluates both the mechanical and leakage resistance of gaskets to excessive compression to determine their maximum assembly stress, Sc.  
5.5 This test procedure is a gasket tightness characterization test and is not considered as a gasket manufacturing quality control test.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice determines room temperature gasket tightness design constants for pressurized bolted flanged connections such as those designed in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.  
1.2 This practice applies mainly to all types of circular gasket products and facings typically used in process or power plant pressure vessels, heat exchangers, and piping including solid metal, jacketed, spiral wound, and sheet-type gaskets. As an optional extension of this practice, the maximum assembly stress for those gaskets may also be determined by this procedure.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, but other units may be included.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The load versus thickness properties of a gasket material are an important factor with regard to the selection of a given material for use in a particular sealing application. Additionally, compression/load behavior data are a common request from users. The test allows comparison of materials at room temperature or elevated temperatures or both. Additionally, properties can be evaluated while loading and unloading the material at room temperature or elevated temperatures or both. The significance of the test method is based, in part, on the assumption that, if a material exhibits too much compression at either room temperatures or elevated temperatures, it will no longer function as effectively as a seal. The results may be used in certain flange design methods to characterize properties for design such as finite element analysis (FEA). The results may be used to confirm adequate assembly loading based on measured gasket compression in the field. Two or more materials can be compared to determine differences in their compression properties. A sample of material can be compared to an established standard or previously determined characteristics on original lots of the same material for quality assurance purposes.  
5.2 If desired, samples may be tested with a raised profile flange, insert, or calibration ring described in 6.3 and Fig. 1 so that the area (2042 mm2 [3.18 in.2]) remains constant during the test.
FIG. 1 Test Assembly for Determining Load versus Compression
SCOPE
1.1 This practice measures the compression properties of a gasket material by measuring gasket deflection while it is subjected to an increasing compressive load until a target load is reached. The load and change in thickness are recorded at a defined loading rate as a function of time for the duration of the test.  
1.2 Suggested loading rates are 0.5 MPa/s [72.52 psi/s] for all types of gaskets except for expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), elastomer, and cork/elastomer gaskets when 0.1 MPa/s [14.5 psi/s] is used.  
1.3 The Part A test is performed that measures the compression properties of a gasket material by measuring gasket thickness while it is subjected to an increasing compressive load until a target load is reached. This test is performed at room temperature but may be performed at an elevated temperature if desired or when agreed upon by producer and user.  
1.4 The Part B test may be performed that measures the compression properties of a gasket material by measuring gasket thickness while it is subjected to increasing compressive loads that includes a sequence or sequences in which the gasket is unloaded followed by a resumption of the compressive load until a target load is reached. The unloading rate is the same as the loading rate unless different loading and unloading rates are desired or when agreed upon by producer and user. This test is performed at room temperature but may be performed at an elevated temperature if desired or when agreed upon by producer and user.  
1.5 The testing parameters for both Parts A and B including the gasket material type, gasket dimensions, platen type (RF or FF), target load, loading time, recording interval used during the test, loading and unloading rates, and temperature are to be reported with the results.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This internation...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is designed to measure the ability of non-metallic gasket materials to withstand handling, as would be encountered before and during installation of cut gaskets.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexibility of non-metallic gasket materials. It is designed for testing specimens cut from sheet goods or from the gasket in the finished form, as supplied for commercial use. Materials normally classified as rubber compounds are excluded since they are covered in Classification D2000.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is designed to compare related laminated composite gasket materials under controlled conditions and their short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature. It measures compressibility with a matched pair of opposing upper and lower penetrators which provide better precision and bias than methods using an upper penetrator and a lower anvil. It is difficult to prepare undistorted test specimens from laminated composite gasket materials which will lay flat on an anvil. Also, with many composites having rigid inner layers the load on the upper penetrator is distributed over the bottom anvil area resulting in a lower than actual compressibility reading. This test method may be used as a routine test method when agreed upon between the purchaser and the producer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of laminated composite gasket materials.  
