F16 - Fasteners

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Nails, spikes, and dowel-type threaded fasteners are common mechanical fasteners in wood structures. Engineering design procedures used to determine the capacities of laterally-loaded connections with these types of fasteners rely on a yield theory to establish the nominal resistance. In order to develop the nominal resistance for laterally-loaded connections, the fastener bending yield strength, length, and diameter must be known.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the bending yield moment and calculation of bending yield strength (Fyb) of nails, spikes, and dowel-type threaded fasteners (referred to collectively as fasteners) when subjected to static loading. Bending yield strength is used in engineered connection applications, in which a required connection capacity is specified by the designer.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 1: This test method is applicable in either inch-pounds F1575 or SI Units [F1575M]. Values stated in SI are a mathematical conversion of two significant digits and are shown in brackets [ ].  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical composition, mechanical (Brinell hardness), dimensional, and visual inspection requirements, and associated test methods for steel rivets used for structural fabricating purposes. The steel used to make the rivets shall be manufactured by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process, and the corresponding rivets shall be made by the hot or cold heading process and are expected to be hot driven. The rivets are available in the following grades: Grade 1, carbon steel rivets for general purpose use; Grade 2, carbon manganese steel rivets for use with high strength carbon and high strength low alloy structural steels; and Grade 3, weathering steel rivets.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers three grades of steel rivets in diameters from 1/2 to 11/2 in. inclusive, for structural fabricating purposes. The grades are as follows:    
Grade  
Description  
1  
Carbon steel rivets for general purpose use  
2  
Carbon manganese steel rivets for use with high strength carbon and high strength low alloy structural steels    
3  
Weathering steel rivets  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements of hexagon and square-head zinc-coated steel bolts and atmospheric corrosion-resistant bolts for use in the construction of transmission towers, substations, and similar steel structures. The following types of bolts are: Type 0 includes hot-dip zinc-coated bolts made of low or medium carbon steel, Type 1 includes hot-dip zinc-coated bolts made of medium carbon steel, quenched and tempered, Type 2, and Type 3 includes bare, quenched, and tempered bolts made of weathering steel. Steel for the manufacture of bolts shall be made by any of the following processes: open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen. Type 1 bolts produced from medium carbon steel shall be quenched in a liquid medium from above the austenizing temperature. Type 1 bolts produced from medium carbon steel to which chromium, nickel, molybdenum, or boron were intentionally added shall be quenched only in oil from above the austenitizing temperature. Type 3 bolts shall be quenched only in oil from above the austenitizing temperature. Cold-headed Type 0 bolts shall be stress relief annealed before zinc coating to remove cold work effects such that the hardness measured anywhere on the surface or through the cross-section shall meet the requirement specified. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following mechanical properties of bolts: hardness, tensile strength, and shear strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements of hexagon and square-head zinc-coated steel bolts and atmospheric corrosion-resistant bolts, in nominal thread diameters of 1/2 , 5/8 , 3/4 , 7/8 and 1 in. for use in the construction of transmission towers, substations, and similar steel structures. The various types of bolts covered in this specification are:  
1.1.1 Type 0—Hot-dip zinc-coated bolts made of low or medium carbon steel.  
1.1.2 Type 1—Hot-dip zinc-coated bolts made of medium carbon steel, quenched and tempered.  
1.1.3 Type 2—Withdrawn in 2005.  
1.1.4 Type 3—Bare (uncoated), quenched and tempered bolts made of weathering steel.  
1.2 Annex A1 of this specification covers hot-dip zinc-coated steel ladder bolts, step bolts, and support-equipment bolts.  
1.3 Nuts and washers that are supplied under this specification that are hot-dip zinc coated shall be in accordance with 4.4.  
1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Sampling shall be selected in a random manner, ensuring that any unit in the lot has an equal chance of being chosen. Sampling should not be localized by selections being taken from the top of a container or from only one container of multi-container lots.  
4.2 The purchaser should be aware of the supplier's quality assurance system. This can be accomplished by auditing the supplier's quality system, if qualified auditors are available, or by third-party assessment certification, such as provided by IATF 16949, or ISO 9001.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides sampling methods for determining how many fasteners to include in a random sample in order to determine the acceptability or disposition of a given lot of fasteners.  
1.2 This practice is for mechanical properties, physical properties, performance properties, coating requirements, and other quality requirements specified in the standards of ASTM Committee F16. Dimensional and thread criteria sampling plans are the responsibility of ASME Committee B18.  
1.3 This practice provides for two sampling plans: one designated the “detection process,” as described in Terminology F1789, and one designated the “prevention process,” as described in Terminology F1789.  
1.4 This practice is intended to be used as either a Final Inspection Plan for manufacturers, or as a Receiving Inspection Plan for purchasers/users. It is not valid for third-party qualification testing.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers chemical and mechanical requirements for eight property classes of hex and hex-flange carbon and alloy steel nuts for general structural and mechanical uses on bolts, studs, and other externally threaded parts. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of material such as hardness and proof load, chemical, and mechanical requirements. Classes 8S3 and 10S3 nuts have atmospheric corrosion resistance and weathering characteristics comparable to those of the steels. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of these steels is substantially better than that of carbon steel with or without copper addition. When properly exposed to the atmosphere, these steels can be used bare (uncoated) for many applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for eleven grades of carbon and alloy steel nuts for general structural and mechanical uses on bolts, studs, and other externally threaded parts.  
Note 1: See Appendix X1 for guidance on suitable application of nut grades.  
1.2 The requirements for any grade of nut may, at the supplier's option, and with notice to the purchaser, be fulfilled by furnishing nuts of one of the stronger grades specified herein unless such substitution is barred in the inquiry and purchase order.  
1.3 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel Backup and Reaction washers for use with fasteners having nominal diameters of 1/2 in. through 3 in. and M14 through M80. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, DTIs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. These washers are suitable for use with fasteners covered in Specifications A354, A193/A193M, A194/A194M, A320/A320M, F959/F959M, A449, A563, A563M, and F3125.  
1.2 The washers are designated by style denoting the shape, by type denoting the material, and by inch or metric dimensions.  
1.2.1 The styles of washers covered are:
1.2.1.1 Reaction—Circular washers with a knurled surface on one side and a contoured outside diameter designed to couple with the installation tool.
1.2.1.2 Backup—Circular washers having a knurled surface on both sides.  
1.2.2 The types of washers covered are:  
1.2.2.1 Type 1—Medium Carbon or Medium Carbon Alloy Steel.
1.2.2.2 Type 3—Weathering steel. This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 to chemical composition or a Corrosion Index (CRI) of 6 or higher, at the supplier’s option.  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units for inch fasteners and SI units for metric fasteners and are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard provides a compilation of definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.  
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically. In Appendix X1 they are listed under fastener characteristic.  
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and SAE J412.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars for mechanical fasteners. Manufacturing of materials shall conform to the melting, casting, deoxidation, grain size, hardenability, and thermal treatment practices of this specification. Chemical requirements shall conform to the specified limits of chemical composition for carbon steel. Requirements of metallurgical structure shall include course austenitic grain size, fine autenitic grain size, and speheroidized annealed material. The material shall be tested for decarburization, maximum tensile strength, reduction area, hardenability, grain size, calibration, dimensions, and tolerances. Surface condition, coating, workmanship, finish, appearance, and packaging shall also conform to the requirements of this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes quality assurance requirements for the physical, mechanical, and metallurgical requirements for carbon and alloy steel wire, rods, and bars in coils intended for the manufacture of mechanical fasteners which includes: bolts, nuts, rivets, screws, washers, and special parts manufactured cold.
Note 1: The Steel Industry uses the term “quality” to designate characteristics of a material which make it particularly well suited to a specific fabrication and/or application and does not imply “quality” in the usual sense.  
1.2 Wire size range includes 0.062 to 1.375 in.  
1.3 Rod size range usually includes 7/32 in. (0.219) to 47/64 in. (0.734) and generally offered in 1/64 increments (0.0156).  
