ASTM C283-13(2017)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Resistance of Porcelain Enameled Utensils to Boiling Acid
Standard Test Methods for Resistance of Porcelain Enameled Utensils to Boiling Acid
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 Test Method A provides the producers of porcelain enameled utensils with a quality control method of testing for resistance to boiling acid for parts randomly selected from the production line.
2.2 Test Method B provides the supplier of porcelain enamel raw materials with a laboratory method for testing the resistance of different coatings (intended for use on utensils) to boiling acid.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the resistance of porcelain enamel coatings used on utensils to attack by boiling acid.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C283 − 13 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Methods for
Resistance of Porcelain Enameled Utensils to Boiling Acid
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C283; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The described method furnishes a means of quantitatively testing and grading glossy porcelain
enamels with respect to their resistance to boiling citric acid at room temperature. Citric acid has been
selected because it is the most common and one of the more severe of the food acids in its action on
conventional porcelain enamels.
1. Scope 2.2 Test Method B provides the supplier of porcelain
enamel raw materials with a laboratory method for testing the
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
resistance of different coatings (intended for use on utensils) to
resistance of porcelain enamel coatings used on utensils to
boiling acid.
attack by boiling acid.
TEST METHOD A
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3. Apparatus
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.1 Hot Plate, capable of maintaining over its entire surface
and are not considered standard.
a uniform temperature that will keep the test solution at a
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
rolling boil (see section 7.5). The heating element should
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
occupy an area at least 8 in. (203 mm) in diameter.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Chemical Glassware—Beakers, a desiccator, and a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
500-mL graduated cylinder.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.3 Drier, capable of maintaining a temperature of at least
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
220°F (104°C).
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.4 Boiling Acid Resistance Apparatus, as shown in Fig. 1.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Three sets will be required.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.5 Cutting Equipment, suitable for cutting a 3 ⁄4-in. (82-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
mm) diameter plate from the bottom of a porcelain-enameled
steel utensil, as follows:
2. Significance and Use
3.5.1 Punch and Die (Fig. 2),
3.5.2 Shears,
2.1 Test Method A provides the producers of porcelain
3.5.3 Abrasive Cut-off Wheel,
enameled utensils with a quality control method of testing for
3.5.4 Cutting Torch, or
resistance to boiling acid for parts randomly selected from the
3.5.5 Any Other Suitable Equipment
production line.
3.6 Analytical Balance, having a sensitivity of 0.0001 g.
4. Reagent
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
4.1 The test solution shall contain6gofACS grade citric
Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
acid per 94 g of distilled water and shall be prepared fresh for
B08.12 on Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems.
each test.
Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originally
approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C283 – 13. DOI:
5. Test Specimens
10.1520/C0283-13R17.
Test Method A is based on the boiling acid resistance test developed by the
5.1 The test specimens shall consist of three plates, 3 ⁄4 in.
Enameled Utensil Manufacturers’ Council; see Section 16 of Commercial Standard
(82 mm) in diameter, cut from the bottoms of three identical
CS100-47, Porcelain Enameled Steel Utensils, United States Department of Com-
merce. utensils.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C283 − 13 (2017)
in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm
1 1 1
⁄16 1.6 1 ⁄4 32 2.5 64 4 ⁄16 103
1 25 1 1
⁄8 3.2 1 ⁄32 45 3 ⁄4 82 4 ⁄8 105
1 1 3 1
⁄4 6.4 2 ⁄4 57 3 ⁄8 86 5 ⁄2 140
⁄8 9.5 2.31 59 4 102 14 356
(a) Assembly (b) Details
FIG. 1 Boiling-Acid Resistance Apparatus
NOTE 1—“Identical utensils” signifies utensils of the same size, shape,
7.4 Place the heat-resistant gasket above the hole in the
and finish.
base-plate of the boiling-acid resistance apparatus (Fig. 1).
Place the test specimen over the gasket, with the surface from
6. Preparation of Test Specimens
the inside of the utensil up. Next, place a rubber jar ring on the
6.1 After the test specimens have been cut from the utensils,
test specimen. This serves as a seal between the test specimen
file their edges with a triangular file to remove any loose
and the heat-resistant glass tube, which shall be placed over it.
enamel chips.
Place another rubber jar ring on top of the glass tube, set the
6.2 Thoroughly wash the test specimens with soap and cover-plate on it, and clamp in place by tightening the wing
water to remove any grease picked up in handling. Rinse with
nuts. Tighten the wing nuts until a seal is obtained between the
distilledwater.Placethespecimensinadrierat220°F(104°C).
glass tube and the test specimen. This can be determined by
After 10 min, remove the test specimens and place them in a
inspecting the seal ring, when the nuts are tight enough, the
desiccator containing calcium chloride.
outside edges of the rubber jar rings will lift from the test
specimen. Use the bottom jar rings only twice (once on each
7. Procedure
side); then discard for new ones.
