ASTM F2157-09(2018)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Synthetic Surfaced Running Tracks
Standard Specification for Synthetic Surfaced Running Tracks
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the minimum performance requirements, classification, and test methods for synthetic surfaced running tracks. Even so, this specification does not imply that an injury cannot be incurred if the surface is found to be in compliance with this specification. The requirements for which newly installed synthetic surfaces shall be tested on and consequently comply to are imperfections, evenness, thickness, drainage, force reduction, modified vertical deformation, texture influence when wet, tensile properties, color in grey scale, weathering, spike resistance, and flammability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the minimum performance requirements and classification when tested in accordance with the procedures outlined within this specification. All documents referencing this specification must include classification required.
1.2 This specification does not imply that an injury cannot be incurred if the surface is found to be in compliance with this specification.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2157 −09 (Reapproved 2018) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Synthetic Surfaced Running Tracks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2157; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
There is a need to provide for the safety of athletes and durability of surfaces used for competition
running. There are a number of sources of injury with regard to the performance of a running track
surface and protection of athletes of all ages.
1. Scope D2950Test Method for Density of Bituminous Concrete in
Place by Nuclear Methods
1.1 Thisspecificationestablishestheminimumperformance
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
requirementsandclassificationwhentestedinaccordancewith
ASTM Test Methods
the procedures outlined within this specification. All docu-
E303Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Proper-
ments referencing this specification must include classification
ties Using the British Pendulum Tester
required.
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.2 This specification does not imply that an injury cannot
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
beincurredifthesurfaceisfoundtobeincompliancewiththis
E1131Test Method for CompositionalAnalysis by Thermo-
specification.
gravimetry
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as G154Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV)
Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. 2.2 Other Standards:
DIN 18035 Part 6AStandard for Sports Grounds, Synthetic
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Surfacings, Requirements, Test, Maintenance
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
IAAFPerformance Specifications for Synthetic Surfaced
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Athletics Tracks (Outdoors)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3. Terminology
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 compliance, n—a test result that falls within the
2. Referenced Documents
specified range, meets a stated minimum value or achieves a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
“pass” rating on a test with a pass/fail result.
D297Test Methods for Rubber Products—ChemicalAnaly-
3.1.2 “D” area, n—an integral part of the synthetic surfac-
sis
ing located within the oval.
D2616Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
ence With a Gray Scale 3.1.3 EPDM components, n—the residual elements of an
D2859Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished EPDM rubber product once the fillers and plasticizers have
Textile Floor Covering Materials been eliminated.
3.1.4 EPDM rubber product, n—a product comprised of
organic and inorganic materials with a minimum of 20% and
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
a maximum of 26% of ethylene propylene-diene-saturated
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilitiesand is the direct responsibility of
polymethylene main chain along with other organic and
Subcommittee F08.52 on Miscellaneous Playing Surfaces.
Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally
inorganic components.
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2157–09. DOI:
10.1520/F2157-09R18.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN-- DIN Deutsches Institut fur
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Normung e.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787, Berlin, Germany.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from IAAF Headquarters, 17 rue Princesse Florestine—BP 359,
the ASTM website. MC-98007, Monaco Cedex. http://www.iaaf.org
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2157 − 09 (2018)
3.1.5 flat, n—an area that by design is to have a finished 5. Test Methods and Requirements for Asphalt Base
slope of 0.5% or less.
5.1 Type and Compaction:
3.1.6 recycled black EPDM rubber product, n—crumbs or
5.1.1 Description and Required Performance—The asphalt
granules manufactured through ambient or cryogenic grinding
base and asphalt wearing course (two layers) for the running
or crushing of post industrial scrap (typically automotive),
track shall conform to the mixes established for road traffic in
containing a mixture of types of rubber including EPDM
the jurisdiction and according to the synthetic surface manu-
rubber product and varying in size. The material must be free
facturers’ recommendation of the running track. The asphalt
of dust, metals, and other contaminants.
base and asphalt wearing course (two layers) shall be com-
3.1.7 recycled SBR rubber, n—crumbs, granules, or
pacted to a minimum of 95% density for machine finish and
buffings/strands manufactured through the ambient or cryo-
90% density for hand packed areas according to Test Method
genic grinding or crushing of car or truck tires or industrial
D2950. Laboratory tests are performed with local DOT proce-
scrap and varying in size. Must be free of dust, metals, and
dures. Hand-packed limited to areas not accessible by appro-
other contaminants.
priateequipment.Wheretheasphaltispermeabletowaterorof
an open type, vertical drainage is required.