1.4 Bar size range includes 3/8 in. (0.375) to 11/2 in. (1.500).  
1.5 Sizes for wire, rod and bar outside the ranges of paragraphs 1.2 – 1.4 may be ordered by agreement between purchaser and supplier.  
1.6 Material is furnished in many application variations. The purchaser should advise the supplier regarding the manufacturing process and finished product application as appropriate. Five application variations are:    
Cold Heading  
Recessed Head  
Socket Head  
Scrapless Nut  
Tubular Rivet  
1.6.1 Wire is furnished for all five application variations.  
1.6.2 Rod and bar are furnished to the single application variation; Cold Heading.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for two types (Types 8.8 and 10.9) of compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators, in nominal diameter sizes M16 through M36, capable of indicating the achievement of a specified minimum bolt tension in a structural bolt and are intended for installation under either a bolt head or a hardened washer. Steel materials used in the manufacture of direct tension indicators shall be designed, processed, heat treated, and protectively coated as specified. The direct tension indicators shall conform to required chemical composition, compression load, outside diameter, number of protrusions, thickness values, inside diameter, and protrusion tangential diameter values.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators, (DTIs) capable of indicating the achievement of a specified minimum tension in a structural bolting assembly.  
1.2 Eight types of DTIs in nominal diameter sizes 1/2 through 1 1/2 in. as well as M16 through M36 are covered:  
1.2.1 Type 325-1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325 Type 1 bolts or Grade F1852 assemblies.  
1.2.2 Type 325–3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325 Type 3 bolts or Grade F1852 Type 3 assemblies.  
1.2.3 Type 490–1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490 Type 1 bolts or Grade F2280 assemblies.  
1.2.4 Type 490–3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490 Type 3 bolts Grade F2280 Type 3 assemblies.  
1.2.5 Type 8.8-1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325M Type 1 bolts.  
1.2.6 Type 8.8-3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325M Type 3 bolts.  
1.2.7 Type 10.9-1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490M Type 1 bolts.  
1.2.8 Type 10.9-3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490M Type 3 bolts.  
1.3 DTIs are intended for installation with the protrusions against a hardened surface such as a bolt head, a hardened nut, or a hardened washer. (See Research Council on Structural Connections: Specification for Structural Joints Using High–Strength Bolts.)  
1.4 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 DTIs to a Chemical Composition Requirement or a Corrosion Resistance Index (CRI) at the manufacturer’s discretion.  
1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise specified.  
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.7 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions, Section 10 and Appendix X1 of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for carbon and alloy steel compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators (DTIs) capable of indicating a specified bolt tension in cap screws, bolts, anchors, and studs. These DTIs are intended for installation under a bolt or cap screw head, a hex nut, or against a hardened washer or other flat hardened surface. The following are two types of DTIs: Type 1 DTIs are suitable for comparatively large bearing surfaces and Type 2 DTIs are suitable for comparatively smaller bearing surfaces. DTIs shall have a configuration produced by extrusion, punching, pressing, or similar forming to permit a measurable decrease in thickness when placed in compression. The design shall be such that the degree of plastic deformation of the protrusions shall indicate the tension in a tightened cap screw, bolt, anchor, or stud. The process used for heat treatment of DTIs, if required, shall be through-hardening by heating to a temperature above the upper transformation temperature, quenching in oil, and then tempering by reheating to a suitable temperature to attain desired mechanical/performance properties. Protective coatings, platings, or finishes may be applied on the DTIs if specified. Compression load and hardness of the DTIs shall be determined by performing mechanical tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for carbon and alloy steel compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators (DTIs) capable of indicating a specified bolt tension in cap screws, bolts, anchors, and studs.  
1.2 Direct tension indicators in inch sizes 1/4 through 21/2 in. and metric sizes M6 and M72 are covered.  
1.3 Direct tension indicators have two styles and four grades for inch fasteners, Grades 5, 8, 55, and 105, and two property classes for metric fasteners, property classes 8.8 and 10.9 each of which differ in their compressive load requirements at a given gap (see Table 1 and Table 2).  
1.3.1 Style 1 DTIs are suitable for comparatively smaller bearing surfaces. Style 1 DTIs are available in Grades 5 and 8, which differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a prescribed gap (see Table 1 and Table 3).  
1.3.2 Style 2 DTIs are suitable for comparatively large bearing surfaces. Style 2 DTIs are available in Grades 55 and 105, which differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a prescribed gap (see Table 1 and Table 3).    
1.4 Direct tension indicators are intended for installation under a bolt or cap screw head, a hex nut, or against a hardened washer or other flat hardened surface.  
1.5 Recommended Fasteners—Fasteners meeting the requirements of the standards referenced in Table 3 are considered compatible with the DTI grade or class listed.  
1.6 The values stated for Inch DTIs are expressed in inch-pound units and for Metric DTIs values are expressed in SI units. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.7 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions, Section 12of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides the chemical, physical and mechanical requirements for quenched and tempered bolts manufactured from steel and alloy steel, in inch and metric dimensions, in two strength grades, two types and two styles. It is intended to ensure alignment between standards with the same intended end use and to simplify the use and maintenance of structural bolt specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers chemical, physical and mechanical requirements for quenched and tempered bolts manufactured from steel and alloy steel, in inch and metric dimensions, in two strength grades, two types and two styles.  
1.1.1 This specification is a consolidation and replacement of six ASTM standards, including; A325, A325M, A490, A490M, F1852 and F2280.  
1.1.2 This consolidated standard is to ensure alignment between standards with the same intended end use and to simplify the use and maintenance of structural bolt specifications.  
1.2 Intended Use:  
1.2.1 Bolts manufactured under this specification are intended for use in structural connections covered in the Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts, as approved by the Research Council on Structural Connections.  
1.2.2 Bolts in this specification are furnished in sizes from 1/2 to 1-1/2 in. inclusive and from M12 to M36 inclusive.  
1.3 Classification, Table 1:  
1.3.1 Bolts are designated by grade, which indicates inch or metric strength and style.  
1.3.2 Bolts are designated by type denoting raw material chemical composition.  
1.3.3 Bolts are designated by style denoting Heavy Hex bolts or “Twist-Off” Style assemblies.  
1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in F1789.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 Table footnotes are requirements. Notes are advisory.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for hot-dip zinc coating applied to carbon steel and alloy steel bolts, screws, washers, nuts, and special threaded fasteners applied by the hot-dip coating process. The zinc used for the coating shall conform to the chemical composition required. The following tests shall be made to ensure that the zinc coating is being furnished in accordance with this specification: coating thickness; finish and appearance; embrittlement test; and adhesion test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for hot-dip zinc coating applied to carbon steel and alloy steel bolts, screws, washers, nuts, and special threaded fasteners. It also provides for minor coating repairs. Nails and rivets are not included in this specification.  
1.2 It is intended to be applicable to fasteners that are centrifuged or otherwise handled to remove excess galvanizing bath metal (free zinc).  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for commercial wrought nonferrous bolts, hex cap screws, and studs manufactured from a number of alloys in common use and intended for general service applications. The bolts, cap screws, and studs shall be manufactured from material having a chemical composition conforming to the requirements specified. The fasteners shall be cold formed, hot formed, or machined from suitable material. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following mechanical properties of fasteners: hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
12.1 For purposes of determining compliance with the specified limits for requirements of the properties listed in this specification, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded in accordance with Practice E29.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for commercial wrought nonferrous bolts, hex cap screws, and studs 0.250 to 1.500 in., socket head cap screws (including socket head cap, button head and flat countersunk head configurations) with nominal thread 0.06 (size 0) through 1.500 in. and low head socket cap screws with nominal thread 0.112 (size 4) through 0.625 (5/8 ) in. inclusive in diameter manufactured from a number of alloys in common use and intended for general service applications.  
1.2 Applicable nuts for use with bolts, cap screws, and studs covered by this specification are covered by Specification F467.  