7.1 Level the hot plate, turn the switch on in the high heat
7.5 Bring approximately 500 mL of the citric acid solution
position, and allow to preheat for at least1hto obtai
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C283 − 13 C283 − 13 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Methods for
Resistance of Porcelain Enameled Utensils to Boiling Acid
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C283; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The described method furnishes a means of quantitatively testing and grading glossy porcelain
enamels with respect to their resistance to boiling citric acid at room temperature. Citric acid has been
selected because it is the most common and one of the more severe of the food acids in its action on
conventional porcelain enamels.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the resistance of porcelain enamel coatings used on utensils to attack by
boiling acid.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 Test Method A provides the producers of porcelain enameled utensils with a quality control method of testing for resistance
to boiling acid for parts randomly selected from the production line.
2.2 Test Method B provides the supplier of porcelain enamel raw materials with a laboratory method for testing the resistance
of different coatings (intended for use on utensils) to boiling acid.
TEST METHOD A
3. Apparatus
3.1 Hot Plate, capable of maintaining over its entire surface a uniform temperature that will keep the test solution at a rolling
boil (see section 7.5). The heating element should occupy an area at least 8 in. (203 mm) in diameter.
3.2 Chemical Glassware—Beakers, a desiccator, and a 500-mL graduated cylinder.
3.3 Drier, capable of maintaining a temperature of at least 220°F (104°C).
3.4 Boiling Acid Resistance Apparatus, as shown in Fig. 1. Three sets will be required.
3.5 Cutting Equipment, suitable for cutting a 3 ⁄4-in. (82-mm) diameter plate from the bottom of a porcelain-enameled steel
utensil, as follows:
3.5.1 Punch and Die (Fig. 2),
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.12
on Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013May 1, 2017. Published July 2013May 2017. Originally approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as C283 – 97
(2008).C283 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/C0283-13.10.1520/C0283-13R17.
Test Method A is based on the boiling acid resistance test developed by the Enameled Utensil Manufacturers’ Council; see Section 16 of Commercial Standard CS100-47,
Porcelain Enameled Steel Utensils, United States Department of Commerce.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C283 − 13 (2017)
in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm
1 1 1
⁄16 1.6 1 ⁄4 32 2.5 64 4 ⁄16 103
1 25 1 1
⁄8 3.2 1 ⁄32 45 3 ⁄4 82 4 ⁄8 105
1 1 3 1
⁄4 6.4 2 ⁄4 57 3 ⁄8 86 5 ⁄2 140
⁄8 9.5 2.31 59 4 102 14 356
(a) Assembly (b) Details
FIG. 1 Boiling-Acid Resistance Apparatus
3.5.2 Shears,
3.5.3 Abrasive Cut-off Wheel,
3.5.4 Cutting Torch, or
3.5.5 Any Other Suitable Equipment
3.6 Analytical Balance, having a sensitivity of 0.0001 g.
4. Reagent
4.1 The test solution shall contain 6 g of ACS grade citric acid per 94 g of distilled water and shall be prepared fresh for each
test.
5. Test Specimens
5.1 The test specimens shall consist of three plates, 3 ⁄4 in. (82 mm) in diameter, cut from the bottoms of three identical utensils.
NOTE 1—“Identical utensils” signifies utensils of the same size, shape, and finish.
6. Preparation of Test Specimens
6.1 After the test specimens have been cut from the utensils, file their edges with a triangular file to remove any loose enamel
chips.
6.2 Thoroughly wash the test specimens with soap and water to remove any grease picked up in handling. Rinse with distilled
water. Place the specimens in a drier at 220°F (104°C). After 10 min, remove the test specimens and place them in a desiccator
containing calcium chloride.
C283 − 13 (2017)
in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm
1 5 1 13
⁄16 1.6 ⁄16 8 1 ⁄4 32 3 ⁄16 97
3 3
⁄32 2.4 ⁄8 9.5 2 51 4 102
1 9 1 7
⁄8 3.2 ⁄16 14 3 ⁄4 82 4 ⁄8 124
1 3
⁄4 6.4 1 25 3 ⁄4 95
FIG. 2 Punch and Die for Cutting Out Test Specimens
7. Procedure
7.1 Level the hot plate, turn the switch on in the high heat position, and allow to preheat for at least 1 h to obtain a uniform
temperature over the entire heating element.
7.2 Remove the test specimens, one at a time, from the desiccator, hold at the edges, and inspect the edges for loose chips.
Remove any chips found, before the initial weighing.
7.3 Weigh each specimen on an analytical balance, recording its weight to the nearest 0.0001 g.
7.4 Place the heat-resistant gasket above the hole in the base-plate of the boiling-acid resistance apparatus (Fig. 1). Place the
test specimen over the gasket, w
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.