1.2 This test method is not intended as a test for compressibility under prolonged stress application, that is “creep,” or for recovery following such prolonged stress application, the inverse of which is generally referred to as “compression set.” Also, it is only intended for tests at room temperature.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The compressive strength or crush-extrusion resistance of a gasket material is a major factor with regard to the selection of a given material for use in a particular sealing application. The significance of the test method is based, in part, on the assumption that a material, once it has been crushed or extruded, will no longer function as effectively as a seal. This assumption can only be used as a guide, however, since exact yield or failure points are difficult to define for gasket materials (which are usually viscoelastic in nature). Two or more materials can be compared to determine differences in their resistance to compressive stress. A sample of material can be compared to an established standard or previously determined characteristics on original lots of the same material, for quality assurance purposes. See 6.2 for discussion of specimen area and geometry effects.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of compressive strength characteristics (crush-extrusion resistance) of gasket materials at elevated temperature.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are described in order to standardize procedures for determining the tensile strength of nonmetallic gasket materials. The measurement of this property characterizes various classes and grades of materials of a given type and in so doing, it will give the manufacturer a measurement of the quality of his product. It also will aid the purchaser of the gasketing materials to be able to determine whether the gasket material that he has approved for a given application is being manufactured in acceptable quality.  
4.2 The measurement of this property should not be misconstrued as to give the purchaser of the gasket material an indication of the performance of that material in application.  
4.3 The property may be useful in establishing material specifications.  
4.4 Various procedures are given for the different types of materials, and in order to compare the results from one laboratory to another, it is imperative that the applicable procedure be selected.  
4.5 Various types of tension-testing apparatus are allowed to be used. These types of equipment can produce different indicated results. Laboratories having different equipment may have to establish correlations between each other; otherwise, misinterpretation of the test data could result.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of tensile strength of certain nonmetallic gasketing materials at room temperature. The types of materials covered are those containing asbestos and other inorganic fibers (Type 1), cork (Type 2), cellulose or other organic fiber (Type 3), and flexible graphite (Type 5) as described in Classification F104. These test methods are not applicable to the testing of vulcanized rubber, a method for which is described in Test Methods D412 nor for rubber O-rings, a method for which is described in Test Methods D1414.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is designed to compare all types of preformed gaskets under controlled conditions with respect to blow-out resistance. This test method may be used as a routine test when agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance against blow-out of preformed gaskets. The test is conducted under ambient conditions and should be used for comparison purposes only to select suitable designs and constructions for specific applications.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Density is an important property of a gasket material, since it has an inverse relationship to the void volume of the material. Density is often used in a specification, since relationships to sealability, compressibility, creep relaxation, and tensile strength can be found for a given gasket grade.  
4.2 Density is a measurement of the mass to the volume ratio and therefore easily determined with a weight scale and thickness measuring device. This test method requires from 1 h to two days of sample conditioning, which is necessary to achieve a high level of precision, but which detracts from its usefulness as a production test method. Where it must be modified for manufacturing control, it is recommended that thickness and weight measurement methods be adhered to strictly.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the density of a gasket material.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Gasket materials undergo several processing steps from point of manufacture to installation in a flange. Many applications require close control of dimensional change. An accurate test method for determining the relative stability of various materials is needed for design and quality assurance purposes. This test method is useful towards that end. It simulates the extreme storage conditions that a material may undergo prior to installation. Samples are allowed unrestricted expansion or contraction, and so this test method should not be used to predict behavior clamped in a flange or other applications, or during specific processing steps.  
3.2 This test method measures linear change, and may need to be modified if the test specimen is not flat, homogeneous, or free of voids.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the stability of a gasket material to linear dimensional change due to hygroscopic expansion and contraction. It subjects a sample to extremes, that is, oven drying and complete immersion in water, that have shown good correlation to low and high relative humidities.2  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Gasket compressions produced by bolt loads in a flanged joint are important in the application engineering of a joint assembly. They are related to the ability of a gasket to seal, to maintain tightness on assembly bolts, and to a variety of other gasket properties that determine the service behavior of a joint assembly. Thus, being able to determine the degree of compression in a gasket under the bolt loading will permit one to make qualitative predictions of the behavior of a joint assembly when it comes in contact with the application or service environment. With the plug test, bending of a flange facing between bolt centers can be measured; however, in a few highly distortable flanges the maximum bending between bolt centers may not be detected.  