1.2.1 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: A complete metric companion to Specification F468 has been developed—F468M; therefore no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for quenched and tempered alloy steel hexagon socket button (SBHCS) and flat countersunk (SFHCS) head cap screws. The screws shall be fabricated from alloy steel made to fine grain practice. The chemical composition of the screw material shall conform to the heat analysis specified. Hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and area reduction shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for quenched and tempered alloy steel hexagon socket button (SBHCS) 0.060 through 0.625 thread sizes, flat countersunk (SFHCS) 0.060 through 1.5 thread sizes and low (SLHCS) 0.1120 through 0.625 thread sizes head cap screws having material properties for high-strength requirements.  
1.2 Fasteners meeting this specification are intended for shear-type applications and have tensile requirements ranging from 122 to 150 ksi.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The hazard statement applies only to the test method section, Section 11, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for stainless steel metric hexagon socket button (SBHCS) and flat countersunk (SFHCS) head cap screws with nominal thread M 3 through M 20 intended for use in applications requiring general corrosion resistance. These steels are designated into three classes: Austenitic Class A 1-50 in an annealed condition, Austenitic Class A1-55 in a cold worked condition, and Austenitic Class A 1-70 in a cold worked condition. The austenitic stainless steel socket screw shall be designated F879M A1-50, F879M A1–55, or F 879M A1-70. Screws shall be formed by upsetting or extruding, or both. Also, these screws shall be roll threaded. Austenitic alloys ClassA 1-50 screws, following manufacture, shall be annealed by heating to a certain temperature to obtain maximum corrosion resistance and minimum permeability. The screws shall be held for a sufficient time at temperature, then cooled at a rate sufficient to prevent precipitation of the carbide and provide the properties specified. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following mechanical properties of screws: tensile strength, minimum extension, yield strength, elongation, Vickers hardness, and Rockwell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for stainless steel inch hexagon socket button (SBHCS), flat countersunk (SFHCS) head cap screws with nominal thread 0.060 through 0.625 in. and low head (SLHCS) cap screws with nominal thread 0.112 through 0.625 in. intended for use in applications requiring general corrosion resistance.  
1.2 Two groups of austenitic stainless steel alloys and three conditions are covered. See Table 1 and Table 2.    
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 12, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers corrosion-resistant coating consisting of an inorganic aluminum particle-filled basecoat and an organic or inorganic topcoat. The basecoat is a water-dilutable slurry containing aluminum particles dispersed in a liquid binder of chromate/phosphate compounds. The organic topcoats consist of polymer resins and dispersed pigments. The inorganic topcoats consist of ceramic oxide pigments dispersed in a liquid binder of chromate/phosphate compounds. These coatings are applied by conventional dip/spin, dip/drain, or spray methods. The coating systems defined by this specification can be applied to ferrous alloy steels, aluminum, and ferritic and austenitic stainless steels. The inorganic aluminum particle-filled basecoat and the subsequent topcoats are classified into three groups, with subsequent subgroups. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of appearance, adhesion, corrosion, thread-fit, weathering, coating thickness, and humidity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the basic requirements for a corrosion-resistant coating consisting of an inorganic aluminum particle-filled basecoat and an organic or inorganic topcoat, depending on the specific requirements.  
1.2 The coating may be specified with basecoat only, or with the top coated with compatible organic polymer or inorganic topcoats, depending on the specific requirements.  
1.3 The basecoat is a water-dilutable slurry containing aluminum particles dispersed in a liquid binder of chromate/phosphate compounds.  
1.4 The organic topcoats consist of polymer resins and dispersed pigments and are for service where temperatures do not exceed 230 °C (450 °F).  
1.5 The inorganic topcoats consist of ceramic oxide pigments dispersed in a liquid binder of chromate/phosphate compounds and are for service where temperatures do not exceed 645 °C (1200 °F).  
1.6 These coatings are applied by conventional dip/spin, dip/drain, or spray methods.  
1.7 The coating process does not normally induce hydrogen embrittlement, provided that the parts to be coated have not been subjected to an acid cleaner or pretreatment (see Note 1).
Note 1: Although this coating material contains water, it has a relatively low susceptibility to inducing hydrogen embrittlement in steel parts of tensile strengths equal to or greater than 1000 MPa (approximately RC31). Normal precautions for preparing, descaling, and cleaning steels of these tensile strengths must be observed. An initial stress relief treatment should be considered prior to any chemical treatment or cleaning operation. Acids or other treatments that evolve hydrogen should be avoided. Mechanical cleaning methods may be considered. Some steels are more susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement than others and may also require hydrogen embrittlement relief baking after cleaning but before coating. Since no process can completely guarantee freedom from embrittlement, careful consideration must be given to the entire coating process and the specific steel alloy employed.  
1.8 The coating systems defined by this specification can be applied to ferrous alloy steels, aluminum, and ferritic and austenitic stainless steels.  
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.10 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of Inte...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
13.1 For the purposes of determining compliance with the specified limits for properties listed in this specification, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded in accordance with Practice E29.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for stainless steel bolts, hex cap screws, and studs 0.25 to 1.50 in., inclusive, in nominal diameter in a number of alloys in common use and intended for service applications requiring general corrosion resistance.  
1.2 Seven groups of stainless steel alloys are covered, including fourteen austenitic, two ferritic, four martensitic, and one precipitation hardening.    
Group  
AlloysA  
ConditionB    
1  
304, 305, 384, 304 L,  
(CW) cold workedC  
18-9LW, 302HQ, 304J3D  
2  
316, 316 L  
(CW) cold workedC  
3  
321, 347  
(CW) cold workedC  
4  
430E  
(CW) cold workedC  
5  
410F  
(H) hardened and tempered  
6  
431  
(H) hardened and tempered  
7  
630  
(AH) age hardened  
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided, applicable only when agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of the inquiry and order.  
1.4 Suitable nuts for use with bolts, hex cap screws, and studs included in this specification are covered by Specification F594. Unless otherwise specified, all nuts used on these fasteners shall conform to the requirements of Specification F594, shall be of the same alloy group, and shall have a specified minimum proof stress equal to or greater than the specified minimum full-size tensile strength of the externally threaded fastener.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for stainless steel nuts in specified size, inclusive, in nominal diameter in a number of alloys in common use and intended for service applications requiring general corrosion resistance. Seven groups of stainless steel alloys are covered, including ten austenitic, two ferritic, four martensitic, and one precipitation hardening: Group 1; Group 2; Group 3; Group 4; Group 5; Group 6; and Group 7. The finished fasteners shall meet the applicable mechanical properties. Chemical tests; mechanical tests; and corrosion resistance shall be performed to conform with the specified requirements.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
15.1 For the purposes of determining compliance with the specified limits for properties listed in this specification, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded in accordance with Practice E29.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for stainless steel nuts 0.25 to 1.50 in., inclusive, in nominal diameter in a number of alloys in common use and intended for service applications requiring general corrosion resistance.  
1.2 Seven groups of stainless steel alloys are covered, including ten austenitic, two ferritic, four martensitic, and one precipitation hardening.    
Group  
AlloysA  
ConditionB    
1  
304, 305, 304L
384, 18–9LW, 302HQC  
(CW)  
cold workedD    
2  
316, 316L  
(CW)  
cold workedD  
3  
321, 347  
(CW)  
cold workedD  
4  
430E  
(CW)  
cold workedD  
5  
410F  
(H)  
hardened and tempered    
6  
431  
(H)  
hardened and tempered  
7  
630  
(AH)  
aged hardened  
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided, applicable only when agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of the inquiry and order.  
1.4 Suitable bolts, hex cap screws, and studs for use with nuts included in this specification are covered by Specification F593. Unless otherwise specified, all bolts, hex cap screws, and studs used with these nuts shall conform to the requirements of Specification F593 and shall be of the same alloy group.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Decarburization and carburization are two surface conditions created, either intentionally or unintentionally, as with a pre-existing condition created during the rod rolling process, the rod/wire annealing process, or while heat treating threaded steel products. Too much of either will adversely affect the safety and performance of the threaded product. Therefore, limits have been established for four different product groups: the harder and greater the tensile strength of the product, the more susceptible to failure the product becomes if these limits are exceeded.  