3.1.8 SBR rubber product, n—styrene-butadienerubbersare
the general-purpose synthetic rubbers.
5.1.2 Test Method—Use test method as described in Test
Method D2950.
3.1.9 site report, n—a comprehensive report of the test
results obtained through site testing including site
5.2 Evenness:
identification, testing conditions, test standard identification,
5.2.1 Description and Required Performance—The running
testmethodology,testresultsinaverageandbytestpoint,asite
trackasphaltbaseshallbeinstalledsothatonalocalizedlevel,
plan locating test points and areas of deviation and a conclu-
there shall be no bumps or depressions beneath a 3-m straight-
sion stating the classification achieved by the surface from the
edgeexceeding6mmforaClassAandBsurfacesor8mmfor
testing.
ClassCsurfaces.Depressionsbeneatha1-mstraightedgeshall
3.1.10 site testing, n—a combination of on-site and labora-
not exceed 3 mm for ClassAand Class B surface or 4mm for
torytestingofsiteproducedsamplestoestablishcomplianceof
Class C. There shall be no step-like irregularities greater than
an installed surface within a classification or other specifica-
1 mm in height (see Table 1).
tions.
5.2.2 Test Method—Drag or regularly place the 3-m
3.1.11 suitability report, n—a report of the results from
straightedge, advancing by one half the length of the straight-
suitabilitytestingwhichmaybeusedasaguidelineforsurface
edge for each measurement, on the surface along the length of
product comparisons and as a general benchmark for installed
the odd numbered lanes and each runway as a minimum.
surfaces.
Additional locations may be tested at the discretion of the test
laboratory. Both ends of the straightedge should be in contact
3.1.12 suitability testing, n—a specific group of tests which
with the asphalt surface. At each location use visual observa-
are performed in the laboratory on an uninstalled surface
tion to determine if a gap exists under the straightedge. Should
sample. Such testing serves as a guideline for general surface
a gap exist, use a calibrated wedge to determine the actual size
compliance to the standard. It makes no inference about an
ofthegap.Forrunways,themeasurementisregularlytakenup
installed surface.
thecenteroftherunway.Whereagapisfound,thisisrecorded
3.1.13 track classification, n—a rating given to a surface
on a plan of the facility.
based on the test results of either the suitability testing or site
testing. Tracks are classified A to C in descending order. To
5.3 Drainage:
achieve a classification, a surface must comply with all of the
5.3.1 Description and Required Performance—Due to the
test specifications of that classification.
requirements for evenness, the drainage requirements for the
3.1.13.1 track classification A—a rating given to surfaces
asphalt surface shall be the same as the drainage requirements
that meet the specifications for the A level track surfaces as for the synthetic surface as specified in this standard.
specified herein.
5.3.2 Test Method—The asphalt surface is flooded with
water by any number of means, and the time is measured from
3.1.13.2 track classification B—a rating given to surfaces
thetimethefloodingstopsfor20min.Locationswithstanding
that meet the specifications for B level track surface as
specified herein. water are noted on a plan of the facility.
3.1.13.3 track classification C—a rating given to surfaces
6. Test Methods, Description, and Required Performance
that meet the specifications for C level track surface as
for Newly Installed Synthetic Surfaces
specified herein.
6.1 Imperfections:
4. Significance and Use
6.1.1 Description and Required Performance—The durabil-
ity and dynamic performance of the surface may be compro-
4.1 Data obtained from this specification are indicative of
the performance characteristics for the running track surface mised by imperfections such as bubbles, fissures, uncured
and can be used only for comparisons and establishing mini- areas,delamination,etc.Thesewillnotbeallowedandmustbe
mum requirements. corrected.
F2157 − 09 (2018)
TABLE 1 Performance Requirements for the Tests
Test Method Class A Class B Class C Suitability/
and Requirement Requirement Requirement Requirement Site Test
Imperfections No bubbles, fissures, uncured areas No bubbles, fissures, uncured areas No bubbles, fissures, uncured areas Site
A
delamination, etc delamination, etc. delamination, etc
Evenness Nodepressionsover6mmin3mor3 No depressions over 6 mm in3mor No depressions over 8 mm in3mor Site
mm/1 m; No step-like irregularities 3 mm/1 m; no step-like 4 mm/1 m; No step-like
A
greater than 1 mm irregularities greater than 1 mm irregularities greater than 1 mm
Thickness To comply with IAAF Product Min 12 mm avg; nowhere <10 mm Min 12 mm avg; Nowhere <10 mm Suitability site
Certificate/IAAF Product Report or
this Standard compliance report,
with no area under 80 % and with
compliance to Force Reduction and
Deformation requirements met.
