ASTM D5428-93a(1998)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Inflatable Restraint Modules
Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Inflatable Restraint Modules
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures and conditions used to evaluate the physical performance of inflatable restraint modules and module components during and after deployment.
1.2 The physical performance characteristics that may be obtained by this practice are internal cushion pressures determined by instrumentation, cushion geometries determined by high-speed photography, and material integrity determined by visual inspection.
1.3 This practice is applicable to driver and passenger side inflatable restraint modules.
1.4 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this practice may be used by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier with the specific deviations from the practice acknowledged in the report.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independent of the other.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
Designation: D 5428 – 93a (Reapproved 1998)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Practice for
Evaluating the Performance of Inflatable Restraint Modules
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5428; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 breakout pressure, n—for inflatable restraints, the
pressure level during deployment which ruptures the module
1.1 This practice describes the procedures and conditions
cover.
used to evaluate the physical performance of inflatable restraint
3.1.2 cushion, n—for inflatable restraints, the inflatable
modules and module components during and after deployment.
fabric envelope portion of a module.
1.2 The physical performance characteristics that may be
3.1.3 deployment, n—for inflatable restraints, the sequence
obtained by this practice are internal cushion pressures deter-
of events related to the activation of a module.
mined by instrumentation, cushion geometries determined by
3.1.4 inflatable restraint, n—a vehicular safety device de-
high-speed photography, and material integrity determined by
signed to cushion an occupant or equipment during collision;
visual inspection.
airbag.
1.3 This practice is applicable to driver and passenger side
3.1.5 inflator, n—for inflatable restraints, a device for
inflatable restraint modules.
generating and directing expansion gases into a cushion.
1.4 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this
3.1.6 maximum inflation pressure, n—for inflatable re-
practice may be used by agreement between the purchaser and
straints, the maximum internal cushion pressure occurring
the supplier with the specific deviations from the practice
after breakout pressure.
acknowledged in the report.
3.1.7 module, n—for inflatable restraints, an assembly com-
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
posed of an inflator, a cushion, a mounting device, a trigger,
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
and a cover.
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this practice, refer
must be used independent of the other.
to Terminology D 123.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Practice
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Inflatable restraint modules are mounted into a test stand
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
that allows for deployments under conditions that duplicate or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
closely resemble the conditions in a vehicle.
2. Referenced Documents 4.2 Instrumentation within the test stand charts inflation
pressures versus time. High-speed photography visually cap-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 tures changing cushion geometries over time.
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
4.3 Module deployments are reviewed for pressure and time
2.2 Federal Standard:
relationships, cushion geometries at one or more times during
CFR 49 Code of Federal Regulations
the cycle, and post-inflation material analysis.
2.3 SAE Standard:
J211 Instrumentation for Impact Test
5. Significance and Use
3. Terminology 5.1 This practice is intended to be a general guideline for
repetitive testing, safe conduct of tests, and accurate data
3.1 Definitions:
collection for inflatable restraints.
5.2 This practice may be used by the purchaser and the
supplier to establish the criteria by which inflatable restraint
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on Textiles
modules will be tested by the supplier to determine whether a
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.20 on Inflatable Restraints.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 1993. Published January 1994. Originally lot of material is acceptable for shipment to the purchaser.
published as D 5428 – 93. Last previous edition D 5428 – 93.
5.3 Unless otherwise specified by agreement between the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
purchaser and the supplier, this practice shall constitute the test
Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
conditions, procedures, and equipment by which inflatable
Office, Washington, DC 20525.
Available from the Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth
restraint modules are deployed for testing. It is intended to be
Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
D 5428
used as a guideline in establishing a written material specifi- personnel and the device under test. In addition, a temperature-
cation or equivalent agreement between the purchaser and the controlled environment is important for test accuracy, and a
supplier. The specification may deviate from the practices room fan is required to vent smoke and particulates from the
described herein when (based on experience) considerations of test bay.
fabric properties, material handling equipment, or inflatable 8.3 In consideration of safety for test personnel working
restraint system design dictate otherwise. with inflatable restraint devices, personnel involved in module
deployments must be equipped with the appropriate equipment
6. Interferences
and safety training. Examples of the necessary safety equip-
6.1 The pressure transducer and pickup tube must be ment include; remote firing systems, equipment shielding,
mounted in a position which does not interfere with the
laboratory clothing, safety glasses, gloves, and electrostatic
unfolding cushion. grounding straps. Proper written safety procedures shall be
6.2 The pressure versus time data is subject to recording
followed in accordance with standard ordinance and pyrotech-
anomalies and electronic noise. The data should be digitally nic industry practices. All applicable OSHA safety standards
filtered to obtain the underlying smooth pressure curve prior to
shall be identified and complied with.
data analysis.
9. Sampling
7. Apparatus
9.1 Assembly deployment is a destructive test and therefore
7.1 Mounting Fixture, suitable for simulating as closely as
necessitates sampling procedures if used in conjunction with
possible the physical features of the location of a module
lot acceptance. The sampling plan shall be determined by
mounted in a vehicle. See A1.1.
agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
7.2 Pressure Transducer and Pickup Tube, suitable for
10. Temperature Conditioning
measuring pressures inside the cushion from 0 to 689 kPa (0 to
100 psi), mounted in a static or low-pressure area in the module 10.1 Assembly deployment is a destructive test and there-
that does not interfere with cushion deployment, and capable of fore necessitates sampling procedures if used in conjunction
withstanding the temperatures of the conditioning chamber. with lot acceptance. The sampling plan shall be determined by
See A1.2. agreement of purchaser and supplier. Module assemblies are
7.3 Film or Tape Video System, suitable for recording the conditioned at cold, ambient, or hot temperatures prior to
changing geometry of the cushion during deployment at 1000 deployment. Unless otherwise specified, the conditioning tem-
or more frames per second, and capable of being synchronized peratures are: −30°C (−22°F) for cold, 22°C (72°F) for
precisely with a firing pulse. ambient, and 80°C (176°F) for hot. Use a temperature toler-
7.4 Data Acquisition System, suitable for recording the ance of 62°C (65°F) and condition for a minimum of4hto
output of a pressure transducer versus elapsed time of deploy- ensure establishment of moisture equilibrium. Assemblies shall
ment. See A1.3. be placed in the conditioning chamber in a manner that allows
7.5 Conditioning Chamber, suitable for maintaining the free air movement and no direct contact with the chamber
temperature of a module in a range between −55°C (−67°F) walls.
and 120°C (248°F) with a tolerance of 62°C (64°F). See 10.2 A conditioned module shall be deployed within 3 min
A1.4. of removal from the conditioning chamber. If the 3-min limit is
7.6 Electrical Firing Pulse Source, suitable for actuating the exceeded, the module shall be reconditioned for 10 min for
inflator and able to communicate with recording devices every minute past the 3-min limit.
dependent on an electrical starting signal. See A1.5.
11. Procedure
7.7 Light
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