4.2 When testing to a particular product specification that lists the dimensions and microindentation data to be used, that data shall take precedence over the tables in this test method.  
4.3 There are only two viable methods available to detect these deficiencies: either by the visual method or the microindentation method. Both methods are used for routine inspections when evaluations are conducted at a single location on the product sample. Because an evaluation at a specific location may not be representative of the whole part, the referee method employs the microindentation method taken as an average of evaluations conducted on four adjacent threads. This procedure significantly reduces random test variables when compared to testing on a single thread.˙  
4.4 Specifying this test method does not specify or imply that testing shall be for either decarburization or carburization alone or for both conditions. When either test method is performed, both conditions will be apparent and shall be reported. For example, if an order is placed to test for decarburization and none is found but the presence of decarburization is detected, it shall be reported on the test report that carburization was found.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for measuring, classifying, and determining the presence of decarburization and carburization in the threaded section of hardened and tempered metric steel bolts, screws, studs, nuts and similar parts which have been heated to facilitate fabrication or to modify their mechanical properties. This test method is not intended to address products which are intentionally carburized to achieve specific results.  
1.2 Two routine methods are described for measuring the limits of and determining the presence of decarburization or carburization; the Optical Method and the Microindentation Method 1. Either method is appropriate for routine examinations. The Microindentation Method 2 shall be considered the referee method.  
1.3 For the purpose of these tests, there are five classes of hardened and tempered steel products for which specific measurements must be made with respect to their physical properties.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities such as cracks that may occur during the manufacture and processing of metric-series nuts and inch-series nuts. The different types of surface discontinuities and allowable limits are presented in details. The nuts shall be inspected for surface discontinuities to meet the requirements prescribed. Cone proof load test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of metric-series nuts with nominal diameters 5 mm and larger and inch-series nuts with nominal diameters 1/4 in. and larger.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
1.3 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on nuts, the purchaser shall specify conformance to this ASTM specification in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.3.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on nuts be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.4 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric nuts, with nominal diameters 5 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO/DIS 6157/II. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on metric-series nuts with nominal diameters larger than 24 mm or on any inch-series nuts.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Decarburization and carburization are two surface conditions created, either intentionally or unintentionally, as with a pre-existing condition created during the rod rolling process, the rod/wire annealing process, or while heat treating threaded steel products. Too much of either will adversely affect the safety and performance of the threaded product. Therefore, limits have been established for three different product groups: the harder and greater the tensile strength of the product, the more susceptible to failure the product becomes if these limits are exceeded.  
4.2 When testing to a particular product specification that lists the dimensions and microindentation data to be used, that data shall take precedence over the tables in this test method.  
4.3 There are only two viable methods available to detect these deficiencies, either by the visual method or the microindentation method. Both methods are used for routine inspections when evaluations are conducted at a single location on the product sample.  
4.3.1 Because an evaluation at a specific location may not be representative of the whole part, the referee method employs the microindentation method taken as an average of evaluations conducted on four adjacent threads. This procedure significantly reduces the random test variables when compared to testing on a single thread.  
4.4 Specifying this test method does not specify or imply that testing shall be for either decarburization or carburization alone or for both conditions. When either test method is performed, both conditions will be apparent and shall be reported. For example, if an order is placed to test for decarburization and none is found, but the presence of carburization is detected, it shall be reported on the test report that carburization was found.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for measuring, classifying, and determining the presence of decarburization and carburization in the threaded section of hardened and tempered inch series steel bolts, screws, studs, nuts, and similar parts which have been heated to facilitate fabrication or to modify their mechanical properties. This test method is not intended to address products which are intentionally carburized to achieve specific results.  
1.2 Two routine methods are described for measuring the limits of and determining the presence of decarburization or carburization—the optical method and the microindentation method 1. Either method is appropriate for routine examinations. The microindentation method 2 shall be considered the referee method.  
1.3 For the purpose of these tests, there are four classes of hardened and tempered steel products for which specific measurements must be made with respect to their physical properties.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers externally threaded bolts, studs, and cap screws called fasteners, capable of indicating clamping forces up to yield strength during the tightening process or post installation residual tension, or both. Load-indicating fasteners utilize mechanical, electronic, or ultrasonic means to indicate fastener tension. These fasteners provide a means to verify the desired clamp load in critical applications upon installation and in service. This specification covers the following four different types of load-indicating fasteners: mechanical dial type (MT); electronic type (ET); strain gauge type (ST); and ultrasonic type (UT). Tension test shall be performed to conform to the chemical and mechanical requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers externally threaded bolts, studs, and cap screws, herein called fasteners, capable of indicating clamping forces up to yield strength during the tightening process or post installation residual tension, or both. Load-indicating fasteners utilize a variety of sensor types to indicate fastener tension. This specification outlines the various types of load indication technologies available and defines their performance requirements.  
1.2 This specification covers fastener diameters 1/4 to 7 in. [M6 to M180] inclusive. Fasteners are manufactured from a variety of material types and grades. All fastener materials shall be defined by a governing engineering standard or specification for strength and performance values (see 6.1). Fasteners governed by this specification shall maintain traceability of material test records throughout the manufacturing process to verify conformance with the applicable fastener standards.  
1.3 These fasteners provide a means to verify the desired clamp load in critical applications upon installation and in service.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of the specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Staples are mechanical fasteners used in wood structures. Engineering design procedures used to determine the capacities of laterally-loaded staple connections use a yield theory to establish nominal resistance (Note 2). In order to develop nominal resistance for laterally-loaded stapled connections, the bending yield moment must be known.
Note 2: When used as a structural fastener in shear walls and diaphragms, staples are installed with the crown parallel to the long dimension of the framing member. The orientation of the staples for this bending yield moment test represents the bending yield moment applicable for this intended use).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the bending yield moment of staples when subjected to static loading. Although intended for flat crown staples identified in Specification F1667/F1667M, this procedure is also applicable for staples with round wire. These staples are used in engineered wood building connection applications for which required connection capacities are specified by the designer.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 1: This test method is applicable in either inch-pounds F3359 or SI Units [F3359M]. Values stated in SI are a mathematical conversion and are shown in brackets [ ].  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for quenched and tempered alloy steel socket-head cap screws. The screws shall be fabricated from steel made to fine grain practice and shall be alloy steel conforming to the chemical composition specified. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following mechanical properties of screws: tensile or wedge strength, proof load, yield strength, elongation, Rockwell hardness, and Vickers hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for quenched and tempered alloy steel hexagon socket-head cap screws, 0.060 through 4 in. in diameter where high strength is required.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portions, Sections 5.1, 5.6, 8, and 12, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nails, spikes, staples, and other fasteners driven by hand tool, power tool, or mechanical device in single or multiple strikes and are positioned by hand, tool, or machine. The driven fasteners are classified as type I: nails (NL); type II: cut nails (CN); type III: spikes (SP); and type IV: staples (ST). Materials shall be tested and the individual types shall conform to the material requirements and physical properties, such as ductility, tensile strength. Protective coating and finishes are also detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nails, spikes, staples, and other driven fasteners, as listed in Table 1.  
Note 1: Fastener ductility information is presented in Table 2 and dimensional information in Tables 3–63.  
1.2 Fasteners described in this specification are driven by hand tool, power tool, or mechanical device in single or multiple strikes and are positioned by hand, tool, or machine.  
1.3 This specification is applicable in either inch-pounds (F1667) or SI units [F1667M]. Values stated in SI are a mathematical conversion to two significant digits and are shown in brackets [ ].  
