ASTM E1131-08

Standard Test Method for Compositional Analysis by Thermogravimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended for use in quality control, material screening, and related problem solving where a compositional analysis is desired or a comparison can be made with a known material of the same type.
The parameters described should be considered as guidelines. They may be altered to suit a particular analysis, provided the changes are noted in the report.
The proportion of the determined components in a given mixture or blend may indicate specific quality or end use performance characteristics. Particular examples include the following:
Increasing soot (carbon) content of used diesel lubricating oils indicates decreasing effectiveness.
Specific carbon-to-polymer ratio ranges are required in some elastomeric and plastic parts in order to achieve desired mechanical strength and stability.
Some filled elastomeric and plastic products require specific inert content (for example, ash, filler, reinforcing agent, etc.) to meet performance specifications.
The volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash content of coal and coke are important parameters. The “ranking” of coal increases with increasing carbon content and decreasing volatile and hydrocarbon, (medium volatility) content.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a general technique incorporating thermogravimetry to determine the amount of highly volatile matter, medium volatile matter, combustible material, and ash content of compounds. This test method will be useful in performing a compositional analysis in cases where agreed upon by interested parties.
1.2 This test method is applicable to solids and liquids.
1.3 The temperature range of test is typically room temperature to 1000 °C. Composition between 1 and 100 weight % of individual components may be determined.
1.4 This test method utilizes an inert and reactive gas environment.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard is related ISO 11358 but is more detailed and specific.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2008
• ICS: 71.040.40 - Chemical analysis
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.01 - Calorimetry and Mass Loss

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1131-03 - Standard Test Method for Compositional Analysis by Thermogravimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D1248-16 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion Materials for Wire and Cable
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2105-00(2016) - Standard Practice for General Techniques of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Coupled With Infrared Analysis (TGA/IR)
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D8125-18(2023) - Standard Specification for Re-Refined Engine Oil Bottoms (REOB)/Vacuum Tower Asphalt Extender (VTAE)
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1872-18e2 - Standard Test Method for Thermogravimetric Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F2489-06(2022) - Standard Guide for Instrument and Precision Bearing Lubricants—Part 2 Greases
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D6382/D6382M-99(2022) - Standard Practice for Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Thermogravimetry of Roofing and Waterproofing Membrane Material
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F2848-21 - Standard Specification for Medical-Grade Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Yarns
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D6546-23 - Standard Test Methods for and Suggested Limits for Determining Compatibility of Elastomer Seals for Industrial Hydraulic Fluid Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2403-23 - Standard Test Method for Sulfated Ash of Organic Materials by Thermogravimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F3606-22 - Standard Guide for Additive Manufacturing — Feedstock Materials — Testing Moisture Content in Powder Feedstock
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F2157-09(2018) - Standard Specification for Synthetic Surfaced Running Tracks
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2043-99(2021) - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter of Agricultural Adjuvant Solutions by Thermogravimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D8395-23 - Standard Specification for Aramid Fiber for Asphalt Mixtures
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1131 − 08
StandardTest Method for
1
Compositional Analysis by Thermogravimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1131; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1582 Practice for Calibration of Temperature Scale for
Thermogravimetry
1.1 This test method provides a general technique incorpo-
E2040 Test Method for Mass Scale Calibration of Thermo-
rating thermogravimetry to determine the amount of highly
gravimetric Analyzers
volatile matter, medium volatile matter, combustible material,
2.2 ISO Standard:
and ash content of compounds. This test method will be useful
ISO 11358 Plastics-Thermogravimetry (TG) of Polymers —
in performing a compositional analysis in cases where agreed
3
General Principles
upon by interested parties.
1.2 This test method is applicable to solids and liquids. 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 Thetemperaturerangeoftestistypicallyroomtempera-
ture to 1000 °C. Composition between 1 and 100 weight % of 3.1.1 Many of the technical terms used in this test method
are defined in Terminologies E473 and E1142.
individual components may be determined.
