ASTM D4942-11

Standard Test Methods for Water Pickup of Lithographic Printing Inks and Vehicles in a Laboratory Mixer (Withdrawn 2020)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The lithographic printing process requires that some dampening solution be emulsified into the ink. These test methods provide a rapid means for determining water pickup under laboratory conditions. Test results may be useful for specification acceptance between the supplier and the customer.
In order that results be comparable, the tests must be run at the same temperature and with the same type and quantity of liquid added prior to mixing.
The emulsions obtained in these test methods are of larger particle size than those typically produced in printing nips. Because of these and other variables in the printing process, water pickup results do not by themselves predict lithographic printing performance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for determining the amount of water picked up by lithographic printing inks in a laboratory mixer.
1.2 Test Method A covers single-point water pickup; Test Method B covers the rate of water pickup. Both test methods are applicable to any printing ink and vehicle intended for the lithographic printing process.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods cover two procedures for determining the amount of water picked up by lithographic printing inks in a laboratory mixer.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, these test methods were withdrawn in January 2020 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2011
• Withdrawal Date: 08-Jan-2020
• ICS: 87.080 - Inks. Printing inks
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.56 - Printing Inks

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4942-89(2006) - Standard Test Methods for Water Pickup of Lithographic Printing Inks and Vehicles in a Laboratory Mixer
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2011
• Replaced By: ASTM D4942-20 - Standard Test Methods for Water Pickup of Lithographic Printing Inks and Vehicles in a Laboratory Mixer
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4942 − 11
Standard Test Methods for
Water Pickup of Lithographic Printing Inks and Vehicles in a
1
Laboratory Mixer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4942; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* under laboratory conditions. Test results may be useful for
specification acceptance between the supplier and the cus-
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for determin-
tomer.
ingtheamountofwaterpickedupbylithographicprintinginks
in a laboratory mixer. 3.2 In order that results be comparable, the tests must be run
at the same temperature and with the same type and quantity of
1.2 Test Method A covers single-point water pickup; Test
liquid added prior to mixing.
Method B covers the rate of water pickup. Both test methods
are applicable to any printing ink and vehicle intended for the 3.3 The emulsions obtained in these test methods are of
lithographic printing process. larger particle size than those typically produced in printing
nips. Because of these and other variables in the printing
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
process, water pickup results do not by themselves predict
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
lithographic printing performance.
standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Laboratory Mixer, equipped with a stainless steel speci-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
men bowl 83 mm wide and 88 mm high, mixer blades that
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
rotate at 90 r/min, and a timing device.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2 Balance, accurate to 0.1 g, 600-g capacity.
2. Summary of Test Methods
4.3 Palette knives, two.
2.1 Thesetestmethodsutilizealaboratorymixerforbeating
4.4 Thermometer, quick response.
water or other agreed upon fluid into the test ink.
4.5 pH Meter (optional).
2.2 For single-point water pickup (Test Method A), 50 mL
4.6 Conductivity Meter (optional).
of water is normally added to 50 g of ink and mixed in for 5
min. The water picked up is determined from volumetric
4.7 Graduated Cylinder, 50 or 100-mL.
measurements of free water.
5. Reagents and Materials
2.3 Forrateofwaterpickup(TestMethodB),waterisadded
to 50 g of ink in increments of 20 mL and mixed in for 1 min 5.1 Water—Deionizedordistilledwater,preferably having a
or more over a cumulative time period totaling 10 min. The pH of 5.0 to 7.0 (100 to 200 mL per sample); alternatively,
water taken up by the ink after each mixing interval is fountain solution or other aqueous medium as agreed upon
determined gravimetrically. between the supplier and the customer may be used.
5.2 Cleanup Materials—Naptha and rags or tissues.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The lithographic printing process requires that some
6. Test Specimen
dampening solution be emulsified into the ink. These test
6.1 A minimum of 100 g is sufficient for two determina-
methods provide a rapid means for determining water pickup
tions. Before removing ink from the can, stir or otherwise
ensure that the ink specimen is representative. Close the can
and replace sealing tape immediately after each ink removal.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks. 7. Conditioning
Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally
7.1 Condition the instrument, water, and ink samples in a
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4942 - 89 (2006).