1.4 Fasteners in this specification are sold in bulk (loose) form and are collated for loading into the magazine of an application tool. Other than as covered in Section 9, Workmanship, cohering materials (including, but not limited to, plastic, adhesive bond, paper tape, plastic strip, plastic carrier, wire, etc.) and relative orientation of collated fasteners are not within the scope of this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This guide covers test procedures for performing accelerated tests to evaluate relative corrosion resistance of various coatings applied to mechanical fasteners. Corrosion mechanisms such as general and crevice corrosion may be evaluated with this method. Test duration may be selected to achieve any desired level of corrosion exposure and provides a frame of reference to determine relative coating resistance to corrosion. Fasteners tightened to a desired tension and subjected to this test procedure may be evaluated to simulate a variety of service conditions. Without large amounts of accumulated field results, it is difficult to relate test duration or the number of test cycles to actual service life for a given application.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers test procedures for performing accelerated tests to evaluate relative corrosion resistance of various coatings applied to mechanical fasteners. Corrosion mechanisms such as general and crevice corrosion may be evaluated with this method. Test duration may be selected to achieve any desired level of corrosion exposure and provides a frame of reference to determine relative coating resistance to corrosion. Fasteners tightened to a desired tension and subjected to this test procedure may be evaluated to simulate a variety of service conditions. Without large amounts of accumulated field results, it is difficult to relate test duration or the number of test cycles to actual service life for a given application.  
1.2 This standard is not intended to cover tests of driven fasteners such as nails, staples, screws and lag bolts.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
These test methods establishes the standard procedures for conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties of externally and internally threaded fasteners, washers and direct tension indicators, and rivets. For externally threaded fasteners, the mechanical tests describe the procedures for determining the following properties: product hardness; proof load by length measurement (Method 1), yield strength (Method 2), yield strength of austenitic stainless steel and nonferrous materials (Method 2A), and uniform hardness (Method 3); axial tension of full size products such as fasteners and studs; wedge tension of full size products such as fasteners and studs; tension of machined test specimens including yield point (by drop of the beam or halt of the pointer, autographic diagram, and total extension under load methods), yield strength (by offset, and extension under load methods), tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area; and total extension at fracture. As for internally threaded fasteners including nonheat- and heat-treated nuts, tests are provided for the determination of product hardness, proof load, and cone proof load. Test for determining the surface and core hardnesses are, conversely, described for direct tension indicators, and through-hardened, carburized, stainless steel, and nonferrous washers. And finally, product hardness testing is described for rivets. The test method for determining embrittlement of metallic coated externally threaded fasteners is detailed as well.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover establishment of procedures for conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties of externally and internally threaded fasteners, washers, direct tension indicators, and rivets.  
1.2 Property requirements and the applicable tests for their determination are specified in individual product standards. In those instances where the testing requirements are unique or at variance with these standard procedures, the product standard shall specify the controlling testing requirements. In the absence of any specified test requirement(s), these test methods shall apply.  
1.3 These test methods describe mechanical tests for determining the following properties:    
Section    
For Externally Threaded Fasteners:  
3  
Product Hardness  
3.1  
Proof Load  
3.2.1  
Method 1, Length Measurement  
3.2.3  
Method 2, Yield Strength  
3.2.4  
Method 3, Uniform Hardness  
3.2.5  
Axial Tension Testing of Full-Size Product  
3.4  
Wedge Tension Testing of Full-Size Product  
3.5  
Tension Testing of Machined Test Specimens  
3.6  
Total Extension at Fracture Test
Single Sheer Test  
3.7
3.8  
For Internally Threaded Fasteners:  
4  
Product Hardness  
4.1  
Proof Load Test  
4.2  
Cone Proof Load Test  
4.3  
For Washers and Direct Tension Indicators:  
5  
Product Hardness-General Requirements  
5.1  
Through Hardened Washers  
5.2  
Carburized Washers  
5.3  
Stainless Steel and Nonferrous Washers  
5.4  
Direct Tension Indicators  
5.5  
Compression Load  
5.6  
For Rivets:  
6  
Product Hardness  
6.1  
Test for Embrittlement of Metallic-Coated Externally Threaded Fasteners  
7  
Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization  
8  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 1: The values are stated in inch-pound for inch fasteners and SI metric units for metric fasteners.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish approp...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for three grades (Grades A, B, and C) of carbon steel bolts and studs in specified sizes. This specification does not cover the requirements for machine screws, thread cutting/forming screws, mechanical expansion anchors, or other similar externally threaded fasteners. When tested, sampled specimens shall adhere to specified values for chemical composition, hardness, tensile strength, yield point, elongation, and dimensions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers the chemical and mechanical requirements of two grades of carbon steel bolts and studs in sizes 1/4 in. through 4 in. The fasteners are designated by “Grade” denoting tensile strength and intended use, as follows:    
Grade  
Description  
Grade A  
Bolts, studs, and threaded rod having a minimum tensile strength of 60 ksi and intended for general applications,  
Grade B  
Bolts, studs, and threaded rodA having a tensile strength of 60 to 100 ksi and intended for flanged joints in piping systems with cast iron flanges, and  
Grade C  
Replaced by Specification F1554 Gr.36  
1.2 This specification does not cover requirements for machine screws, thread cutting/forming screws, mechanical expansion anchors or similar externally threaded fasteners.  
1.3 Suitable nuts are covered in Specification A563. Unless otherwise specified, the grade and style of nut for each grade of fastener, of all surface finishes, shall be as follows:    
Fastener Grade and Size  
Nut Grade and StyleA    
A 1/4 to 11/2 in.  
A, hex  
A over 11/2 to 4 in.  
A, heavy hex  
B, 1/4 to 4 in.  
A, heavy hex    
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Supplementary Requirement S1 of an optional nature is provided, which describes additional restrictions to be applied when bolts are to be welded. It shall apply only when specified in the inquiry, order, and contract.  
1.6 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements, and associated test methods for straight and bent, headed and headless anchor bolts (also known as anchor rods) made of carbon, carbon boron, alloy, or high-strength low-alloy steel and having specified yield strengths. The anchor bolts are furnished in three strength grades, two thread classes, and various sizes, and are intended for anchoring structural supports to concrete foundations such as building columns, column supports for highway signs, street lighting and traffic signals, steel bearing plates, and similar applications. This specification, however, does not cover the requirements for mechanical expansion anchors, powder-activated nails or studs, and anchor bolts fabricated from deformed bars. The bolts shall adhere to specified elemental chemical compositions as examined by heat and product analysis. They shall also be tested for their conformance with mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, and stress area. The anchor bolts shall also meet specified values for nominal size, body diameter, bend section, length, bend angle, and coated length.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers straight, bent, headed, and headless anchor bolts (also known as anchor rods) made of carbon, medium carbon boron, alloy, or high-strength low-alloy steel. It provides for anchor bolts in three strength grades, two thread classes, and in the diameters specified in Section 4. The specification also covers all-thread rod for use in anchoring to concrete. References to anchor bolts in this standard do not necessarily exclude all-thread rod.  
1.2 Anchor bolts are intended for anchoring structural supports to concrete foundations. Such structural supports include building columns, column supports for highway signs, street lighting and traffic signals, steel bearing plates, and similar applications.  
1.3 Supplementary requirements are included to provide for Grade 55 weldable steel, permanent manufacturers and grade identification, and impact properties for Grades 55 and 105.  
1.4 Zinc coating requirements are in Section 7.  
1.5 Suitable nuts and washers are listed in 6.7. Washers are detailed in 6.8.  
1.6 This specification does not cover mechanical expansion anchors, powder-activated nails or studs, or anchor bolts fabricated from deformed bar.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 When specified, the tests selected for application shall be performed to assure conformance with requirements stipulated in the product specification.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the testing of nails. The test or tests selected, and the requirements for compliance, will be as specified in the applicable product standard. Performance tests for nail withdrawal and lateral load capability are not included as they are covered by Test Methods D1761.  
1.2 The tests described are as follows:    
Section    
Dimensional tests  
5  
Tension test  
6  
Conventional bend test  
7  
Impact bend test  
8  
Rockwell hardness test  
9  
Coating weight test  
10  
Coating adherence test for zinc-coated nails  
11  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification2 covers quenched and tempered steel hex cap screws, bolts, and studs having a minimum tensile strength. The fasteners are intended for general engineering use. Type 1 fasteners shall be plain carbon steel, carbon boron steel, alloy steel, or alloy boron steels conforming to the requirements. Type 3 fasteners shall be weathering steel and shall conform to one of the chemical compositions specified. Tensile strength, proof load, hardness tests, and axial tension tests shall be performed to conform with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers quenched and tempered steel hex cap screws, bolts, and studs having a minimum tensile strength of 120 ksi for diameters 1.0 in. and smaller; 105 ksi for diameters over 1.0 in. to 11/2 in.; and 90 ksi for diameters 13/4 in. to 3.0 in. inclusive. The term "fasteners" in this specification denotes hex cap screws, bolts, and studs.  