4.2 The variation in gasket compressions at selected points in a flat-face joint assembly reveals the degree of flange distortion or the ability of the flange to distribute satisfactorily the compressive forces from bolt loads throughout the gasket.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice permits measurement of gasket compression resulting from bolt loading on a flat-face joint assembly at ambient conditions.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is designed to compare related materials under controlled conditions and their ability to maintain a given compressive stress as a function of time. A portion of the torque loss on the bolted flange is a result of creep relaxation. Torque loss can also be caused by elongation of the bolts, distortion of the flanges, and vibration; therefore, the results obtained should be correlated with field results. This test method may be used as a routine test when agreed upon between the user and the producer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a means of measuring the amount of creep relaxation of a laminated composite gasket material at a predetermined time after a compressive stress has been applied.  
1.2 Creep relaxation is measured by means of a calibrated bolt with dial indicator.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of sheet-gasket materials, form-in-place gaskets, and in certain cases, gaskets cut from sheets. The test shall be conducted with both specimen and apparatus at a required temperature. The compressibility and recovery shall be calculated.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of sheet-gasket materials, form-in-place gaskets, and in certain cases, gaskets cut from sheets. It is not intended as a test for compressibility under prolonged stress application, generally referred to as “creep,” or for recovery following such prolonged stress application, the inverse of which is generally referred to as “compression set.” Also, it is not intended for tests at other than room temperature. A resiliency characteristic (the amount recovered expressed as a percentage of the compressed thickness) may also be calculated from the test data where desired.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are designed to compare related materials under controlled conditions and their ability to maintain a given compressive stress as a function of time. A portion of the torque loss on the bolted flange is a result of creep relaxation. Torque loss can also be caused by elongation of the bolts, distortion of the flanges, and vibration; therefore, the results obtained should be correlated with field results. These test methods may be used as a routine test when agreed upon between the consumer and the producer.Note 1—Test Method B was developed using asbestos gasket materials and at issuance substantiating data were not available for other gasket materials.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods provide a means of measuring the amount of creep relaxation of a gasket material at a predetermined time after a compressive stress has been applied.  
1.1.1 Test Method A—Creep relaxation measured by means of a calibrated strain gauge on a bolt.  
1.1.2 Test Method B—Creep relaxation measured by means of a calibrated bolt with dial indicator.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Density is an important property of a gasket material, since it has an inverse relationship to the void volume of the material. Density is often used in a specification, since relationships to sealability, compressibility, creep relaxation, and tensile strength can be found for a given gasket grade.  
4.2 Density is a measurement of the mass to the volume ratio and therefore easily determined with a weight scale and thickness measuring device. This test method requires from 1 h to two days of sample conditioning, which is necessary to achieve a high level of precision, but which detracts from its usefulness as a production test method. Where it must be modified for manufacturing control, it is recommended that thickness and weight measurement methods be adhered to strictly.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the density of a gasket material.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of sheet-gasket materials, form-in-place gaskets, and in certain cases, gaskets cut from sheets. The test shall be conducted with both specimen and apparatus at a required temperature. The compressibility and recovery shall be calculated.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of sheet-gasket materials, form-in-place gaskets, and in certain cases, gaskets cut from sheets. It is not intended as a test for compressibility under prolonged stress application, generally referred to as “creep,” or for recovery following such prolonged stress application, the inverse of which is generally referred to as “compression set.” Also, it is not intended for tests at other than room temperature. A resiliency characteristic (the amount recovered expressed as a percentage of the compressed thickness) may also be calculated from the test data where desired.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is designed to compare all types of preformed gaskets under controlled conditions with respect to blow-out resistance. This test method may be used as a routine test when agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance against blow-out of preformed gaskets. The test is conducted under ambient conditions and should be used for comparison purposes only to select suitable designs and constructions for specific applications.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is designed to compare related laminated composite gasket materials under controlled conditions and their short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature. It measures compressibility with a matched pair of opposing upper and lower penetrators which provide better precision and bias than methods using an upper penetrator and a lower anvil. It is difficult to prepare undistorted test specimens from laminated composite gasket materials which will lay flat on an anvil. Also, with many composites having rigid inner layers the load on the upper penetrator is distributed over the bottom anvil area resulting in a lower than actual compressibility reading. This test method may be used as a routine test method when agreed upon between the purchaser and the producer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of laminated composite gasket materials.
