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ASTM B117-07

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus

Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides a controlled corrosive environment which has been utilized to produce relative corrosion resistance information for specimens of metals and coated metals exposed in a given test chamber.  
Prediction of performance in natural environments has seldom been correlated with salt spray results when used as stand alone data.
3.2.1 Correlation and extrapolation of corrosion performance based on exposure to the test environment provided by this practice are not always predictable.
3.2.2 Correlation and extrapolation should be considered only in cases where appropriate corroborating long-term atmospheric exposures have been conducted.
The reproducibility of results in the salt spray exposure is highly dependent on the type of specimens tested and the evaluation criteria selected, as well as the control of the operating variables. In any testing program, sufficient replicates should be included to establish the variability of the results. Variability has been observed when similar specimens are tested in different fog chambers even though the testing conditions are nominally similar and within the ranges specified in this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the apparatus, procedure, and conditions required to create and maintain the salt spray (fog) test environment. Suitable apparatus which may be used is described in Appendix X1.
1.2 This practice does not prescribe the type of test specimen or exposure periods to be used for a specific product, nor the interpretation to be given to the results.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2007
ICS
77.060 - Corrosion of metals
Technical Committee
G01 - Corrosion of Metals
Drafting Committee
G01.05 - Laboratory Corrosion Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM B117-03 - Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Replaced By
ASTM B117-07a - Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
Effective Date
15-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM F2589-16(2021) - Standard Specification for Ornamental Fences Employing Steel Tubular Pickets
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM F2833-11(2017) - Standard Specification for Corrosion Protective Fastener Coatings with Zinc Rich Base Coat and Aluminum Organic/Inorganic Type
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM B449-93(2022) - Standard Specification for Chromates on Aluminum
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1047-19 - Standard Specification for Accessories for Gypsum Wallboard and Gypsum Veneer Base
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM B699-86(2021)e1 - Standard Specification for Coatings of Cadmium Vacuum-Deposited on Iron and Steel
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM B999-15(2022) - Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloys Plating, Electrodeposited Coatings of Titanium and Titanium Alloys on Conductive and Non-Conductive Substrate
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM B840-22 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc Cobalt Alloy Deposits
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM B368-21 - Standard Test Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-Salt Spray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test)
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM E866-23 - Standard Specification for Corrosion-Inhibiting Adhesive Primer for Aluminum Alloys to Be Adhesively Bonded in Honeycomb Shelter Panels
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM B994/B994M-22 - Standard Specification for Nickel-Cobalt Alloy Coating
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM A1055/A1055M-22 - Standard Specification for Zinc and Epoxy Dual-Coated Steel Reinforcing Bars
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM B696-00(2023) - Standard Specification for Coatings of Cadmium Mechanically Deposited
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM F883-13(2022) - Standard Performance Specification for Padlocks
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007

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ASTM B117-07 - Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusASTM B117-07 - Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
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ASTM B117-07 - Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:B117–07
Standard Practice for
1
Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 This practice covers the apparatus, procedure, and 3.1 This practice provides a controlled corrosive environ-
conditions required to create and maintain the salt spray (fog) ment which has been utilized to produce relative corrosion
test environment. Suitable apparatus which may be used is resistance information for specimens of metals and coated
described in Appendix X1. metals exposed in a given test chamber.
1.2 This practice does not prescribe the type of test speci- 3.2 Prediction of performance in natural environments has
men or exposure periods to be used for a specific product, nor seldom been correlated with salt spray results when used as
the interpretation to be given to the results. stand alone data.
1.3 3.2.1 Correlation and extrapolation of corrosion perfor-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the mance based on exposure to the test environment provided by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the this practice are not always predictable.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2.2 Correlation and extrapolation should be considered
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- only in cases where appropriate corroborating long-term atmo-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. spheric exposures have been conducted.
3.3 The reproducibility of results in the salt spray exposure
2. Referenced Documents
is highly dependent on the type of specimens tested and the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
evaluation criteria selected, as well as the control of the
B 368 Test Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid- operating variables. In any testing program, sufficient repli-
Salt Spray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test)
cates should be included to establish the variability of the
D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
results. Variability has been observed when similar specimens
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and are tested in different fog chambers even though the testing
Related Coating Products
conditions are nominally similar and within the ranges speci-
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water fied in this practice.
D 1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated
4. Apparatus
Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the 4.1 The apparatus required for salt spray (fog) exposure
Glass Electrode consists of a fog chamber, a salt solution reservoir, a supply of
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to suitably conditioned compressed air, one or more atomizing
Determine the Precision of a Test Method nozzles, specimen supports, provision for heating the chamber,
G85 Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing and necessary means of control. The size and detailed con-
struction of the apparatus are optional, provided the conditions
obtained meet the requirements of this practice.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion
4.2 Drops of solution which accumulate on the ceiling or
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.05 on Laboratory
cover of the chamber shall not be permitted to fall on the
Corrosion Tests.
specimens being exposed.
Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published March 2007. Originally
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as B 117–03.
4.3 Drops of solution which fall from the specimens shall
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
not be returned to the solution reservoir for respraying.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.4 Material of construction shall be such that it will not
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. affect the corrosiveness of the fog.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B117–07
4.5 AllwaterusedforthispracticeshallconformtoTypeIV 7.1.4 Salt solution from one specimen shall not drip on any
water in Specification D 1193 (except that for this practice other specimen.
limits for chlorides and sodium may be ignored).This does not
NOTE 2—Suitable
...