1.2 The fasteners are intended for general engineering use.  
1.3 The fasteners are furnished in diameters 1/4 to 3.0 in. inclusive. They are designated by type denoting chemical composition as follows:  
Type  
Description    
Type I  
Plain carbon steel, carbon boron steel, alloy steel, or alloy boron steel    
Type 2  
Withdrawn 2003    
Type 3  
Weathering steel  
1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined in this specification.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements, and associated test methods for steel rivets for use in boilers and pressure vessels, and steel bars for use in the manufacture of such rivets. Two grades of steel are covered here, as follows: Grade A and Grade B. The steel used to make the rivets shall be manufactured by open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen process, and the corresponding rivets shall be manufactured from steel bars conforming to the applicable bar grade ordered. The steel shall undergo heat and product analysis for measurements of chemical contents for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur. Finished bars and rivets shall go through rivet bend, rivet flattening, bar tensile, and bar bend tests for measurements of mechanical properties such as ratio of bend diameter to diameter of the shank for rivets, and tensile strength, yield point, elongation, and ratio of bend diameter to diameter of specimen for bars.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers steel rivets for use in boilers and pressure vessels and steel bars for use in the manufacture of rivets.  
1.2 Two grades are covered:  
1.2.1 Grade A—Bars having a yield point of 23 000 psi (160 MPa) minimum with carbon 0.18 % maximum.  
1.2.2 Grade B—Bars having a yield point of 29 000 psi (200 MPa) minimum with carbon 0.28 % maximum.  
1.2.3 Rivets are manufactured from the applicable bar grade.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the basic requirements and corresponding test methods for forged, quenched, and tempered, alloy steel threaded eyebolts with improved toughness properties and that are chemically and metallurgically constituted to produce a low transition temperature to minimize brittle failure, intended primarily for low temperature applications. The eyebolts are furnished either as straight shank eyebolts (Type 1), or shoulder eyebolts (Type 2). Sampled specimens shall be tested, and conform accordingly to chemical (carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, molybdenum, and nickel), metallurgical (grain size, decarburization, and macrotech properties), and mechanical (Brinell hardness, tensile strength, breaking strength, proof load, impact strength, and bend strength) requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers forged, quenched and tempered, alloy steel threaded eyebolts with improved toughness properties and intended primarily for low temperature applications. The eyebolts are chemically and metallurgically constituted to produce a low transition temperature to minimize brittle failure. Maximum thread size is 2.500 in. (63.50 mm).  
1.2 The eyebolts are furnished in two types, as follows:  
1.2.1 Type 1—Straight Shank Eyebolt.  
1.2.2 Type 2—Shoulder Eyebolt.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers stainless steel socket head cap screws (SHCS) intended for use in applications requiring general corrosion resistance. Two groups of stainless steel alloys are covered, austenitic Grade A1 and martensitic Grade C1. Four property classes are covered: austenitic A1-50 in an annealed condition; austenitic A1-55 in a cold worked condition; austenitic A1-70 in a cold worked condition, and martensitic C1-110 in a heat treated condition. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to forging; threads; heat treatment; chemical composition; mechanical properties such as thread diameter, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, core hardness (Vickers and Rockwell); and corrosion resistance values. Workmanship, finish, and appearance are also detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for stainless steel inch socket head cap screw (SHCS) with nominal thread 0.060 through 1.500 in. and intended for use in applications requiring general corrosion resistance.  
1.2 Three groups of stainless steel alloys are covered, austenitic Group 1 and 2 and martensitic Group 5.  
1.3 Four property conditions are covered: austenitic Alloy Groups 1 and 2 in an annealed condition (AF) at 85 ksi maximum, in two cold worked conditions (CW) at 80 ksi minimum, (CW1) at 102 ksi minimum, and martensitic Alloy Group 5 in a heat treated condition (HT) at 160 ksi minimum.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 13, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers aluminum transmission tower bolts and nuts. Bolts shall be manufactured from alloy 2024 and nuts from alloy 6061 or 6262, and shall be cold formed, hot formed, or machined formed. Alloy materials for bolts and nuts shall conform to the chemical requirements of this specification. Bolts and nuts shall conform to the required tensile strength, dimensions, workmanship, finish, appearance, marking, packaging, and shipping. Test methods shall include chemical analysis, wedge tension test, shear test, and proof-stress test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers aluminum structural bolts and nuts for use in the construction of aluminum transmission towers, substations, and similar aluminum structures.  
1.2 Diameters of bolts and nuts furnished to this specification are 5/8 , 3/4 , and 7/8 in.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method describes the testing procedure that shall be used to qualify a coating system that is under consideration for use on ASTM F3125 Grade A490 high strength structural bolts made of any steel composition permitted by the F3125 specification for Grade A490 bolts. The test method measures the susceptibility of coated specimen bolts to the influence of an externally applied potential (see 7.2.3.3) by testing for the threshold of embrittlement in a salt solution environment.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method defines the procedures and tests to evaluate the effect of a coating system on the susceptibility to environmental hydrogen embrittlement (EHE) of an ASTM F3125 Grade A490 high strength structural bolt.  
1.2 This test method shall qualify a coating system for use with any size of F3125 Grade A490 bolts (that is, 1/2 to 1-1/2 in.) high strength structural bolts, relative to EHE.  
1.3 The characteristic to be evaluated by this test method is the susceptibility to EHE caused by hydrogen generated from corrosion protection of the steel bolt by sacrificial galvanic corrosion of the coating. Testing shall be performed on coated, specimen ASTM F3125 Grade A490 bolts manufactured to the maximum susceptible tensile strength values (see Table 1) of the bolt (see Section 5 Specimen Bolt Requirements). The internal hydrogen embrittlement (IHE) susceptibility will also be inherently evaluated when the EHE is tested through this test method. There is no need for a separate IHE susceptibility test.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs, including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems. Types of surface discontinuities are: crack; burst; seam; fold; thread lap; void; tool marks; and gouge and nick. These surface discontinuities shall be inspected in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, studs, and rivets including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems (the washers of screw-washer assemblies are excluded). This specification covers metric series products with nominal diameters of 4 mm and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 420 MPa and higher; and inch series products with nominal diameters of No. 5 (0.1250 in.) and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 60 000 psi and higher.  
1.2 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, studs, or rivets, the purchaser shall specify conformance to ASTM Specification F788/F788M, in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.2.1 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, studs, and rivets be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.  