Drainage No standing water above surface No standing water over 3 mm above No standing water over 3 mm above Site
texture after 20 min surface texture after 20 min; areas surface texture after 20 min; areas
under 5 % slope by designed under5 %slopebydesignexempt;
exempt; total puddles under 0.2 % total puddles under 0.2 % total syn
totalsynsurface;nosinglepuddles surface; no single puddles over 2
2 2
over 2 m in size m in size
A
Force reduction 35 to 50 % at 10 to 40°C 30 to 50 % 10 to 40°C 25 to 50 % 10 to 40°C Suitability site
A
Vertical deformation 0.6 to 2.5 mm 0.6 to 2.8 mm 0.5 to 3.0 mm Suitability site
A A A
Texture influence (wet) Not to exceed IAAF requirement Not to exceed IAAF requirement Not to exceed IAAF requirement Suitability site
Tensile properties Strength: porous—min 0.4 MPa; Strength: porous—min 0.4 MPa; Strength: porous—min 0.4 MPa; Suitability site
nonporous—min 0.5 MPa; nonporous—min 0.5 MPa; nonporous—min 0.5 MPa;
A
Elongationallsurfaces—min40 % elongation all surfaces—min 40 % elongation all surfaces—min 35 %
A
Color grey scale Even color Evencolororevenfadingifbydesign Evencolororevenfadingifbydesign Suitability site
Weathering Min 75 % of pre-exposure value for Min 75 % of pre-exposure value for Min 75 % of pre-exposure value for Suitability site
strength and elongation on break; strength and elongation on break; strength and elongation on break; (optional)
no visual imperfections no visual imperfections no visual imperfections
Spike resistance No visible signs of damage No visible signs of damage Max of 10 lasting penetrations, no Suitability site
tears or splits (optional)
Flammability Must receive a result of “Pass” Must receive a result of “Pass” Must receive a result of “Pass” Suitability site
A
IAAF requirement.
6.1.2 Test Method—A visual examination of the surface is two directions. Where a gap is found exceeding the maximum
conducted and imperfections noted on a plan of the facility.A for the class, this is recorded on a plan of the facility.
photographic record of imperfections may be used to enhance
6.3 Thickness:
the report.
6.3.1 Description and Required Performance—The durabil-
6.2 Evenness: ity of the surface and the safety of the athlete can be affected
6.2.1 Description and Required Performance—The running bythethicknessoftherunningtracksurface.Theuseofspikes
tracksurfaceshallbeinstalledsothatonalocalizedlevel,there enhancesthisrequirementforaminimumthickness.Therewill
shall be no bumps or depressions beneath a 3-m straightedge be specifically designed areas such as in the javelin runway or
exceeding 6mm for a Class A and B surfaces or 8 mm for other high stress areas where the safety of the athlete and the
ClassCsurfaces.Depressionsbeneatha1-mstraightedgeshall durability of the surface will dictate that the thickness be
not exceed 3 mm for ClassAand Class B surface or 4mm for greater than the minimum. This additional thickness shall not
Class C. There shall be no step-like irregularities greater than affecttheevennessofthesurface.Theaveragethicknessofthe
1mm in height. Particular attention is to be paid to seams and running track surface shall be at least 12 mm, and nowhere
joints in the running surface. The intent is to ensure the safety shall the thickness be less than 10 mm. For Class A the total
of the athlete and provide an even running surface. area with a thickness between 10 mm and 10.5 mm shall be no
6.2.2 Test Method—Drag or regularly place the 3-m greater than 5% of the total surface.
straightedge, advancing by one half the length of the straight- 6.3.2 Test Method:
edgeforeachmeasurement,onthesurface,alongthelengthof 6.3.2.1 A calibrated three-prong floor depth measuring
the odd-numbered lanes and centerline of each run-up and probeisusedtodeterminethethicknessoftherunningsurface.
approach area as a minimum. Additional locations may be Care must be taken not to penetrate the asphalt base of the
tested a
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