ASTM D4564-08e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sleeve Method (Withdrawn 2013)
Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sleeve Method (Withdrawn 2013)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to determine the density of cohesionless soil used in the construction of earth embankments and road fills, or of cohesionless soils used for structure backfill, bedding and backfill for pipe, or filters. This test method is used as the basis for acceptance of soils compacted to a specified density or to a specified relative density.
This test method may be useful in determining the density of cohesionless soils in a confined or limited space since this test method requires less working area than other methods.
A predetermined calibration equation is necessary to use this procedure (see Annex A1). It is assumed there is a linear relationship between the density in place and the mass of dry soil per inch of test hole measured by the sleeve method. This may not be true for certain soils or the linear relationship may exist only for a particular range of densities.
The quality of the results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors: Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of soil in place by the sleeve method.
1.2 The sleeve method of determining the density of soil in place is used for cohesionless, granular soils for which other methods of determining the density (sand cone, test pit, and the like) may not be practical. Typically, the sleeve method is applicable for soils that are predominantly fine gravel size, with a maximum of 5 % fines, and a maximum particle size of 3/4 in. (19.0 mm).
Note 1—There have been other methods developed for testing cohesionless soils. Compared to other methods, this procedure is convenient for field construction control testing because smaller and lighter equipment is used and the test can be performed in a smaller area.
1.3 A calibration equation is necessary in the application of this test method to obtain a reliable value of the in-place density of the soil (see Annex A1). The calibration equation is used to calculate the density of the soil in place from the mass of dry soil per inch of test hole measured by the sleeve method.
1.3.1 The calibration equation is predetermined for a particular soil type that is to be tested. When the soil changes significantly in either gradation or particle angularity, the calibration equation may have to be adjusted or redefined before the sleeve method can be used.
1.3.2 There may be certain soils meeting the general description in 1.2 for which a calibration equation may not be appropriate due to unsatisfactory correlation of the data. The sleeve method would not be applicable for these soils.
1.3.3 There may be certain soils meeting the description in 1.2 for which the calibration equation may be applicable only for a certain range of densities. The sleeve method will give reliable values of the density in place only within that range of densities.
1.4 This test method uses inch-pound units with SI rationalized units; that is, a combined standard.
1.4.1 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4.2 The converted inch-pound units used the gravitational system of units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The converted slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) ca...
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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´1
Designation: D4564 − 08
StandardTest Method for
Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sleeve
1
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4564; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—A typo in A1.5.1 was corrected editorially in May 2011.
1. Scope* 1.4 This test method uses inch-pound units with SI rational-
ized units; that is, a combined standard.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density
1.4.1 ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinch-poundunits
of soil in place by the sleeve method.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
1.2 The sleeve method of determining the density of soil in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
place is used for cohesionless, granular soils for which other
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
methods of determining the density (sand cone, test pit, and the
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
like) may not be practical. Typically, the sleeve method is
with the standard.
applicable for soils that are predominantly fine gravel size,
1.4.2 The converted inch-pound units used the gravitational
with a maximum of 5 % fines, and a maximum particle size of
3
systemofunits.Inthissystem,thepound(lbf)representsaunit
⁄4 in. (19.0 mm).
of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The
NOTE 1—There have been other methods developed for testing cohe-
converted slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma)
sionless soils. Compared to other methods, this procedure is convenient
calculations are involved.
for field construction control testing because smaller and lighter equip-
ment is used and the test can be performed in a smaller area.
1.4.3 It is common practice in the engineering profession to
1.3 Acalibration equation is necessary in the application of concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm)
this test method to obtain a reliable value of the in-place
and a unit of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate
density of the soil (see AnnexA1). The calibration equation is systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravita-
used to calculate the density of the soil in place from the mass
tional system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use
of dry soil per inch of test hole measured by the sleeve method.
of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single
1.3.1 The calibration equation is predetermined for a par-
standard.This standard has been written using the gravitational
ticular soil type that is to be tested. When the soil changes
system of units when dealing with the inch-pound system. In
significantly in either gradation or particle angularity, the
this system the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight).
calibration equation may have to be adjusted or redefined
However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of
3
before the sleeve method can be used.
mass (lbm), or the recording of density in lbm/ft should not be
1.3.2 There may be certain soils meeting the general de-
regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
scription in 1.2 for which a calibration equation may not be
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
appropriate due to unsatisfactory correlation of the data. The
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
sleeve method would not be applicable for these soils.
Practice D6026 unless superseded by this standard.
1.3.3 There may be certain soils meeting the description in
1.2 for which the calibration equation may be applicable only
1.5.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected,
for a certain range of densities. The sleeve method will give
recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the
reliable values of the density in place only within that range of
industry standard. In addition they are representative of the
densities.
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
1 ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and
increase or reduce significant digits or reported data to be
Construction Control Tests.
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally
of this standard to consider significant digits used in ana
...
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