1.3 The allowable limits established in this specification for metric bolts, screws, and studs with nominal diameters from 4 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO 6157/I. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on any inch-series products, or for rivets.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for roof and rock bolts and accessories. Addressed in this specification are double-end threaded and slotted steel bars; fully grouted bolts and threaded bars; mechanical anchorage devices used for point anchorage applications; roof truss systems; partially grouted deformed bolts; formable anchorage devices; and other frictional anchorage devices. All of these products represent various designs used for ground support systems. Threads on bolts or threaded bars may be cold rolled or machine cut on the hot-rolled bars. Bearing and header plates may be strengthened by cold forming or may be hardened by quenching in a liquid medium from above the austenitizing temperature and tempering. Hardened steel washers shall be through hardened by quenching in a liquid medium from above the austenitizing temperature and tempering. Test shall be performed in accordance with the following test methods: tensile strength; elongation; test for bearing and header plates; test for notched bendable bolts; and tests of roof truss components.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for roof and rock bolts and accessories. Addressed in this specification are double-end threaded bars; fully grouted bolts and threaded bars; mechanical anchorage devices used for point anchorage applications; roof truss systems; partially grouted deformed bolts; bearing plates; cable bolt systems; expandable rock bolts and other frictional anchorage devices. All of these products represent various designs used for ground support systems. This specification can be revised to address new technologies.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This hazard statement applies only to Section 10, Test Methods of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use with fasteners having nominal thread diameters of M12 through M100. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. The types of washers covered here are: Type 1—washers made of carbon steel; and Type 3—washers made of weathering steel. Moreover, the styles of washers covered here are: circular washers, which are suitable for applications where sufficient space exists and angularity permits; beveled washers, which are square and rectangular with a beveled 1:6 surface for use with American Standard beams and channels; and clipped washers, which are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be clipped. Steels to be used to manufacture the washers shall be produced by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. Each type and style of washer shall be suitably sampled, and should conform to specified values of chemical composition, Rockwell hardness, inside and outside diameter, thickness, and clipped width.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use with fasteners having nominal thread diameters of 1/4 through 4 in. and M12 through M100. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. These washers are suitable for use with fasteners covered in Specifications A354, A449, A563, A563M, F959/F959M, and F3125.  
1.2 The washers are designated by type denoting the material, by style denoting the shape, and by inch or metric dimensions.  
1.2.1 The types of washers covered are:
1.2.1.1 Type 1—Carbon steel.
1.2.1.2 Type 3—Weathering steel.
1.2.1.3 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 to chemical composition or a Corrosion Index (CRI) of 6 or higher at the suppliers option.  
1.2.2 The styles of washers covered are:
1.2.2.1 Circular—Circular washers in nominal sizes 1/4 through 4 in. and M12 through M100 suitable for applications where sufficient space exists and angularity permits.
1.2.2.2 Beveled—Beveled washers are square or rectangular, in nominal sizes 1/2 through 11/2 in., M12 through M16, with a beveled 1 to 6 ratio surface for use with American standard beams and channels.
1.2.2.3 Clipped—Clipped washers are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be clipped.
1.2.2.4 Extra Thick—Extra thick washers are circular washers in nominal sizes 1/2 through 4 in., with a nominal thickness of 5/16 in. suitable for structural applications with oversized holes.  
1.3 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units for inch fasteners and SI units for metric fasteners and are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers round and miscellaneous shape steel plain (flat) washers furnished in an unhardened condition. The washers are intended for general use bolt, nut, and stud applications to provide increased bearing surface, spacing, and to prevent galling. The washers shall be punched from hot-rolled, hot-rolled and pickled, or cold-rolled steel; or shall be machined from bar stock or tubing; or shall be forged. The washers shall also be tumbled, vibrated, or otherwise processed to minimize burrs. These washers may be zinc-coated, hot-dip-coated, cadmium-plated, or zinc-plated by using hot dipping, mechanical deposition, and electroplating processes. Chemical analysis may be conducted in order to determine the composition of washers and a hardness test may also be performed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers round and miscellaneous shape steel plain (flat) washers furnished in an unhardened condition.  
1.2 These washers are intended for general use bolt, nut, and stud applications to provide increased bearing surface, spacing, and to prevent galling.  
1.3 Unless otherwise specified, washers are furnished with dimensions conforming to B18.21.1, Type A, Table 11.  
1.4 Hardened washers for use with heat-treated structural bolts are covered by Specifications F436/F436M.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the basic requirements for non-electrolytically applied zinc-flake composite corrosion protective coating systems for fasteners. The requirements apply to appearance, adhesion, corrosion resistance, blisters, thread fit, hydrogen embrittlement, and total coefficient of friction. The coating systems covered by this specification do not contain hexavalent chromium, lead, cadmium, or mercury. This specification is intended for corrosion protection of inch and metric series threaded fasteners as well as for non-threaded fasteners such as washers and pins. This specification also covers test methods, application, inspection, and certification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the basic requirements for non-electrolytically applied zinc-flake composite corrosion protective coating systems for fasteners (See Note 1).
Note 1: The coating systems do not contain hexavalent chromium, lead, cadmium, or mercury.  
1.2 This specification is intended for corrosion protection of inch and metric series threaded fasteners with minimum nominal diameters of 0.250 in. for inch series and [6.00 mm] for metric as well as for non-threaded fasteners such as washers and pins.  
1.3 This coating system may be specified to consist of a zinc-flake basecoat, or a zinc-flake basecoat and topcoat (See Note 2).
Note 2: For threaded fasteners, the coating system will typically consist of a zinc-flake basecoat and topcoat.  
1.3.1 The basecoat is a zinc-rich material containing aluminum flakes dispersed in a compatible liquid medium. The zinc-flake basecoat may be specified to contain integral lubricant.  
1.3.2 Topcoats may be organic or inorganic in composition depending upon the specified requirements.
1.3.2.1 Organic topcoats consist of polymer resins, aluminum, dispersed pigments, and are colored in their applied state.
1.3.2.2 Inorganic topcoats consist of water-dispersed silicate compounds and are transparent in their applied state.
1.3.2.3 Topcoats contain integral lubricants and are applied in conjunction with zinc-flake basecoats to form a coating system with enhanced performance attributes such as increased corrosion resistance, total coefficient of friction properties, chemical resistance, and color.  
1.4 These zinc-flake basecoats and topcoats are applied by conventional dip-spin, dip-drain, or spray methods to fasteners which can be handled through a cleaning, coating, and curing operation. The maximum curing temperature is 482 °F [250 °C].  
1.5 The friction properties of the coating system may be determined by a standard test to verify process control or by a part specific test which requires the purchaser to establish and communicate technical criteria.  
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method establishes a means to verify the prevention, to the extent possible, of IHE in steel fasteners during manufacture by maintaining strict controls during production operations such as surface preparation, pretreatments, and plating or coating. It is intended to be used as a qualification test for new or revised plating or coating processes and as a periodic inspection audit for the control of a plating or coating process.  
5.2 Passing this test allows fasteners to be stressed in tension to the minimum specified tensile load in air with almost no possibility of time delayed fracture in air as a result of IHE from processing. If the amount of residual hydrogen is not sufficient to induce cracking or fracture in the specimen under worst case conditions, then it can be concluded that all of the lots of fasteners processed during that period will not have sufficient residual hydrogen from processing to induce hydrogen embrittlement of the fasteners under stress in air if the process remains in control, unchanged and stable.  
5.3 If certified specimens with demonstrated sensitivity to IHE, processed with the fasteners, have a threshold ≥75 % of the incremental step load notched bend fracture stress, NFS(B)F1624, it is assumed that all fasteners processed the same way during the period will also pass any sustained load IHE test.
FIG. 1 Dimensional Requirements for a 0.4W-Notched Square Bar Bend Specimen
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to prevent, to the extent possible, internal hydrogen embrittlement (IHE) of fasteners by monitoring the plating or coating process, such as those described in Specifications F1137 and F1941. The process is quantitatively monitored on a periodic basis with a minimum number of specimens as compared to qualifying each lot of fasteners being plated or coated. Trend analysis is used to ensure quality as compared to statistical sampling analysis of each lot of fasteners. This test method consists of a mechanical test for the evaluation and control of the potential for IHE that may arise from various sources of hydrogen in a plating or coating process.  
1.2 This test method consists of a mechanical test, conducted on a standard specimen used as a witness, for the evaluation and control of the potential for IHE that may arise from various sources of hydrogen in a plating or coating process.  
1.3 This test method is limited to evaluating hydrogen induced embrittlement due only to processing (IHE) and not due to environmental exposure (EHE, see Test Method F1624).  
1.4 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of steels to either IHE or EHE.  
1.5 This test method is limited to evaluating processes used for plating or coating ferrous fasteners.  
1.6 This test method uses a notched square bar specimen that conforms to Test Method F519, Type 1e, except that the radius is increased to accommodate the deposition of a larger range of platings and coatings. For the background on Test Method F519 testing, see publications ASTM STP 5432 and ASTM STP 962.3 The stress concentration factor is at a Kt = 3.1 ± 0.2. The sensitivity is demonstrated with a constant imposed cathodic potential to control the amount of hydrogen. Both the sensitivity and the baseline for residual hydrogen will be established with tests on bare metal specimens in air.  
