ASTM D5658-95
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling Unconsolidated Waste From Trucks
Standard Practice for Sampling Unconsolidated Waste From Trucks
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers several methods for collecting waste samples from trucks. These methods are adapted specifically for sampling unconsolidated solid wastes in bulk loads using several types of sampling equipment.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6 for specific precautionary statements.
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Designation: D 5658 – 95
Standard Practice for
Sampling Unconsolidated Waste From Trucks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5658; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ents, waste codes, transportation information, etc.
3.1.6 work plan—a plan specific to a particular site, for
1.1 This practice covers several methods for collecting
conducting activities specified in the plan.
waste samples from trucks. These methods are adapted spe-
cifically for sampling unconsolidated solid wastes in bulk loads
4. Summary of Practice
using several types of sampling equipment.
4.1 The truck and its contents are inspected and appropriate
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sampling equipment is selected. A clean sampling device is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
then used to scoop, core, or auger into the waste material. The
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sample or samples are collected and transferred to a sample
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
container. The sampling device is then cleaned and decontami-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6 for
nated or disposed of.
specific precautionary statements.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 This practice is intended for use in the waste manage-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 ment industries to collect samples of unconsolidated waste
D 4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
3 from trucks. The sampling procedures described are general
D 4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
and should be used in conjunction with a site-specific work
D 5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
4 plan.
Used at Non-radioactive Waste Sites
5.2 The purpose of collecting waste samples directly from a
D 5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data
truck (rather than the waste source) is to verify (usually with
Related to Waste Management Activities: Quality Assur-
2 screening analyses) that the waste contained in the truck is the
ance and Quality Control Planning and Implementation
same or similar material from a waste source that has been
D 5633 Practice for Sampling with a Scoop
previously characterized and approved for treatment or dis-
3. Terminology posal, or both.
3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6. Safety Precautions
3.1.1 authoritative sampling—a sample selected without
6.1 Safety precautions must always be observed when
regard to randomization.
sampling waste. The work plan must include a Worker Health
3.1.2 paperwork—all required documentation, which may
and Safety section, because there are potential hazards associ-
include manifests, waste profiles, sample labels, site forms, etc.
ated with working around trucks as well as their potentially
3.1.3 screening analysis—a preliminary qualitative or semi-
hazardous contents.
quantitative test that is designed to give the user rapid and
6.2 Truck sampling should be conducted from a properly
specific information about a waste that will aid in determining
designed platform to allow the sampler to safely access the
waste identification, process compatibility, and safety in han-
truck bed with a minimum of difficulty.
dling.
3.1.4 unconsolidated—for solid material, the characteristic
7. Sampling Design
of being uncemented or uncompacted, or both, and easily
7.1 Truck sampling can be conducted for many different
separated into smaller particles.
purposes. It is important that the purpose be integrated into the
3.1.5 waste profile—specific information about the waste
sample design. If the purpose of sampling is to characterize the
including its properties and composition, chemical constitu-
waste, the sample should be collected from the waste source
during the loading or unloading of the truck. This allows access
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
to all portions of the material in the truck. If the purpose is to
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.02 on
Monitoring.
determine if the material in the truck conforms to a waste
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 1995. Published March 1995.
profile (that is, waste material that has previously been char-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.04.
3 acterized), then a less rigorous sampling approach can be used.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
Because of the difficulties of sampling the material in the truck
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5658
in situ, (authoritative) grab samples are usually collected from collect the required number of samples using techniques in
the top portion of the material and subjected to screening type accordance with 9.2.
analysis. This method will quickly demonstrate that the 9.1.2 Place the collected material in a sample container.
sampled material (top portion) does or does not match the 9.1.3 Close the sample container.
waste profile. 9.1.4 Wipe the outside of the sample container. Dispose of
7.2 A work plan should be prepared describing the sampling the wipe cloth properly.
locations, number of samples, depth of sampling and type of 9.1.5 Note on site forms all relevant conditions and physical
sampling equipment (see Practice D 5283 and Guide D 4687). characteristics associated with the collection of the sample.
9.1.6 Fill out all required paperwork for each sample, as
NOTE 1—Because of limited access to the truck bed for sampling, the
required by the work plan.
samples collected are usually near-surface samples. There is a possibility
9.1.7 Complete and attach the label to the side of the sample
that the material in the middle or on the bottom of the bed is different.
container after the sample has been collected.
8. Pre-Sampling
9.2 Sampling with a Concentric Tube Thief:
9.2.1 General Description—This device consists of two
8.1 Basic Pre-Sampling Practices:
tubes, one fitting snugly inside the other (see Fig. 1). The
8.1.1 Review all paperwork.
bottom end of the outer tube is fitted with a point. Oblong holes
8.1.2 Access the truck by way of the sampling platform so
are cut through both tubes. The holes are opened or closed by
that the waste can be visually inspected to confirm agreement
rotating the inner tube. Concentric tube samplers are commer-
with the paperwork and identify any obvious discrepancies
cially available up to 6 ft (1.8 m) long and several inches
(such as free liquids, etc.).
(centimeters) in diameter.
8.2 Sampling Equipment:
9.2.2 Concentric tube samples have a limited application for
8.2.1 Selection:
sampling trucks. Materials that are not free-flowing such as
8.2.1.1 Select the sampling equipment and sample contain-
those that are hard packed, moist, or finely powdered will not
ers appropriate for the waste in the truck, in accordance with
enter this type of sampler under normal field conditions.
the work plan or site-specific procedure. See Guide D 4687 for
Sampling of materials containing granules or particles exceed-
information on sample container selection.
ing one third of the slot width should not be attempted because
8.2.1.2 The sampling equipment, sample preparation equip-
bridging may occur.
ment, sample containers, etc., must be clean, dry, and inert to
9.2.3 Insert the tube into the material and push with uniform
the material being sampled. Before use, all equipment includ-
force to the bottom of the truck or until refusal. Rotate the
ing sample containers shall be inspected to ensure they are
concentric tubes to the open position, thereby allowing the
clear of obvious dirt and contamination and are in good
sample to flow into the inner tube. Wiggle the sampler several
working condition. Visible contamination shall be removed,
times and rotate the tubes to
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