ASTM D5050-08(2015)

Standard Guide for Commercial Use of Lime Kiln Dusts and Portland Cement Kiln Dusts

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides a list of applications and appropriate test procedures to establish selected uses for the lime kiln dusts and Portland cement kiln dusts.  
4.2 The lime kiln dusts and Portland cement kiln dusts covered by this guide may vary in composition from one source to another. It is therefore advised that the use of such products be undertaken only after their specific compositions, physical properties, performance characteristics, and the anticipated variabilities have been evaluated for the service intended. Until the degree of variability in the dust source or sources has been established, frequent performance testing is recommended.  
4.3 Specifications should be prepared to facilitate uses, environmental protection, and engineering designs by the responsible persons.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to evaluate and describe lime kiln dusts and Portland cement kiln dusts for uses in commercial applications. This guide is not intended to cover uses for lime or Portland cement.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2015
• ICS: 91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5050 − 08 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Guide for
Commercial Use of Lime Kiln Dusts and Portland Cement
Kiln Dusts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5050; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C400 Test Methods for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for
Neutralization of Waste Acid
1.1 This guide is intended to evaluate and describe lime kiln
C593 Specification for Fly Ash and Other Pozzolans for Use
dusts and Portland cement kiln dusts for uses in commercial
With Lime for Soil Stabilization
applications. This guide is not intended to cover uses for lime
C602 Specification for Agricultural Liming Materials
or Portland cement.
C911 Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Limestone for Selected Chemical and Industrial Uses
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C1529 Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Limestone for Environmental Uses
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D558 Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
D1632 Practice for Making and Curing Soil-Cement Com-
2. Referenced Documents
pression and Flexure Test Specimens in the Laboratory
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1633 Test Methods for Compressive Strength of Molded
C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,
Soil-Cement Cylinders
Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
D3155 Test Method for Lime Content of Uncured Soil-Lime
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
Mixtures
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
D3551 Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Soil-Lime
Specimens)
Mixtures Using Mechanical Mixer
C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,
D6249 Guide for Alkaline Stabilization of Wastewater Treat-
Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
ment Plant Residuals
C151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic
D3668 Test Method for Bearing Ratio for Laboratory Com-
Cement
pacted Soil-Lime Mixtures (Withdrawn 1997)
C184 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
150-µm (No. 100) and 75-µm (No. 200) Sieves (With-
Plasticity Index of Soils
drawn 2002)
2.2 Code of Federal Regulations
C187 Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Nor-
40 CFR Part 268 Appendix 1 Toxicity Characteristics Leach-
mal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste
ing Procedure
C266 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic-Cement
40 CFR Part 268.43(a) Treatment Standards Expressed as
Paste by Gillmore Needles
Waste Concentrations (reserved)
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste 3.1.1 lime kiln dust:
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
3.1.1.1 Lime kiln dust is the finely-divided particulate
Recovery and Reuse.
matter carried from a lime kiln by the exhaust gases.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015. Published September 2015. Originally
3.1.1.2 The composition of the dust is dependent upon the
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5050 – 08. DOI:
10.1520/D5050-08R15.
stone being processed, the processing equipment in use, and
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the fuel being used. Concentrations of combustion by-products,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Code of Federal Regulations available from the Superintendent of Documents,
www.astm.org. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5050 − 08 (2015)
including sulfur compounds usually exceed that of the primary 5.1.3 Fixation Purposes—For neutralization and fixation
quicklime product. Chemical and physical properties are also alone and in conjunction with other materials, both hazardous
dependent upon these same factors and should be evaluated for and nonhazardous.
the use intended.
5.1.4 Solidification Purposes—For dewatering waste mate-
3.1.2 portland cement kiln dust: rials to provide structural and handling properties, for eco-
3.1.2.1 Cement kiln dust is the finely-divided particulate
nomic and environmental use, and disposal.
matter carried from a cement kiln by the exhaust gases.
5.1.5 pH Control Purposes—For use with domestic waste-
3.1.2.2 The dust is composed of variable mixtures of cal-
water sludges to significantly reduce pathogens and to enable
cined and uncalcined feed materials, fine cement-clinker
domestic wastewater sludges to be safely and economically
formed during the high temperature processing, fuel combus-
applied to the land (see Specification C1529 and Guide
tion by-products, and condensed alkali compounds. Alkalis
D6249).
may be concentrated in the dust through volatilization in the
5.1.6 Flocculation Purposes—For use to separate solids
high temperature zones within the kiln then condensed in the
from liquids and in multi-purpose processes to treat, dispose,
exhaust gases as they pass through the dust collection system.
and utilize industrial, municipal, and utility wastes.