1.2 This test method is not intended as a test for compressibility under prolonged stress application, that is “creep,” or for recovery following such prolonged stress application, the inverse of which is generally referred to as “compression set.” Also, it is only intended for tests at room temperature.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is designed to measure the ability of non-metallic gasket materials to withstand handling, as would be encountered before and during installation of cut gaskets.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexibility of non-metallic gasket materials. It is designed for testing specimens cut from sheet goods or from the gasket in the finished form, as supplied for commercial use. Materials normally classified as rubber compounds are excluded since they are covered in Classification D2000.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The compressive strength or crush-extrusion resistance of a gasket material is a major factor with regard to the selection of a given material for use in a particular sealing application. The significance of the test method is based, in part, on the assumption that a material, once it has been crushed or extruded, will no longer function as effectively as a seal. This assumption can only be used as a guide, however, since exact yield or failure points are difficult to define for gasket materials (which are usually viscoelastic in nature). Two or more materials can be compared to determine differences in their resistance to compressive stress. A sample of material can be compared to an established standard or previously determined characteristics on original lots of the same material, for quality assurance purposes. See 6.2 for discussion of specimen area and geometry effects.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of compressive strength characteristics (crush-extrusion resistance) of gasket materials at elevated temperature.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Gasket compressions produced by bolt loads in a flanged joint are important in the application engineering of a joint assembly. They are related to the ability of a gasket to seal, to maintain tightness on assembly bolts, and to a variety of other gasket properties that determine the service behavior of a joint assembly. Thus, being able to determine the degree of compression in a gasket under the bolt loading will permit one to make qualitative predictions of the behavior of a joint assembly when it comes in contact with the application or service environment. With the plug test, bending of a flange facing between bolt centers can be measured; however, in a few highly distortable flanges the maximum bending between bolt centers may not be detected.
The variation in gasket compressions at selected points in a flat-face joint assembly reveals the degree of flange distortion or the ability of the flange to distribute satisfactorily the compressive forces from bolt loads throughout the gasket.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice permits measurement of gasket compression resulting from bolt loading on a flat-face joint assembly at ambient conditions.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is designed to compare related materials under controlled conditions and their ability to maintain a given compressive stress as a function of time. A portion of the torque loss on the bolted flange is a result of creep relaxation. Torque loss can also be caused by elongation of the bolts, distortion of the flanges, and vibration; therefore, the results obtained should be correlated with field results. This test method may be used as a routine test when agreed upon between the user and the producer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a means of measuring the amount of creep relaxation of a laminated composite gasket material at a predetermined time after a compressive stress has been applied.
1.2 Creep relaxation is measured by means of a calibrated bolt with dial indicator.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Gasket materials undergo several processing steps from point of manufacture to installation in a flange. Many applications require close control of dimensional change. An accurate test method for determining the relative stability of various materials is needed for design and quality assurance purposes. This test method is useful towards that end. It simulates the extreme storage conditions that a material may undergo prior to installation. Samples are allowed unrestricted expansion or contraction, and so this test method should not be used to predict behavior clamped in a flange or other applications, or during specific processing steps.
This test method measures linear change, and may need to be modified if the test specimen is not flat, homogeneous, or free of voids.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the stability of a gasket material to linear dimensional change due to hygroscopic expansion and contraction. It subjects a sample to extremes, that is, oven drying and complete immersion in water, that have shown good correlation to low and high relative humidities.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are described in order to standardize procedures for determining the tensile strength of nonmetallic gasket materials. The measurement of this property characterizes various classes and grades of materials of a given type and in so doing, it will give the manufacturer a measurement of the quality of his product. It also will aid the purchaser of the gasketing materials to be able to determine whether the gasket material that he has approved for a given application is being manufactured in acceptable quality.
The measurement of this property should not be misconstrued as to give the purchaser of the gasket material an indication of the performance of that material in application.
The property may be useful in establishing material specifications.
Various procedures are given for the different types of materials, and in order to compare the results from one laboratory to another, it is imperative that the applicable procedure be selected.
Various types of tension-testing apparatus are allowed to be used. These types of equipment can produce different indicated results. Laboratories having different equipment may have to establish correlations between each other; otherwise, misinterpretation of the test data could result.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of tensile strength of certain nonmetallic gasketing materials at room temperature. The types of materials covered are those containing asbestos and other inorganic fibers (Type 1), cork (Type 2), cellulose or other organic fiber (Type 3), and flexible graphite (Type 5) as described in Classification F 104. These test methods are not applicable to the testing of vulcanized rubber, a method for which is described in Test Methods D 412 nor for rubber O-rings, a method for which is described in Test Methods D 1414.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Density is an important property of a gasket material, since it has an inverse relationship to the void volume of the material. Density is often used in a specification, since relationships to sealability, compressibility, creep relaxation, and tensile strength can be found for a given gasket grade.  
