ASTM F1575-03(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Bending Yield Moment of Nails
Standard Test Method for Determining Bending Yield Moment of Nails
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Nails are a common mechanical fastener in wood structures. Engineering design procedures used to determine the capacities of laterally-loaded nailed connections currently use a yield theory to establish the nominal resistance for laterally-loaded nailed connections that are engineered. In order to develop the nominal resistance for laterally-loaded nailed connections, the bending yield moment must be known.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the bending yield moment of nails when subjected to static loading. It is intended only for nails used in engineered connection applications, in which a required connection capacity is specified by the designer.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F1575 − 03(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Bending Yield Moment of Nails
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1575; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.1.3 yield theory—the model for lateral load design values
for dowel-type fasteners that specifically accounts for the
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the
different ways these connections behave under load. The
bending yield moment of nails when subjected to static
capacity of the connection under each yield mode is deter-
loading. It is intended only for nails used in engineered
minedbythebearingstrengthofthematerialunderthefastener
connection applications, in which a required connection capac-
and the bending strength of the fastener, with the lowest
ity is specified by the designer.
capacity calculated for the various modes being taken as the
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
design load for the connection.
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. 4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Test specimens are evaluated to determine capacity to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
resist lateral bending loads applied at a constant rate of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
deformation with a suitable testing machine. The load on the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
test specimen at various intervals of deformation is measured.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Supplementaryphysicalpropertiesofthetestspecimenarealso
determined.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
5.1 Nails are a common mechanical fastener in wood
E1470 Test Method for Characterization of Proteins by
structures. Engineering design procedures used to determine
Electrophoretic Mobility
the capacities of laterally-loaded nailed connections currently
F1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, and
use a yield theory to establish the nominal resistance for
Staples
laterally-loaded nailed connections that are engineered. In
order to develop the nominal resistance for laterally-loaded
3. Terminology
nailed connections, the bending yield moment must be known.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6. Apparatus
3.1.1 bending yield moment—the moment determined from
the load-deformation curve that is intermediate between the 6.1 Testing Machine—Any suitable testing machine capable
proportional limit and maximum load for the nail. It is of operation at a constant rate of motion of its movable head
calculated by the intersection of the load-deformation curve and having an accuracy of 61 % when calibrated in accor-
dance with Practice E4.
with a line represented by the initial tangent modulus offset
5 % of the fastener diameter.
6.2 Cylindrical Bearing Points—Any cylindrical metal
3.1.2 transition zone—the location of the transition from membercapableofsupportingthetestspecimenduringloading
smooth shank to threaded shank on a deformed-shank nail.
without deforming, as shown in Fig. 1, and having diameter
(D) = 0.375 in.
6.2.1 Cylindrical bearing points shall be free to rotate as the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
test specimen deforms.
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.05 on Driven and
Other Fasteners.
6.3 Cylindrical Load Point—Any cylindrical metal member
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published February 2009. Originally
capable of loading the test specimen without deforming, as
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F1575 – 03. DOI:
shown in Fig. 1, and having diameter (D) = 0.375 in.
10.1520/F1575-03R08.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.4 Recording Device—Anydevicewithatleastareadingof
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
0.001in.(0.025mm)andanysuitabledeviceformeasuringthe
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. load on the test specimen during deformation.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1575 − 03 (2008)
TABLE 1 Length Between Nail Bearing Points
Nail Nominal Diameter (in.), Length Between
tolerance per Specification Bearing Points (in.)
F1667
0.099 1.1
0.113 1.3
0.120 1.4
0.131 1.5
0.148 1.7
0.162 1.9
0.190 2.2
Larger than 0.190 11.5 times the nail diameter,
rounded to the nearest
tenth of an inch
Length between bearing points for nails with diameters other than shown
in Table 1 are the lengths for the next smaller listed diameter.
9.1.2 The load shall be applied to the test specimen so that
FIG. 1 Center-Point Bending Test for Nails
the center of the cylindrical load point is equidistant from the
center of each cylindrical bearing point (s /2) as shown in Fig.
bp
1.
9.1.3 Deformed-shank nails shall be placed on the cylindri-
7. Sampling
cal bearing points for testing so that the transition zone
7.1 Sampling shall provide for selection of representative
between shank and thread is as close to the midpoint between
test specimens that are appropriate to the objectives of the
the bearing points as possible.
testing program.
9.2 Loading:
9.2.1 The maximum constant rate of loading, r , shall be as
8. Specimens and Tests
L
follows:
8.1 Tests for smooth shank nails shall be performed on
r 5 0.25 in./min
either the finished nail or a specimen of drawn wire stock from L
which the nail would be manufactured. Tests for deformed-
9.2.2 The procedures described herein are for static loading.
shank nails shall be performed on the finished nail.
Procedures to evaluate nails for impact or cyclic loads are not
a part of this test method.
