ASTM F513-00
(Specification)Standard Safety Specification for Eye and Face Protective Equipment for Hockey Players
Standard Safety Specification for Eye and Face Protective Equipment for Hockey Players
SCOPE
1.1 This consumer safety specification covers eye and face protective equipment for hockey players.
1.2 This specification is intended to reduce the demonstrated hazards associated with the sport of ice hockey involving the face including eyes.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: F 513 – 00
Standard Safety Specification for
Eye and Face Protective Equipment for Hockey Players
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F513; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Ice hockey is a contact sport with intrinsic hazards. Protective equipment can not eliminate all
injuries, but will substantially reduce their severity and frequency. Participation in this sport by a
playerimpliesacceptanceofsomeinjuryrisk.Thegoalofprotectiveequipmentistominimizetherisk
of injury.
After careful consideration of the mechanisms and forces involved in hockey injuries, this
specification for eye and facial protective equipment has been prepared. A significant reduction of
oculo-facial injuries by the use of facial protective equipment is an expected result.
Performance requirements are presented that are intended to minimize injury with minimal
impairment of the form and appeal of the sport. The committee considers this specification as
preliminary, subject to revision as indicated by subsequent injury statistics.With these goals in mind,
the impact and penetration requirements were determined. It is realized that ocular and facial injuries
will still be possible; however, it was felt that more stringent requirements may interfere with player
performance.
In addition to the use of facial protective equipment conforming to this specification, the following
recommendations are made: (1) A minimal stick blade width of 70 mm (2.8 in.) (per accepted rule
book limits); (2) Modification to rear blade of the ice skate to prevent penetration through wire mesh
masks; (3) Stricter rules against high sticking; and (4) Stricter rules and enforcement against fighting.
All of the requirements of this specification are subject to modification if future statistics demonstrate
significant injuries under game conditions; (5) If full face wire protectors are used for goaltenders, a
throat protector must be affixed.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This consumer safety specification covers eye and face 2.1 Federal Standards:
protective equipment for hockey players. National Institute of Standards and Technology Special
1.2 This specification is intended to reduce the demon- Publication 374
strated hazards associated with the sport of ice hockey involv- Federal Test Methods Standards, No. 46, Method3022
ing the face including eyes. 2.2 American National Standards:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the ANSI Z80.1, 1979, Requirements for First-Quality Pre-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information scription Opthalmic Lenses
only. ANSI Z80.3, 1977, Requirements for Nonprescription Sun-
glasses and Fashion Eyewear
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
test method portion, Section 7 of this specification: This ANSI Z87.1, 1979, Practice for Occupational and Educa-
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, tional Eye and Face Protectors
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
3. Terminology
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
3.1 Definitions:
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
tions prior to use. 3.1.1 astigmatism, n—a condition in a lens that creates two
axiallyseparatedlinefociofeachobjectpoint.Thelinesbeing
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
EquipmentandFacilitiesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF08.15on Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Hockey. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published August 2000. Originally Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
published as F513–77. Last previous edition F513–99. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 513
mutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has two 3.1.14 protective device (or protector), n—a device that
different refractive powers in meridians that are 90° apart. provides protection to the wearer’s eyes against specific
hazards encountered in sports.
3.1.2 binocular, adj—relating to the field of view which is
shared by both eyes simultaneously. 3.1.15 refractive power, n—the focusing effect of a lens
expressed in diopters.
3.1.3 central viewing zone, n—that part of the lens which
3.1.16 resolution (optical), n—the characteristic of a lens
has its center in line with the wearer’s line of sight when
that allows separate distinct points in close proximity to be
looking straight.The zone is a truncated circle 60 mm (2.4 in.)
discerned when looking through the lens.
in diameter centered on the above points. The upper portion is
3.1.17 spherical power, n—the most positive meridional
truncated 20 mm (0.8 in.) above the center line. The center of
astigmatic power of a lens.
thecentralviewingzoneshallbethepointofintersectionofthe
3.1.18 tint, n—a characteristic of a transparent material that
line of sight with the lens as mounted on the Alderson
allows a specific color to appear dominant and reduces the
headform.
material’s luminous transmittance properties.