1.4 This test method utilizes an inert and reactive gas 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 highly volatile matter—moisture, plasticizer, residual
environment.
solvent or other low boiling (200 °C or less) components.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2.2 medium volatile matter—medium volatility materials
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
such as oil and polymer degradation products. In general, these
standard.
materials degrade or volatilize in the temperature range 200 to
1.6 This standard is related ISO 11358 but is more detailed
750 °C.
and specific.
3.2.3 combustible material—oxidizablematerialnotvolatile
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(in the unoxidized form) at 750 °C, or some stipulated
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
temperature dependent on material. Carbon is an example of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
such a material.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.4 ash—nonvolatile residues in an oxidizing atmosphere
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
which may include metal components, filler content or inert
2. Referenced Documents reinforcing materials.
2
3.2.5 mass loss plateau—a region of a thermogravimetric
2.1 ASTM Standards:
curve with a relatively constant mass.
D3172 Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
4. Summary of Test Method
ology
4.1 This test method is an empirical technique using ther-
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
mogravimetry in which the mass of a substance, heated at a
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
controlled rate in an appropriate environment, is recorded as a
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
function of time or temperature. Mass loss over specific
temperature ranges and in a specific atmosphere provide a
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal
compositional analysis of that substance.
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 on Calo-
rimetry and Mass Loss.
5. Significance and Use
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
5.1 This test method is intended for use in quality control,
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E1131 – 03. DOI:
10.1520/E1131-08.
material screening, and related problem solving where a
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
the ASTM website. la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1131 − 08
compositional analysis is desired or a comparison can be made temperature range of this test method; (b) a temperature sensor
with a known material of the same type. toprovideanindicationofthespecimen/furnacetemperatureto
61°C; (c) an electrobalance to continuously measure the
5.2 The parameters described should be considered as
specimen mass with a minimum capa
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1131–03 Designation:E1131–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Compositional Analysis by Thermogravimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1131; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method provides a general technique incorporating thermogravimetry to determine the amount of highly volatile
matter,mediumvolatilematter,combustiblematerial,andashcontentofcompounds.Thistestmethodwillbeusefulinperforming
a compositional analysis in cases where agreed upon by interested parties.
1.2 This test method is applicable to solids and liquids.
1.3 The temperature range of test is typically room temperature to 1000 °C. Composition between 1 and 100 weight % of
individual components may be determined.
1.4 This test method utilizes an inert and reactive gas environment.
1.5Computer or electronic-based instruments, techniques, or data treatment equivalent to this test method may also be used.
NOTE1—Users of this test method are expressly advised that all such instruments or techniques may not be equivalent. It is the responsibility of the
user of this test method to determine the necessary equivalency prior to use.
1.6 SI units are the standard.
1.7 This standard is related ISO 11358 but is more detailed and specific.
1.8
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard is related ISO 11358 but is more detailed and specific.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 3172 Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke
E 473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E 1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E 1582 Practice for Calibration of Temperature Scale for Thermogravimetry
E 2040 Test Method for Mass Scale Calibration of Thermogravimetric Analyzers
2.2 ISO Standard:
3
11358 Plastics-Thermogravimetry (TG) of Polymers — General Principles
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Many of the technical terms used in this test method are defined in Terminologies E 473 and E 1142.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 highly volatile matter—moisture, plasticizer, residual solvent or other low boiling (200 °C or less) components.
3.2.2 medium volatile matter—medium volatility materials such as oil and polymer degradation products. In general, these
materials degrade or volatilize in the temperature range 200 to 750 °C.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 on Thermal
Analysis Methods. Test Methods and Practices.
Current edition approved March 10, 2003.Sept. 1, 2008. Published April 2003.October 2008. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 19982003
as E1131–98.E 1131 – 03.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 05.05.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
3
Supporting data available from ASTM. Request RR: E37–1009.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1131–08
3.2.3 combustible material—oxidizablematerialnotvolatile(intheunoxidizedform)at750°C,orsomestipulatedtemperature
dependent on material. Carbon is an example of such a material.
3.2.4 ash—nonvolatile residues in an oxidizing atmosphere which may include metal components, filler content or inert
reinforcing materials.
3.2.5 mass loss plateau—a region of a thermogravimetric curve with a relatively constant mass.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method is an empirical technique using thermogravimetry in which the mass of a substance,
...