ASTM D3111-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flexibility Determination of Hot-Melt Adhesives by Mandrel Bend Test Method
Standard Test Method for Flexibility Determination of Hot-Melt Adhesives by Mandrel Bend Test Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The “Mandrel Bend” test is simple and fast. It requires little investment in equipment and little operator training. The prime purpose is to determine whether a hot-melt adhesive meets flexibility requirements. This test is also useful for comparing flexibility of several adhesives. It can be used to design adhesives by comparing the flexibility of various formulations to meet specific end use parameters. The adhesive flexibility can be determined at temperatures other than ambient by conditioning the test apparatus and test specimens at the desired temperature and performing the test under these temperature conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexibility of a hot-melt adhesive in sheet form under specific test conditions. This is a working test. Its results are useful for comparing adhesives, not for absolute characterization of adhesives.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D3111 − 10
Standard Test Method for
Flexibility Determination of Hot-Melt Adhesives by Mandrel
1
Bend Test Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3111; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope specimen for each test, the test is repeated with smaller
diameter mandrels until the adhesive fails on bending. The
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flex-
flexibilityoftheadhesiveisthesmallestdiametermandrelover
ibility of a hot-melt adhesive in sheet form under specific test
which four out of five test specimens do not break.
conditions. This is a working test. Its results are useful for
comparing adhesives, not for absolute characterization of
5. Significance and Use
adhesives.
5.1 The “Mandrel Bend” test is simple and fast. It requires
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
little investment in equipment and little operator training. The
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
prime purpose is to determine whether a hot-melt adhesive
only.
meets flexibility requirements. This test is also useful for
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
comparing flexibility of several adhesives. It can be used to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
design adhesives by comparing the flexibility of various
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
formulations to meet specific end use parameters.The adhesive
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
flexibility can be determined at temperatures other than ambi-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ent by conditioning the test apparatus and test specimens at the
2. Referenced Documents desired temperature and performing the test under these
2
temperature conditions.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
6. Apparatus
E171 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier
Packaging
6.1 The test apparatus consists of a series of different
diameter cylindrical rods or mandrels supported at each end.
3. Terminology
Thereshallbeenoughspacetopermitplacementoftheflatside
3.1 Definitions—Many of the terms found in this test
of a test specimen tangentially at right angles to the longitu-
method are defined in Terminology D907.
dinal axis of the test mandrel. Individual requirements deter-
mine the diameter and lengths of the rods needed. For most
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1 1 1
tests, 3.2 mm (; ⁄8 in.), 6.4 mm (; ⁄4 in.), and 12.8 mm (; ⁄2
3.2.1 flexibility, n—that property of a material by virtue of
in.) diameter by 75 to 150-mm (;3 to 6-in.) long rods made of
which it may be flexed or bowed repeatedly without undergo-
brass or stainless steel are satisfactory. Fig. 1 describes two
ing rupture.
simple test frames, one with fixed mandrels and the other
4. Summary of Test Method
designed to take any diameter mandrel.
4.1 Test strips of a hot-melt adhesive properly sized and
7. Test Specimen
conditioned, are bent 180° over a mandrel (rod). Using a fresh
7.1 The test specimen dimensions can be varied depending
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
on the end use requirements of the hot-melt adhesive. Fig. 2
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape and
describes a recommended specimen size. It is 10 mm (;0.4
Labels.
in.) wide, 75 mm (;3 in.) long and 1.25 6 0.01 mm (;0.05
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originally
ε1
in.) thick. The thickness dimension is critical and must be
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3111 – 99 (2004) .
DOI: 10.1520/D3111-10.
accurately measured. The test specimens shall be cut from
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
molded or extruded sheets or film. Plying of several thinner
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
samples shall not be permitted. No flaws visible anywhere in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. the sample to the naked eye shall be permitted.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D3111−10
NOTE 1—(Recess to fit test frame) Figures in parentheses are approximate.
FIG. 1 Test Mandrel (Various Diameters) for Test Frame
FIG. 2 Test Specimen
8. Conditioning temperatures,aminimumof4hconditioningcanbeused.Note
this change when recording data
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D3111–99(Reapproved2004) Designation: D3111 – 10
Standard Test Method for
Flexibility Determination of Hot-Melt Adhesives by Mandrel
1
Bend Test Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3111; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made in Section 2 and 3.1 in September 2004.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexibility of a hot-melt adhesive in sheet form under specific test
conditions. This is a working test. Its results are useful for comparing adhesives, not for absolute characterization of adhesives.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
E171 Specification for Atmospheres for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Materials
NOTE1—Although no tests related specifically to flexibility of unsupported hot-melt adhesives in sheet form, the above tests concerned with film
flexibility of coatings (supported films) are similar. Specification for Atmospheres for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Many of the terms found in this test method are defined in Terminology D907.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 flexibility, n—that property of a material by virtue of which it may be flexed or bowed repeatedly without undergoing
rupture.
3.2.2hot-melt adhesive, n—an adhesive that is applied in a molten state and forms a bond on cooling to a solid state.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Teststripsofahot-meltadhesiveproperlysizedandconditioned,arebent180°overamandrel(rod).Usingafreshspecimen
for each test, the test is repeated with smaller diameter mandrels until the adhesive fails on bending.The flexibility of the adhesive
is the smallest diameter mandrel over which four out of five test specimens do not break.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The “Mandrel Bend” test is simple and fast. It requires little investment in equipment and little operator training. The prime
purposeistodeterminewhetherahot-meltadhesivemeetsflexibilityrequirements.Thistestisalsousefulforcomparingflexibility
of several adhesives. It can be used to design adhesives by comparing the flexibility of various formulations to meet specific end
use parameters. The adhesive flexibility can be determined at temperatures other than ambient by conditioning the test apparatus
and test specimens at the desired temperature and performing the test under these temperature conditions.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.50 on Hot Melt Pressure Sensitive
Archive Adhesives.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published September 2004. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D3111–99. DOI:
10.1520/D3111-99R04E01.
´1
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3111 – 99 (2004) . DOI:
10.1520/D3111-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3111–10
6. Apparatus
6.1 The test apparatus consists of a series of different diameter cylindrical rods or mandrels supported at each end. There shall
be enough space to permit placement of the flat side of a test specimen tangentially at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the
1
test mandrel. Individual requirements determine the diameter and lengths of the rods needed. For most tests, 3.2 mm (; ⁄8 in.),
1 1
6.4 mm (; ⁄4 in.), and 12.8 mm (; ⁄2 in.) diameter by 75 t
...
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