3.1.4 eye, n—relating to the eye of a test headform or the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
eye of a person wearing a protector or that part of an eye
3.2.1 cleanable, adj—theabilityofaprotectivedevicetobe
protective device through which a wearer’s eye would nor-
made readily free of dirt or grime without being damaged
mally look.
during an appropriate cleaning process in accordance with the
3.1.5 eye of the headform, n—all structures contained
manufacturer’s instructions.
within the orbital rim of the Alderson fiftieth percentile
3.2.2 coverage, n—a characteristic of a protective device
headform.
that obstructs straight line paths that are coincident with the
3.1.6 haze, n—the fraction of the total transmitted light
wearer’s eyes.
from a normally incident beam which is not transmitted in a
3.2.3 peripheral field, n—the outer limits of vision which,
focused condition but scattered by inclusions or surface de-
as shown in charts of the visual fields, extends to 40° and
fects. Excessive haze will reduce contrast and visibility.
above, to 60° below, and to 90° temporally.
3.1.7 impact resistant, adj—the ability of a device to afford
protection from impact as required by this standard.
4. Types of Protectors
3.1.8 interpupillary distance, P.D., n—the distance between
4.1 Type 1—A full face protector intended for use by any
the center of the pupils of the eyes.
persons other than goaltenders.
3.1.9 lens, n—when so equipped, the transparent part or
4.2 Type 2—A full face protector intended for use by
partsofaprotectivedevicethroughwhichthewearernormally
persons 10 years of age or younger, other than goaltenders.
sees.
3.1.10 luminous transmittance, n—luminous transmittance
5. Performance Requirements
isafunctionofaspectraltransmittanceofthelensweightedby
the corresponding ordinates of the photopic luminous effi-
5.1 Alltestingshallbedonewiththeprotectorsmountedon
ciency distribution of the CIE (1931) standard colormetric
a helmet of a make or model as specified by the protector
observerandbythespectralintensityofstandardilluminant A.
manufacturerandplacedonaheadformidenticalindimensions
(See ANSI Z80.3, 1977, paragraph 2.9.1).
to the Aero Medical Laboratory (AML) headform, as to be
3.1.11 power imbalance, n—a condition that exists when
worn by the consumer (see Table 1).
the refractive power created by the right lens of a protective 5.2 All portions of the protectors, shall be capable of
device is different from that of the left lens.
meeting impact and optical requirements at any temperature
3.1.12 prism, n—the angular deviation of a ray of light as it between 20 and−26°C (68 and−13°F).
passes through a lens resulting from the angle at which the ray 5.3 Optical Requirements, (all protectors):
strikes each surface of the lens and the index of refraction of 5.3.1 Peripheral Field of View—When tested in accordance
the material from which it is made. with7.1.1at20 62°C(68 63.6°F)protectorsshallhavefields
of view equal or exceeding the following:
3.1.13 prism imbalance:
3.1.13.1 vertical imbalance, n—the difference in prismatic (a) Temporal—90°,
(b) Inferior field—60°, and
deviationbetweenparallellightbeamsincidentonthetwoeyes
(c) Superior field—40°
of a protective device in the vertical meridian.
SeeFig.1,Fig.2,andFig.3forillustrationsoftheseangles.
3.1.13.2 horizontal imbalance, n—the difference in pris-
5.4 Optical Requirements (clear shields):
maticdeviationofincidentparallellightbeamsonthetwoeyes
ofaprotectivedeviceinahorizontalmeridian.(SeeSection7.)
3.1.13.3 base-in, adj—relating to the type of prism imbal-
TABLE 1 Facially Featured Headforms
ance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through
Material:
a protector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance to
Urethane 60–65 (shore A)
Durometer:
converge.
Size Hat Size (circ. Prothane Reference
3.1.13.4 base-out, adj—relating to the type of prism imbal- mm) Number
Youth 6 ⁄2 (521) AA-7FF-413-M
ancewhichtendstocauseparallelraysoflightpassingthrough
Juvenile 6 ⁄8 (550) JJ-7FF-413-M
a protector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance to
Adult 7 (559) AD-7FF-413-M
diverge.
F 513
FIG. 1 Peripheral Field of Vision Testing
5.4.1 Refractive Tolerances—When tested in accordance 5.4.4 Prism—Fortheprimaryviewingpositionofeithereye
with 8.1.3 the meridional power shall be in the range of+0.12 ofashieldorpairoflensesshallnotexceed0.50prismdiopters
to−0.25 diopters.
when tested in accordance with 7.2.5. This would allow safety
5.4.2 Astigmatism—When tested in accordance with 7.2.3
thicknesses of polycarbonate to be used which would promote
the astigmatism shall not exceed 0.25 diopters.
impact strength, while prism imbalance which is more critical
5.4.3 Power Imbalance—When tested in accordance with
would still be controlled by 5.4.5.