8.2 Diameter Measurement—Measure the actual diameter
ofeachtestspecimenatthemidpointofitslengthtothenearest
9.3 Load and Deformation Measurement—Measure the ap-
0.001 in. (0.025 mm). The nail diameter shall be defined as the
plied load on and deformation of the test specimen from the
diameter of the unthreaded shank for partially deformed-shank
initiation of load application and take readings of each at
nailsandshallbemeasuredatthemidpointofthelengthofnail
sufficiently frequent intervals to permit establishment of a
shank between nail head and transition zone.
satisfactory load-deformation curve except as permitted in
9.3.1. Continue the loading until the ultimate load is reached
8.3 Length Measurement—The nail shall be long enough to
and the load capacity begins to decrease.
prevent the nail head or point from bearing on the cylindrical
9.3.1 As an alternative to establishment of a load-
nail supports during application of lo
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F1575–03 Designation:F1575–03 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Bending Yield Moment of Nails
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1575; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the bending yield moment of nails when subjected to static loading. It
is intended only for nails used in engineered connection applications, in which a required connection capacity is specified by the
designer.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
FE 1470Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance Inspection Test Method for
Characterization of Proteins by Electrophoretic Mobility
F 1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, and Staples
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 bending yield moment—the moment determined from the load-deformation curve that is intermediate between the
proportional limit and maximum load for the nail. It is calculated by the intersection of the load-deformation curve with a line
represented by the initial tangent modulus offset 5 % of the fastener diameter.
3.1.2 transition zone—the location of the transition from smooth shank to threaded shank on a deformed-shank nail.
3.1.3 yield theory—the model for lateral load design values for dowel-type fasteners that specifically accounts for the different
ways these connections behave under load. The capacity of the connection under each yield mode is determined by the bearing
strength of the material under the fastener and the bending strength of the fastener, with the lowest capacity calculated for the
various modes being taken as the design load for the connection.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Test specimens are evaluated to determine capacity to resist lateral bending loads applied at a constant rate of deformation
with a suitable testing machine. The load on the test specimen at various intervals of deformation is measured. Supplementary
physical properties of the test specimen are also determined.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Nailsareacommonmechanicalfastenerinwoodstructures.Engineeringdesignproceduresusedtodeterminethecapacities
of laterally-loaded nailed connections currently use a yield theory to establish the nominal resistance for laterally-loaded nailed
connections that are engineered. In order to develop the nominal resistance for laterally-loaded nailed connections, the bending
yield moment must be known.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.05 on Driven and Other Fasteners
.
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F1575–02.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published February 2009. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F 1575 – 03.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 03.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F1575–03 (2008)
6. Apparatus
6.1 Testing Machine—Any suitable testing machine capable of operation at a constant rate of motion of its movable head and
having an accuracy of 61 % when calibrated in accordance with Practice E 4.
6.2 Cylindrical Bearing Points—Any cylindrical metal member capable of supporting the test specimen during loading without
deforming, as shown in Fig. 1, and having diameter (D) = 0.375 in.
6.2.1 Cylindrical bearing points shall be free to rotate as the test specimen deforms.
6.3 Cylindrical Load Point—Any cylindrical metal member capable of loading the test specimen without deforming, as shown
in Fig. 1, and having diameter (D) = 0.375 in.
6.4 Recording Device—Any device with at least a reading of 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) and any suitable device for measuring the
load on the test specimen during deformation.
7. Sampling
7.1 Sampling shall provide for selection of representative test specimens that are appropriate to the objectives of the testing
program.
8. Specimens and Tests
8.1 Tests for smooth shank nails shall be performed on either the finished nail or a specimen of drawn wire stock from which
the nail would be manufactured. Tests for deformed-shank nails shall be performed on the finished nail.
8.2 Diameter Measurement—Measuretheactualdiameterofeachtestspecimenatthemidpointofitslengthtothenearest0.001
in. (0.025 mm). The nail diameter shall be defined as the diameter of the unthreaded shank for partially deformed-shank nails and
shall be measured at the midpoint of the length of nail shank between nail head and transition zone.
8.3 Length Measurement—The nail shall be long enough to prevent the nail head or point from bearing on the cylindrical nail
supports during application of load to the nail through the time when ultimate load is reached.
9. Procedure
9.1 Test Setup:
9.1.1 Cylindrical bearing point spacing, s , shall be as indicated in Table 1
bp
9.1.1.1 If nails are too short to meet this requirement and the nails receive no processing after forming that can affect fastener
bending yield strength, such as heat treating or thread rolling, the test shall be performed on wire from which the nail is made.
9.1.1.2 If nails are too short to meet this requirement and receive processing after forming that can affect fastener bending yield
strength, such as heat treating or thread rolling, the nails shall be tested with the largest possible span and the span and
circumstances reported in the report.
NOTE 1—Experience indicates that test results are sensitive to large changes in bearing point spacing, s .
bp
9.1.2 The load shall be applied to the test specimen so that the center of the cylindrical load point is equidistant from the center
of each cylindrical bearing point (s /2) as shown in Fig. 1.
bp
9.1.3 Deformed-shanknailsshallbeplacedonthecylindricalbearingpointsfortestingsothatthetransitionzonebetweenshank
and thread is as close to the midpoint between the bearing points as possible.
9.2 Loading:
9.2.1 The maximum constant rate of loading, r , shall be as follows:
L
FIG. 1 Center-Point Bending Test for Nails
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