Density is a measurement of the mass to the volume ratio and therefore easily determined with a weight scale and thickness measuring device. This test method requires from 1 h to two days of sample conditioning, which is necessary to achieve a high level of precision, but which detracts from its usefulness as a production test method. Where it must be modified for manufacturing control, it is recommended that thickness and weight measurement methods be adhered to strictly.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the density of a gasket material.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are designed to compare related materials under controlled conditions and their ability to maintain a given compressive stress as a function of time. A portion of the torque loss on the bolted flange is a result of creep relaxation. Torque loss can also be caused by elongation of the bolts, distortion of the flanges, and vibration; therefore, the results obtained should be correlated with field results. These test methods may be used as a routine test when agreed upon between the consumer and the producer.
Note 1—Test Method B was developed using asbestos gasket materials and at issuance substantiating data were not available for other gasket materials.
FIG. 1 Relaxometer, Test Method A
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods provide a means of measuring the amount of creep relaxation of a gasket material at a predetermined time after a compressive stress has been applied.
1.1.1 Test Method A Creep relaxation measured by means of a calibrated strain gauge on a bolt.
1.1.2 Test Method B Creep relaxation measured by means of a calibrated bolt with dial indicator.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Gasket compressions produced by bolt loads in a flanged joint are important in the application engineering of a joint assembly. They are related to the ability of a gasket to seal, to maintain tightness on assembly bolts, and to a variety of other gasket properties that determine the service behavior of a joint assembly. Thus, being able to determine the degree of compression in a gasket under the bolt loading will permit one to make qualitative predictions of the behavior of a joint assembly when it comes in contact with the application or service environment. With the plug test, bending of a flange facing between bolt centers can be measured; however, in a few highly distortable flanges the maximum bending between bolt centers may not be detected.
The variation in gasket compressions at selected points in a flat-face joint assembly reveals the degree of flange distortion or the ability of the flange to distribute satisfactorily the compressive forces from bolt loads throughout the gasket.
FIG. 1 Equipment for Performing the Solder-Plug Test of Gasket Compressions
SCOPE
1.1 This practice permits measurement of gasket compression resulting from bolt loading on a flat-face joint assembly at ambient conditions.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is designed to compare related materials under controlled conditions and their ability to maintain a given compressive stress as a function of time. A portion of the torque loss on the bolted flange is a result of creep relaxation. Torque loss can also be caused by elongation of the bolts, distortion of the flanges, and vibration; therefore, the results obtained should be correlated with field results. This test method may be used as a routine test when agreed upon between the user and the producer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a means of measuring the amount of creep relaxation of a laminated composite gasket material at a predetermined time after a compressive stress has been applied.
1.2 Creep relaxation is measured by means of a calibrated bolt with dial indicator.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of sheet-gasket materials, form-in-place gaskets, and in certain cases, gaskets cut from sheets. The test shall be conducted with both specimen and apparatus at a required temperature. The compressibility and recovery shall be calculated.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of sheet-gasket materials, form-in-place gaskets, and in certain cases, gaskets cut from sheets. It is not intended as a test for compressibility under prolonged stress application, generally referred to as "creep," or for recovery following such prolonged stress application, the inverse of which is generally referred to as "compression set." Also, it is not intended for tests at other than room temperature. A resiliency characteristic (the amount recovered expressed as a percentage of the compressed thickness) may also be calculated from the test data where desired.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The compressive strength or crush-extrusion resistance of a gasket material is a major factor with regard to the selection of a given material for use in a particular sealing application. The significance of the test method is based, in part, on the assumption that a material, once it has been crushed or extruded, will no longer function as effectively as a seal. This assumption can only be used as a guide, however, since exact yield or failure points are difficult to define for gasket materials (which are usually viscoelastic in nature). Two or more materials can be compared to determine differences in their resistance to compressive stress. A sample of material can be compared to an established standard or previously determined characteristics on original lots of the same material, for quality assurance purposes. See 6.2 for discussion of specimen area and geometry effects.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of compressive strength characteristics (crush-extrusion resistance) of gasket materials at elevated temperature.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of laminated composite gasket materials.  