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FIG. 1 Typical Stressed U-bends  
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5.1 Autoclave tests are commonly used to evaluate the corrosion performance of metallic and non-metallic materials under simulated HP and HTHP service conditions. Examples of service environments in which HP and HTHP corrosion tests have been used include chemical processing, petroleum production and refining, food processing, pressurized cooling water, electric power systems, and aerospace propulsion.  
5.2 For the applications of corrosion testing listed in 5.1, the service environment involves handling corrosive and potentially hazardous media under conditions of high pressure or high temperature, or both. The temperature and pressure, among other parameters, usually drive the composition and properties of the aqueous phase and, hence, the severity of the corrosion process. Consequently, the laboratory evaluation of corrosion severity cannot be performed in conventional low pressure glassware without making potentially invalid assumptions as to the potential effects of high temperature and pressure on corrosion severity.  
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1.3 The primary purpose for this guide is to promote consistency of corrosion test results. Furthermore, this guide will aid in the comparison of corrosion data between laboratories or testing organizations that utilize different equipment.  
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4.1 It is important to be able to determine the extent of pitting, either in a service application in which it is necessary to predict the remaining life in a metal structure, or in laboratory test programs that are used to select the most pitting-resistant materials for service. The purpose of the study is crucial in determining the appropriate examination and evaluation steps.  
4.2 Some typical purposes of laboratory tests include, but are not limited to, evaluating performance of alloys, determining whether an alloy is resistant to the environment, evaluating how environmental conditions including corrosion inhibitor affect or prevent pitting, and evaluating whether a lot of metal is sufficiently resistant for its use in a particular application or environment.  
4.3 Some typical purposes of field studies include, but are not limited to, determining if pits are likely to grow and cause leak or release of process fluid, and assisting a determination of whether to replace or repair damage from pits (remaining life assessment).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection of procedures that can be used in the examination and evaluation of pitted metals. These procedures include both nondestructive and destructive approaches.  
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5.1 The bent-beam specimen is designed for determining the stress-corrosion behavior of alloy sheets and plates in a variety of environments. The bent-beam specimens are designed for testing at stress levels below the elastic limit of the alloy. For testing in the plastic range, U-bend specimens should be employed (see Practice G30). Although it is possible to stress bent-beam specimens into the plastic range, the stress level cannot be calculated for plastically-stressed three- and four-point loaded specimens as well as the double-beam specimens. Therefore, the use of bent-beam specimens in the plastic range is not recommended for general use.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for designing, preparing, and using bent-beam stress-corrosion specimens.  
1.2 Different specimen configurations are given for use with different product forms, such as sheet or plate. This practice is applicable to specimens of any metal that are stressed to levels less than the elastic limit of the material, and therefore, the applied stress can be accurately calculated or measured (see Note 1). Stress calculations by this practice are not applicable to plastically stressed specimens.  
Note 1: It is the nature of these practices that only the applied stress can be calculated. Since stress-corrosion cracking is a function of the total stress, for critical applications and proper interpretation of results, the residual stress (before applying external stress) or the total elastic stress (after applying external stress) should be determined by appropriate nondestructive methods, such as X-ray diffraction (1).2  
1.3 Test procedures are given for stress-corrosion testing by exposure to gaseous and liquid environments.  
1.4 The bent-beam test is best suited for flat product forms, such as sheet, strip, and plate. For plate material the bent-beam specimen is more difficult to use because more rugged specimen holders must be built to accommodate the specimens. A double-beam modification of a four-point loaded specimen to utilize heavier materials is described in 10.5.  
1.5 The exposure of specimens in a corrosive environment is treated only briefly since other practices deal with this aspect, for example, Practices D1141, G30, G36, G44, G50, and G85. The experimenter is referred to ASTM Special Technical Publication 425 (2).  
1.6 The bent-beam practice generally constitutes a constant strain (deflection) test. Once cracking has initiated, the state of stress at the tip of the crack as well as in uncracked areas has changed, and therefore, the known or calculated stress or strain values discussed in this practice apply only to the state of stress existing before initiation of cracks.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For more specific safety hazard information see Section 7 and 12.1.)  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM G186-05(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Whether Gas-Leak-Detector Fluid Solutions Can Cause Stress Corrosion Cracking of Brass Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Brass components are routinely used in compressed gas service for valves, pressure regulators, connectors and many other components. Although soft brass is not susceptible to ammonia SCC, work-hardened brass is susceptible if its hardness exceeds about 54 HR 30T (55HRB) (Rockwell scale). Normal assembly of brass components should not induce sufficient work hardening to cause susceptibility to ammonia SCC. However, it is has been observed that over-tightening of the components will render them susceptible to SCC, and the problem becomes more severe in older components that have been tightened many times. In this test, the specimens are obtained in the hardened condition and are strained beyond the elastic limit to accelerate the tendency towards SCC.  
5.2 It is normal practice to use LDFs to check pressurized systems to assure that leaking is not occurring. LDFs are usually aqueous solutions containing surfactants that will form bubbles at the site of a leak. If the LDF contains ammonia or other agent that can cause SCC in brass, serious damage can occur to the system that will compromise its safety and integrity.  
5.3 It is important to test LDFs to assure that they do not cause SCC of brass and to assure that the use of these products does not compromise the integrity of the pressure containing system.  
5.4 It has been found that corrosion of brass is necessary before SCC can occur. The reason for this is that the corrosion process results in cupric and cuprous ions accumulating in the electrolyte. Therefore, adding copper metal and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) to the aqueous solution accelerates the SCC process if agents that cause SCC are present. However, adding these components to a solution that does not cause SCC will not make stressed brass crack.  
5.5 Repeated application of the solution to the specimen followed by a drying period causes the components in the solution to concentrate thereby further increasing the rate of cracking. This also simulates se...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated test method for evaluating the tendency of gas leak detection fluids (LDFs) to cause stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of brass components in compressed gas service.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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