DOI: 10.1520/D4942-11. constant temperature room or bath, preferably at 23 6 1°C.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4942 − 11
7.2 Prior to use, check the alignment of the mixer blades. 8.12 Repeat 8.3 through 8.10 with a second specimen of the
With the power switch of the mixer in the off position, set the same ink.
clean bowl into the turntable and engage the locking pin firmly
into the slot in the side of the turntable. Tilt the mixer head 9. Test Method B—Rate of Water Pickup (by
back and insert the blades, marked left and right, into their
Gravimetry)
respective holders. Lower the mixer head. If the blades hit the
9.1 Program the counter for the first interval
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4942–89(Reapproved2006) Designation: D4942 – 11
Standard Test Methods for
Water Pickup of Lithographic Printing Inks and Vehicles in a
1
Laboratory Mixer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4942; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for determining the amount of water picked up by lithographic printing inks in
a laboratory mixer.
1.2 Test Method A covers single-point water pickup; Test Method B covers the rate of water pickup. Both test methods are
applicable to any printing ink and vehicle intended for the lithographic printing process.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Summary of Test Methods
2.1 These test methods utilize a laboratory mixer for beating water or other agreed upon fluid into the test ink.
2.2 For single-point water pickup (Test Method A), 50 mL of water is normally added to 50 g of ink and mixed in for 5 min.
The water picked up is determined from volumetric measurements of free water.
2.3 For rate of water pickup (Test Method B), water is added to 50 g of ink in increments of 20 mL and mixed in for 1 min
or more over a cumulative time period totaling 10 min. The water taken up by the ink after each mixing interval is determined
gravimetrically.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The lithographic printing process requires that some dampening solution be emulsified into the ink. These test methods
provide a rapid means for determining water pickup under laboratory conditions. Test results may be useful for specification
acceptance between the supplier and the customer.
3.2 In order that results be comparable, the tests must be run at the same temperature and with the same type and quantity of
liquid added prior to mixing.
3.3 The emulsions obtained in these test methods are of larger particle size than those typically produced in printing nips.
Because of these and other variables in the printing process, water pickup results do not by themselves predict lithographic printing
performance.
4. Apparatus
2
4.1 LaboratoryMixer,such as a Duke Ink-Water EmulsificationTester equipped equipped with a stainless steel specimen bowl
83 mm wide and 88 mm high, mixer blades that rotate at 90 r/min, and a timing device.
4.2 Balance, accurate to 0.1 g, 600-g capacity.
4.3 Palette knives, two.
4.4 Thermometer, quick response.
4.5 pH Meter (optional).
4.6 Conductivity Meter (optional).
4.7 Graduated Cylinder, 50 or 100-mL.
5. Reagents and Materials
5.1 Water—Deionizedordistilledwater,preferablyhavingapHof5.0to7.0(100to200mLpersample);alternatively,fountain
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.
Current edition approved Nov.June 1, 2006.2011. Published November 2006.June 2011. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20012006 as
D4942 - 89 (20016). DOI: 10.1520/D4942-89R06.10.1520/D4942-11.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4942 – 11
solution or other aqueous medium as agreed upon between the supplier and the customer may be used.
5.2 Cleanup Materials—Naptha and rags or tissues.
6. Test Specimen
6.1 A minimum of 100 g is sufficient for two determinations. Before removing ink from the can, stir or otherwise ensure that
the ink specimen is representative. Close the can and replace sealing tape immediately after each ink removal.
7. Conditioning
7.1 Condition the instrument, water, and ink samples in a constant temperature room or bath, preferably at 23 6 1°C.
7.2 Prior to use, check the alignment of the mixer blades. With the power switch of the mixer in the off position, set the
...