1.2 This test method is not intended as a test for compressibility under prolonged stress application, that is "creep," or for recovery following such prolonged stress application, the inverse of which is generally referred to as "compression set." Also, it is only intended for tests at room temperature.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is designed to compare related laminated composite gasket materials under controlled conditions and their short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature. It measures compressibility with a matched pair of opposing upper and lower penetrators which provide better precision and bias than methods using an upper penetrator and a lower anvil. It is difficult to prepare undistorted test specimens from laminated composite gasket materials which will lay flat on an anvil. Also, with many composites having rigid inner layers the load on the upper penetrator is distributed over the bottom anvil area resulting in a lower than actual compressibility reading. This test method may be used as a routine test method when agreed upon between the purchaser and the producer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of laminated composite gasket materials.  
1.2 This test method is not intended as a test for compressibility under prolonged stress application, that is "creep," or for recovery following such prolonged stress application, the inverse of which is generally referred to as "compression set." Also, it is only intended for tests at room temperature.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is designed to compare all types of preformed gaskets under controlled conditions with respect to blow-out resistance. This test method may be used as a routine test when agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance against blow-out of preformed gaskets. The test is conducted under ambient conditions and should be used for comparison purposes only to select suitable designs and constructions for specific applications.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is designed to measure the ability of non-metallic gasket materials to withstand handling, as would be encountered before and during installation of cut gaskets.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexibility of non-metallic gasket materials. It is designed for testing specimens cut from sheet goods or from the gasket in the finished form, as supplied for commercial use. Materials normally classified as rubber compounds are excluded since they are covered in Classification D 2000.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance against blow-out of preformed gaskets. The test is conducted under ambient conditions and should be used for comparison purposes only to select suitable designs and constructions for specific applications.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of compressive strength characteristics (crush-extrusion resistance) of gasket materials at elevated temperature.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the stability of a gasket material to linear dimensional change due to hygroscopic expansion and contraction. It subjects a sample to extremes, that is, oven drying and complete immersion in water, that have shown good correlation to low and high relative humidities.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Gasket materials undergo several processing steps from point of manufacture to installation in a flange. Many applications require close control of dimensional change. An accurate test method for determining the relative stability of various materials is needed for design and quality assurance purposes. This test method is useful towards that end. It simulates the extreme storage conditions that a material may undergo prior to installation. Samples are allowed unrestricted expansion or contraction, and so this test method should not be used to predict behavior clamped in a flange or other applications, or during specific processing steps.
This test method measures linear change, and may need to be modified if the test specimen is not flat, homogeneous, or free of voids.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the stability of a gasket material to linear dimensional change due to hygroscopic expansion and contraction. It subjects a sample to extremes, that is, oven drying and complete immersion in water, that have shown good correlation to low and high relative humidities.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the density of a gasket material.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods provide a means of measuring the amount of creep relaxation of a gasket material at a stated time after a compressive stress has been applied.  
1.1.1 Test Method A -Creep relaxation measured by means of a calibrated strain gage on a bolt.  
1.1.2 Test Method B -Creep relaxation measured by means of a calibrated bolt with dial indicator.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of laminated composite gasket materials.  
1.2 This test method is not intended as a test for compressibility under prolonged stress application, that is "creep," or for recovery following such prolonged stress application, the inverse of which is generally referred to as "compression set." Also, it is only intended for tests at room temperature.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a means of measuring the amount of creep relaxation of a laminated composite gasket material at a stated time after a compressive stress has been applied.
1.2 Creep relaxation is measured by means of a calibrated bolt with dial indicator.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of sheet-gasket materials, form-in-place gaskets, and in certain cases, gaskets cut from sheets. It is not intended as a test for compressibility under prolonged stress application, generally referred to as "creep," or for recovery following such prolonged stress application, the inverse of which is generally referred to as "compression set." Also, it is not intended for tests at other than room temperature. A resiliency characteristic (the amount recovered expressed as a percentage of the compressed thickness) may also be calculated from the test data where desired.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance against blow-out of preformed gaskets. The test is conducted under ambient conditions and should be used for comparison purposes only to select suitable designs and constructions for specific applications.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexibility of non-metallic gasket materials. It is designed for testing specimens cut from sheet goods or from the gasket in the finished form, as supplied for commercial use. Materials normally classified as rubber compounds are excluded since they are covered in Classification D 2000.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice permits measurement of gasket compression resulting from bolt loading on a flat-face joint assembly at ambient conditions.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.