1.7 The sensitivity of each lot of specimens to IHE shall be demonstrated. A specimen made of AISI E4340 steel heat treated to a hardness range of 50 to 52 HRC is used to produce a “worst case” condition and maximize sensitivity to IHE.  
1.8 The test is an accelerated (≤24 h) test method to measure the threshold for hydrogen stress cracking, and is used to quantify the amount of residual hydrogen in the specimen. The specimen undergoes sustained load and slow strain rate testing by using incremental loads and hold times under displacement control to measure a threshol...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the basic physical requirements and test methods for phosphate/oil and phosphate/organic corrosion protective coatings for fasteners such as nuts, clips, washers, and other ferrous threaded and non-threaded fasteners that require corrosion protection. The zinc phosphate treatment and subsequent protective coatings are classified into seven grades according to the following requirements: Grade 0A consists of a zinc phosphate coating with no additional sealer (dry); Grade 0B consists of a zinc phosphate coating with a dry organic sealer; Grades 0C, 0D, and I consist of a zinc phosphate coating with supplemental protective oil type compound; and Grades II and III consist of a zinc phosphate with a supplemental zinc-rich epoxy resin coating (with the addition of a clear organic topcoat for Grade II). These coatings may or may not have a decorative finish. The coatings shall meet the requirements specified for appearance, adhesion, corrosion resistance, coating flexibility, thread fit, and dry-to-touch characteristics. In addition, they shall also undergo humidity and coating thickness tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the basic requirements for six grades of corrosion protection for fasteners. Grade A consists of a heavy zinc phosphate coating with no additional sealer (dry), Grade B consists of a heavy zinc phosphate coating with a dry organic sealer, Grade C consists of a heavy zinc phosphate coating with supplemental dry-to-touch oil type compound, Grade D consists of a heavy zinc phosphate coating with supplemental protective oil type compound, Grade E consists of a grain-refined microcrystalline zinc phosphate with supplemental oil type compound, and Grade F consists of a manganese phosphate coating with supplemental oil type compound.  
1.2 This specification is intended primarily for fasteners such as nuts, clips, washers, and other ferrous threaded and non-threaded fasteners that require corrosion protection and lubrication.  
1.3 These coatings may or may not have a decorative finish.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the basic requirements and associated test methods for water-based corrosion protective zinc/aluminum dispersion inorganic basecoats, and optional sealers and topcoats for fasteners. The basecoat can contain chrome (C) or be non-chrome (NC). These coatings are applied to ferrous parts by conventional dip-spin, dip-drain, or spray methods, which can be handled through a cleaning, coating, and baking operation, and which are not adversely affected by baking temperatures up to 330 °C. The coatings are classified into six grades (Grades 1 to 6) according to the required minimum basecoat thickness, and when tested, shall conform accordingly to appearance, adhesion, corrosion resistance, blister, thread fit, and hydrogen embrittlement requirements. The coating process does not induce the possibility of internal hydrogen embrittlement provided that the fasteners have not been cleaned or pre-treated with an acid or phosphate. Alkaline cleaning or vapor degreasing is required along with shot blasting to remove rust or scale. In this specification, units are presented in the metric scale.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the basic requirements for water-based zinc/aluminum dispersion inorganic basecoats and optional sealers and topcoats for fasteners. The basecoat can contain chrome (C) or be non-chrome (NC).  
1.2 These coatings are applied by conventional dip-spin, dip-drain, or spray methods to ferrous parts which can be handled through a cleaning, coating, and baking operation, and which are not adversely affected by baking temperatures up to 330 °C [626 °F].  
1.3 The coating process does not induce the possibility of internal hydrogen embrittlement providing that the fasteners have not been cleaned or pre-treated with an acid or phosphate. Alkaline cleaning or vapor degreasing is required along with shot blasting to remove rust or scale.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers chemical and mechanical requirements for nine property classes of carbon and alloy steel metric rivets in nominal diameters M01 through M36 suited for use in general engineering applications.  
1.2 This specification does not cover dimensional requirements for rivets of any property class. When referencing this specification for procurement purposes, it is mandatory that size, type, style, and any special dimensions of the product be additionally specified.  
1.2.1 In case of any conflict in requirements, the requirements of the individual product specification shall take precedence over those of this general specification.  
1.2.2 The purchaser may specify additional requirements which do not negate any of the provisions of this general specification or of the individual product specification. Such additional requirements, the acceptance of which are subject to negotiation with the supplier, must be included in the order information (see Section 3).  
1.3 When agreed on by the purchaser, Class 5.8 fasteners may be supplied when either Classes 4.6 or 4.8 are ordered; Class 4.8 may be supplied when Class 4.6 is ordered;  
1.4 The product size range for which each property class is applicable is given in Table 1 on chemical composition requirements, and the mechanical requirements table (see Table 2).  
1.5 Appendix X1 explains the significance of the property class designation numerals.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for commercial wrought nonferrous nuts in nominal thread diameters M6 to M36 inclusive in a number of alloys in common use and intended for general service applications. Materials shall be tested and shall conform to the chemical composition, hardness, proof stress, proof load, and tensile stress requirements.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
11.1 For purposes of determining compliance with the specified limits for requirements of the properties listed in this specification, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded in accordance with Practice E29.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for commercial wrought nonferrous nuts 0.250 to 1.500 in. inclusive in diameter in a number of alloys in common use and intended for general service applications.  
1.2 Applicable bolts, cap screws, and studs for use with nuts covered by this specification are covered by Specification F468.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification F467M; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the specification.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for commercial wrought nonferrous nuts in nominal thread diameters M6 to M36 inclusive in a number of alloys in common use and intended for general service applications. Materials shall be tested and shall conform to the chemical composition, hardness, proof stress, proof load, and tensile stress requirements.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
11.1 For purposes of determining compliance with the specified limits for requirements of the properties listed in this specification, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded in accordance with Practice E29.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for commercial wrought nonferrous nuts in nominal thread diameters M6 to M36 inclusive in a number of alloys in common use and intended for general service applications.  
1.2 Applicable bolts, cap screws, and studs for use with nuts covered by this specification are covered by Specification F468M.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: This specification is the metric companion of Specification F467.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for nonferrous socket set screws sizes 0.125 (#5) through 2.000 in., square head set screws sizes 0.190 (#10) through 1.500 in., and slotted headless set screws 0.125 (#5) through 0.750 in. in diameter manufactured from a number of nonferrous alloys in use in the marine industry and the U.S. Navy subject to seawater wetting and salt atmosphere but that also may be used in other applications. It is recommended that copper-based alloys not be used in attempting to prevent mechanical components from rotating, such as locking shafts, because of the low hardness of the alloys. Some alloys or sizes or both of set screws may not be readily available. Manufacturers or suppliers should be contacted before design development or anticipated procurement.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: A complete metric companion to Specification F3042 will be developed—F3042M; therefore, no metric equivalents are shown in this specification.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for commercial wrought nonferrous bolts, hex cap screws, and studs manufactured from a number of alloys in common use and intended for general service applications. The bolts, cap screws, and studs shall be manufactured from material having a chemical composition conforming to the requirements specified. The fasteners shall be cold formed, hot formed, or machined from suitable material. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following mechanical properties of fasteners: hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
13.1 For purposes of determining compliance with the specified limits for requirements of the properties listed in this specification, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded in accordance with Practice E29.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for commercial wrought nonferrous bolts, hex cap screws, and studs in nominal thread diameters M6 to M36 inclusive manufactured from a number of alloys in common use and intended for general service applications.  
1.2 Unless otherwise specified, nuts used on these bolts, cap screws, and studs shall conform to the requirements of Specification F467M. Nuts shall be of the same alloy group as the fastener on which they are used and shall have a specified minimum proof stress equal to or greater than the specified minimum tensile strength stress of the fastener on which they are used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: This specification is the metric companion of Specification F468.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.