The relative quantity of the aforementioned components of
5.1.7 Agricultural Purposes—A soil conditioner and nutri-
Portland cement kiln dust may change from one source to
ent source to meet the needs of the agricultural industry (see
another because of raw material, fuel, and process variations.
Specification C602).
Some cement kiln dusts may contain large quantities of
calcined feed materials, alkalies and sulfur compounds, or
6. Determination of Materials Characteristics
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5050 − 08 D5050 − 08 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Guide for
Commercial Use of Lime Kiln Dusts and Portland Cement
Kiln Dusts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5050; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide is intended to evaluate and describe lime kiln dusts and Portland cement kiln dusts for uses in commercial
applications. This guide is not intended to cover uses for lime or Portland cement.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
C151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement
C184 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 150-μm (No. 100) and 75-μm (No. 200) Sieves (Withdrawn 2002)
C187 Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste
C266 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic-Cement Paste by Gillmore Needles
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C400 Test Methods for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Neutralization of Waste Acid
C593 Specification for Fly Ash and Other Pozzolans for Use With Lime for Soil Stabilization
C602 Specification for Agricultural Liming Materials
C911 Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone for Selected Chemical and Industrial Uses
C1529 Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone for Environmental Uses
D558 Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight) Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
D1632 Practice for Making and Curing Soil-Cement Compression and Flexure Test Specimens in the Laboratory
D1633 Test Methods for Compressive Strength of Molded Soil-Cement Cylinders
D3155 Test Method for Lime Content of Uncured Soil-Lime Mixtures
D3551 Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Soil-Lime Mixtures Using Mechanical Mixer
D6249 Guide for Alkaline Stabilization of Wastewater Treatment Plant Residuals
D3668 Test Method for Bearing Ratio for Laboratory Compacted Soil-Lime Mixtures (Withdrawn 1997)
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
2.2 Code of Federal Regulations
40 CFR Part 268 Appendix 1 Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure
40 CFR Part 268.43(a) Treatment Standards Expressed as Waste Concentrations (reserved)
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment, Recovery
and Reuse.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2008Sept. 1, 2015. Published December 2008September 2015. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20072008
as D5050 – 96D5050 – 08.(2007). DOI: 10.1520/D5050-08.10.1520/D5050-08R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Code of Federal Regulations available from the Superintendent of Documents, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5050 − 08 (2015)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 lime kiln dust:
3.1.1.1 Lime kiln dust is the finely-divided particulate matter carried from a lime kiln by the exhaust gases.
3.1.1.2 The composition of the dust is dependent upon the stone being processed, the processing equipment in use, and the fuel
being used. Concentrations of combustion by-products, including sulfur compounds usually exceed that of the primary quicklime
product. Chemical and physical properties are also dependent upon these same factors and should be evaluated for the use intended.
3.1.2 portland cement kiln dust:
3.1.2.1 Cement kiln dust is the finely-divided particulate matter carried from a cement kiln by the exhaust gases.
3.1.2.2 The dust is composed of variable mixtures of calcined and uncalcined feed materials, fine cement-clinker formed during
the high temperature processing, fuel combustion by-products, and condensed alkali compounds. Alkalis may be concentrated in
the dust through volatilization in the high temperature zones within the kiln then condensed in the exhaust gases as they pass
through the dust collection system. The relative quantity of the aforementioned components of Portland cement kiln dust may
change from one source to another because of raw material, fuel, and process variations. Some cement kiln dusts may contain large
quantities of calcined feed materials, alkalies and sulfur compounds, or both, while others may be primarily composed of
uncalcined raw feed. Many Portland cement kiln dusts are easily compacted and reactive with small quantities of water to form
a low strength cementitious mass; some may show only mild reactivity and be non-consolidating.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This guide provides a list of applications and appropriate test procedures to establish selected uses for the lime kiln dusts
and Portland cement kiln dusts.
4.2 The lime kiln dusts and Portland cement kiln dusts covered by this guide may vary in composition from one source to
another. It is therefore advised that the use of such products be undertaken only after their specific compositions, physical
properties, performance characteristics, and the anticipated variabilities have been evaluated for the service intended. Until the
degree of variability in the dust source or sources has been established, frequent performance testing is recommended.
4.3 Specifications should be prepared to facilitate uses, environmental protection, and engineering designs by the responsible
persons.
5. Categories for Kiln Dust Uses
5.1 The following applications present a sampling of applications to be considered. Other uses may be considered where similar
chemical or physical properties are required.
5.1.1 Structural Purposes—Such as additions in the manufacture of glass, brick, block, and other building materials.
5.1.2 Stabilization Purposes—With soils to modify the plastic limit or moisture content and in conjunction with or without fly
ash (see Specification C593) t
...