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ASTM G134-95

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by a Cavitating Liquid Jet

Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by a Cavitating Liquid Jet

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a test that can be used to compare the cavitation erosion resistance of solid materials. A submerged cavitating jet, issuing from a nozzle, impinges on a test specimen placed in its path so that cavities collapse on it, thereby causing erosion. The test is carried out under specified conditions in a specified liquid, usually water. This test method can also be used to compare the cavitation erosion capability of various liquids.
1.2 This test method specifies the nozzle and nozzle holder shape and size, the specimen size and its method of mounting, and the minimum test chamber size. Procedures are described for selecting the standoff distance and one of several standard test conditions. Deviation from some of these conditions is permitted where appropriate and if properly documented. Guidance is given on setting up a suitable apparatus, test and reporting procedures, and the precautions to be taken. Standard reference materials are specified; these must be used to verify the operation of the facility and to define the normalized erosion resistance of other materials.
1.3 Two types of tests are encompassed, one using test liquids which can be run to waste, for example, tap water, and the other using liquids which must be recirculated, for example, reagent water or various oils. Slightly different test circuits are required for each type.
1.4 This test method provides an alternative to Test Method G32. In that method, cavitation is induced by vibrating a submerged specimen at high frequency (20 kHz) with a specified amplitude. In the present method, cavitation is generated in a flowing system so that both the jet velocity and the downstream pressure (which causes the bubble collapse) can be varied independently.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2000
Technical Committee
G02 - Wear and Erosion
Drafting Committee
G02.10 - Erosion by Solids and Liquids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM G134-95(2001)e1 - Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by a Cavitating Liquid Jet
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM G32-16(2021)e1 - Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM G73-10(2021) - Standard Test Method for Liquid Impingement Erosion Using Rotating Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001

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ASTM G134-95 - Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by a Cavitating Liquid JetASTM G134-95 - Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by a Cavitating Liquid Jet
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ASTM G134-95 - Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by a Cavitating Liquid Jet
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: G 134 – 95
Standard Test Method for
1
Erosion of Solid Materials by a Cavitating Liquid Jet
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 134; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers a test that can be used to 2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
compare the cavitation erosion resistance of solid materials. A A 276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
3
submerged cavitating jet, issuing from a nozzle, impinges on a B 160 Specification for Nickel Rod and Bar
test specimen placed in its path so that cavities collapse on it, B 211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy
4
thereby causing erosion. The test is carried out under specified Bar, Rod, and Wire
5
conditions in a specified liquid, usually water. This test method D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
can also be used to compare the cavitation erosion capability of E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
6
various liquids. Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 This test method specifies the nozzle and nozzle holder G 32 Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory
7
shape and size, the specimen size and its method of mounting, Apparatus
7
and the minimum test chamber size. Procedures are described G 40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
7
for selecting the standoff distance and one of several standard G 73 Practice for Liquid Impingement Erosion Testing
test conditions. Deviation from some of these conditions is 2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
8
permitted where appropriate and if properly documented. Manufacturing Drawings of the Apparatus
Guidance is given on setting up a suitable apparatus, test and
3. Terminology
reporting procedures, and the precautions to be taken. Standard
reference materials are specified; these must be used to verify 3.1 Definitions—See Terminology G 40 for definitions of
terms relating to cavitation erosion. For convenience, defini-
the operation of the facility and to define the normalized
erosion resistance of other materials. tions of some important terms used in this test method are
quoted below from Terminology G 40 – 90a.
1.3 Two types of tests are encompassed, one using test
liquids which can be run to waste, for example, tap water, and 3.1.1 cavitation—the formation and collapse, within a liq-
uid, of cavities or bubbles that contain vapor or gas, or both.
the other using liquids which must be recirculated, for ex-
ample, reagent water or various oils. Slightly different test 3.1.1.1 Discussion—In general, cavitation originates from a
decrease in static pressure in the liquid. It is distinguished in
circuits are required for each type.
1.4 This test method provides an alternative to Test Method this way from boiling, which originates from an increase in
liquid temperature. There are certain situations where it may be
G 32. In that method, cavitation is induced by vibrating a
submerged specimen at high frequency (20 kHz) with a difficult to make a clear distinction between cavitation and
boiling, and the more general definition that is given here is,
specified amplitude. In the present method, cavitation is
therefore, preferred.
generated in a flowing system so that both the jet velocity and
the downstream pressure (which causes the bubble collapse) 3.1.1.2 Discussion—In order to erode a solid surface by
cavitation, it is necessary for the cavitation bubbles to collapse
can be varied independently.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the on or close to that surface.
3.1.2 cavitation erosion—progressive loss of original mate-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. rial from a solid surface due to continued exposure to cavita-
tion.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.3 cumulative erosion—the total amount of material lost
from a solid surface during all exposure periods since it was
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.04.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.02.
1 5
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
6
and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.10 on Erosion by Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
7
Solids and Liquids. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vo
...

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