ASTM D1693-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress-Cracking of Ethylene Plastics
Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress-Cracking of Ethylene Plastics
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the susceptibility of ethylene plastics, as defined in Terminology D 883, to environmental stress-cracking when subjected to the conditions herein specified. Under certain conditions of stress and in the presence of environments such as soaps, wetting agents, oils, or detergents, ethylene plastics may exhibit mechanical failure by cracking.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
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Designation:D 1693–07
Standard Test Method for
1
Environmental Stress-Cracking of Ethylene Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1693; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
3
Apparatus Drawings and Blueprints
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the sus-
ceptibility of ethylene plastics, as defined in Terminology
3. Terminology
D 883, to environmental stress-cracking when subjected to the
3.1 Definitions:
conditions herein specified. Under certain conditions of stress
3.1.1 stress-crack, n—an external or internal rupture in a
and in the presence of environments such as soaps, wetting
plastic caused by tensile stresses less than its short-time
agents, oils, or detergents, ethylene plastics may exhibit
mechanical strength.
mechanical failure by cracking.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The development of such cracks is
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
frequently accelerated by the environment to which the plastic
standard.
is exposed. The stresses which cause cracking may be present
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
internally or externally, or may be a combination of these
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
stresses. The appearance of a network of fine cracks is called
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
crazing.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.2 stress-crack failure, n—for purposes of this test
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
method, any crack visible to an observer with normal eyesight
4
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
shall be interpreted as a failure of the entire specimen (1).
Extension of the controlled imperfection shall not be construed
2. Referenced Documents
as a failure. The appearance of more than one crack in a single
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specimen shall be construed as a single failure.
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Cracks generally develop at the con-
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
trolled imperfection and run to the outer edge of the specimen
D 1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of
approximately at right angles to it (2). The cracks need not
Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated
extend completely through the specimen to constitute failure.
Temperature
Cracks sometimes develop under the polymer surface, mani-
D 1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion
festing themselves as depressions on the surface. The time
Materials for Wire and Cable
when this occurs should be noted, and if the depression later
D 3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and
develops into a crack, the time of dimpling should be consid-
Fittings Materials
ered as the failure time.
D 4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic
Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets 4. Summary of Test Method
D 4976 SpecificationforPolyethylenePlasticsMoldingand
4.1 Bent specimens of the plastic, each having a controlled
Extrusion Materials
imperfection on one surface, are exposed to the action of a
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
surface-active agent. The proportion of the total number of
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
specimens that crack in a given time is observed.
5. Significance and Use
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
5.1 This test method may be used for routine inspection
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materi-
als. purposes by subjecting a required number of specimens to the
Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published March 2007. Originally
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 1693 - 05.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Detail drawings of the apparatus are available from ASTM Headquarters.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Request ADJD169301, ADJD169302, ADJD169303, and ADJD169304.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this test method.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 1693–07
Standard Test Method for
1
Environmental Stress-Cracking of Ethylene Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1693; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the susceptibility of ethylene plastics, as defined in Terminology D 883, to
environmental stress-cracking when subjected to the conditions herein specified. Under certain conditions of stress and in the
presence of environments such as soaps, wetting agents, oils, or detergents, ethylene plastics may exhibit mechanical failure by
cracking.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D 1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature
D 1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion Materials for Wire and Cable
D 3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings Materials
D 4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
D 4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
3
Apparatus Drawings and Blueprints
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 stress-crack, n—an external or internal rupture in a plastic caused by tensile stresses less than its short-time mechanical
strength.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The development of such cracks is frequently accelerated by the environment to which the plastic is
exposed.The stresses which cause cracking may be present internally or externally, or may be a combination of these stresses.The
appearance of a network of fine cracks is called crazing.
3.1.2 stress-crack failure, n—for purposes of this test method, any crack visible to an observer with normal eyesight shall be
4
interpreted as a failure of the entire specimen (1). Extension of the controlled imperfection shall not be construed as a failure.The
appearance of more than one crack in a single specimen shall be construed as a single failure.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Cracks generally develop at the controlled imperfection and run to the outer edge of the specimen
approximately at right angles to it (2). The cracks need not extend completely through the specimen to constitute failure. Cracks
sometimes develop under the polymer surface, manifesting themselves as depressions on the surface. The time when this occurs
should be noted, and if the depression later develops into a crack, the time of dimpling should be considered as the failure time.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials .
Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published March 2007. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 1693 - 05.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Detail drawings of the apparatus are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request ADJD169301, ADJD169302, ADJD169303, and ADJD169304.
4
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this test method.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D 1693–07
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Bent specimens of the plastic, each having a contr
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