ASTM D5428-08(2019)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Inflatable Restraint Modules
Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Inflatable Restraint Modules
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended to be a general guideline for repetitive testing, safe conduct of tests, and accurate data collection for inflatable restraints.
5.2 This practice may be used by the purchaser and the supplier to establish the criteria by which inflatable restraint modules will be tested by the supplier to determine whether a lot of material is acceptable for shipment to the purchaser.
5.3 Unless otherwise specified by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, this practice shall constitute the test conditions, procedures, and equipment by which inflatable restraint modules are deployed for testing. It is intended to be used as a guideline in establishing a written material specification or equivalent agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. The specification may deviate from the practices described herein when (based on experience) considerations of fabric properties, material handling equipment, or inflatable restraint system design dictate otherwise.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures and conditions used to evaluate the physical performance of inflatable restraint modules and module components during and after deployment.
1.2 The physical performance characteristics that may be obtained by this practice are internal cushion pressures determined by instrumentation, cushion geometries determined by high-speed photography, and material integrity determined by visual inspection.
1.3 This practice is applicable to driver and passenger side inflatable restraint modules.
1.4 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this practice may be used by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier with the specific deviations from the practice acknowledged in the report.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independent of the other.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5428 −08 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Practice for
Evaluating the Performance of Inflatable Restraint Modules
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5428; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D6799Terminology Relating to Inflatable Restraints
2.2 Federal Standard:
1.1 This practice describes the procedures and conditions
CFR 49Code of Federal Regulations
usedtoevaluatethephysicalperformanceofinflatablerestraint
2.3 SAE Standard:
modulesandmodulecomponentsduringandafterdeployment.
J211Instrumentation for Impact Test
1.2 The physical performance characteristics that may be
obtained by this practice are internal cushion pressures deter-
3. Terminology
mined by instrumentation, cushion geometries determined by
3.1 Definitions:
high-speed photography, and material integrity determined by
3.2 For all terminology relating to D13.20, Inflatable
visual inspection.
Restraints, refer to Terminology D6799.
1.3 This practice is applicable to driver and passenger side
3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
inflatable restraint modules.
breakout pressure, cushion, deployment, inflatable restraint,
1.4 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this inflator, maximum inflation pressure, module
practice may be used by agreement between the purchaser and
3.3 For all other terms related to textiles, see Terminology
the supplier with the specific deviations from the practice
D123.
acknowledged in the report.
4. Summary of Practice
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in 4.1 Inflatablerestraintmodulesaremountedintoateststand
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
that allows for deployments under conditions that duplicate or
must be used independent of the other. closely resemble the conditions in a vehicle.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 Instrumentation within the test stand charts inflation
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
pressures versus time. High-speed photography visually cap-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tures changing cushion geometries over time.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.3 Moduledeploymentsarereviewedforpressureandtime
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
relationships, cushion geometries at one or more times during
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
the cycle, and post-inflation material analysis.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5. Significance and Use
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.1 This practice is intended to be a general guideline for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
repetitive testing, safe conduct of tests, and accurate data
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
collection for inflatable restraints.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 This practice may be used by the purchaser and the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
supplier to establish the criteria by which inflatable restraint
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
modules will be tested by the supplier to determine whether a
lot of material is acceptable for shipment to the purchaser.
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextilesand
5.3 Unless otherwise specified by agreement between the
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.20 on Inflatable Restraints.
purchaserandthesupplier,thispracticeshallconstitutethetest
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019. Published January 2019. Originally
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5428–08 (2013).
DOI: 10.1520/D5428-08R19.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Office, Washington, DC 20525.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth
the ASTM website. Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5428 − 08 (2019)
conditions, procedures, and equipment by which inflatable 8. Hazards
restraint modules are deployed for testing. It is intended to be
8.1 Code of Federal Regulations 49 classifies inflatable
used as a guideline in establishing a written material specifi-
restraint inflators which incorporate pyrotechnic devices as
cation or equivalent agreement between the purchaser and the
Explosive Class C or Flammable Solid.
supplier. The specification may deviate from the practices
8.2 Test facilities for conducting tests on pyrotechnic de-
described herein when (based on experience) considerations of
vices must comply with all local and state building codes. A
fabric properties, material handling equipment, or inflatable
properfloorplanshouldincludeaphysicalbarrierbetweentest
restraint system design dictate otherwise.
personnelandthedeviceundertest.Inaddition,atemperature-
controlled environment is important for test accuracy, and a
6. Interferences
room fan is required to vent smoke and particulates from the
6.1 The pressure transducer and pickup tube must be test bay.
mounted in a position which does not interfere with the
8.3 In consideration of safety for test personnel working
unfolding cushion.
with inflatable restraint devices, personnel involved in module
deploymentsmustbeequippedwiththeappropriateequipment
6.2 The pressure versus time data is subject to recording
and safety training. Examples of the necessary safety equip-
anomalies and electronic noise. The data should be digitally
ment include; remote firing systems, equipment shielding,
filteredtoobtaintheunderlyingsmoothpressurecurvepriorto
laboratory clothing, safety glasses, gloves, and electrostatic
data analysis.
grounding straps. Proper written safety procedures shall be
followed in accordance with standard ordinance and pyrotech-
7. Apparatus
nic industry practices. All applicable OSHA safety standards
7.1 Mounting Fixture, suitable for simulating as closely as
shall be identified and complied with.
possible the physical features of the location of a module
9. Sampling
mounted in a vehicle. See A1.1.
9.1 Assembly deployment is a destructive test and therefore
7.2 Pressure Transducer and Pickup Tube, suitable for
necessitates sampling procedures if used in conjunction with
measuringpressuresinsidethecushionfrom0to689kPa(0to
lot acceptance. The sampling plan shall be determined by
100psi),mountedinastaticorlow-pressureareainthemodule
agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
thatdoesnotinterferewithcushiondeployment,andcapableof
withstanding the temperatures of the conditioning chamber.
10. Temperature Conditioning
See A1.2.
10.1 Assembly deployment is a destructive test and there-
7.3 Film or Tape Video System, suitable for recording the
fore necessitates sampling procedures if used in conjunction
changing geometry of the cushion during deployment at 1000
with lot acceptance.The sampling plan shall be determined by
or more frames per second, and capable of being synchronized agreement of purchaser and supplier. Module assemblies are
precisely with a firing pulse.
conditioned at cold, ambient, or hot temperatures prior to
deployment. Unless otherwise specified, the conditioning tem-
7.4 Data Acquisition System, suitable for recording the
peratures are: −30°C (−22°F) for cold, 22°C (72°F) for
output of a pressure transducer versus elapsed time of deploy-
ambient, and 80°C (176°F) for hot. Use a temperature toler-
ment. See A1.3.
ance of 62°C (65°F) and condition for a minimum of4hto
7.5 Conditioning Chamber, suitable for maintaining the ensureestablishmentofmoistureequilibrium.Assembliesshall
be placed in the conditioning chamber in a manner that allows
temperature of a module in a range between −55°C (−67°F)
free air movement and no direct contact with the chamber
and 120°C (248°F) with a tolerance of 62°C (64°F). See
walls.
A1.4.
10.2 Aconditioned module shall be deployed within 3 min
7.6 Electrical Firing Pulse Source,suitableforactuatingthe
ofremovalfromtheconditioningchamber.Ifthe3
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