7.2.2 the maximum meridional power imbalance between the
5.4.5 Prism Imbalance—When tested in accordance with
two eyes for corresponding directions of view shall not exceed
7.2.5 the prism imbalance shall not exceed the following:
0.25 diopters. These binocular power imbalance specifications
(a) Vertical and base-in—0.25 prism diopters, and
eliminate the possibility of stero difficulties due to magnifica-
(b) Base-out—1.00 prism diopters.
tion differences in corresponding meridional or accommoda-
tive rock problems due to astigmatic differences in opposing
meridians.
F 513
NOTE 1—Both CRPand CLPare located at the center of the cornea on the respective pupil of the headform and are not located on the surface of the
face protector:
CRP = center of the right pupil,
and
CLP = center of the left pupil.
FIG. 2 Quality Field of Vision
5.4.6 Luminous Transmittance—When tested in accordance toughnesstestfailureconditionsforclearshieldandwiremesh
with7.2.6protectorsshallhavealuminoustransmittanceofnot face protectors as described in 5.5.2 and 5.5.3 shall also apply.
less than 80% for a clear device and not less than 60% for 5.5.1.1 In all cases, a check shall be made to ensure that
tinted devices. Additionally, the difference in values as would there is no chipping, cracking or breakage of the full face
be viewed by the two eyes through a single protector as worn protector or separation of the full face protector from the
shall not exceed 0.9 to 1.1 times the other value (measured at helmet. Such damage shall constitute a failure.
the design line of sight) unless specifically prescribed by an 5.5.2 Toughness Test—Failure Conditions (Clear
ophthalmic professional. Shields)—Aclearshieldshallfailifanyfullthicknesscracksor
fractures occur on any specimen as a result of impact.
5.4.7 Haze—When tested in accordance with 7.2.7 the haze
5.5.3 Toughness Test—Failure Conditions (Wire Mesh
in the protector shall not exceed 38.
Protectors)—A wire mesh protector shall fail if any weld
5.4.8 Optical Quality—Striae, warpage, or surface ripples
completelyseparatesorifanyfractureinthewirebetweenany
within the central viewing zone that are visible under test
two welds occurs on any specimen as a result of impact.
conditions of 7.2.8 and that would impair the function of the
5.6 Penetration Requirements—When tested in accordance
lens shall be cause for rejection. Beyond the central viewing
with 7.4, the test blade shall not penetrate the face protector so
zone, the protective device shall be free of surface ripples,
astotouchthesurfaceoftheheadformwhenenteredwithinthe
lenticulations, haze, and other defects that would impair its
perimeter of the face protector.
intendedfunctions,norshalltherebeabruptopticalchangesin
the area of the protector designed for viewing. These striae
6. Sample Preparation
warpages and ripples shall be evaluated by method 7.2.9.
6.1 Only complete protectors as offered for sale shall be
5.4.9 Surface Imperfections and Internal Defects—Pits,
scratches, grayness, bubbles, cracks, or water marks that are tested.
6.2 Protectors shall be conditioned and tested at the appli-
visibleunderthetestconditionsof7.2.9andthatwouldimpair
the function of the lens shall be cause for rejection. cabletesttemperaturesandatarelativehumiditynotexceeding
55% for a minimum period of 4 h prior to test. If no
5.5 Impact Requirements—All protectors shall be subjected
conditioning temperature is specified, protectors shall be con-
toatotalofsiximpacts by performing one impact oneachone
ditioned at 22.8 6 5°C (73 6 9°F).
ofsixspecimens.Thesiximpactsshallbeinthethreelocations
6.3 Protectors shall be assembled for the test in accordance
specified in 7.3. Conditioning of the samples shall be as
with instructions provided (see 9.1).
specified in 7.3.3.1 for the contact test velocity specified in
6.4 Protector/helmetassembliesshallbemountedonthetest
Table 2, and as specified in 7.3.3.2 for the toughness test
headforminaccordancewiththemanufacturersinstructionsfor
velocity specified in Table 2.
proper fit.
5.5.1 Contact Test—Failure Conditions (All Protectors)—
After the test is complete, the headform shall be examined to
7. Test Methods
determine if the full face protector, or puck contacted the
headform.Contactwiththeheadformexceptinthehatchedand 7.1 Optical Tests (All Protectors):
cross-hatched areas in Fig. 6
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