ASTM F510/F510M-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Resistance to Abrasion of Resilient Floor Coverings Using an Abrader with a Grit Feed Method
Standard Test Method for Resistance to Abrasion of Resilient Floor Coverings Using an Abrader with a Grit Feed Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 When subjected to normal in-use traffic conditions, a flooring material is exposed to abrasion caused by the destructive action of fine hard particles. This situation occurs whenever loose debris, dirt and other particulate matter exists between traffic bodies (that is, shoes and a flooring surface). Under continuing exposure to an “abrasive action,” a flooring material may suffer a thickness loss sufficient to reduce its service life.
4.2 Abrasion resistance measurements of resilient floor coverings can be complicated since the resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors. These may include the physical properties of the material in the floor covering surface, particularly its hardness and resilience; type and degree of added substances, such as fillers and pigments; surface characteristics of the specimen, such as type, depth, and amount of embossing. It can also be affected by conditions of the test, including the type and characteristics of the abradant and how it acts on the area of the specimen being abraded; pressure between the specimen and leather clad brass wheels; and vacuum suction.
4.3 This test method is designed to simulate one kind of abrasive action and abradant that a flooring may encounter in the field. However, results should not be used as an absolute index of ultimate life because, as noted, there are too many factors and interactions to consider. Also involved are the many different types of service locations. Therefore, the data from this test method are of value chiefly in the development of materials and should not be used without qualifications as a basis for commercial comparisons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 describes a laboratory procedure for determining the abrasion resistance of resilient flooring using an abrader with a grit feeder.3
1.2 The equipment used in this test method is a modification of the Taber abraser. The regular abrading wheels are replaced by leather clad brass wheels (rollers). As the specimen holder rotates, a grit-feeding device dispenses aluminum oxide grit onto the specimen before the grit passes under the leather clad brass wheels. As the specimen rotates, the rub-wear action of the wheels and abrasive grit causes abrasion on the test piece. Using the vacuum system incorporated in the apparatus, the used grit and abraded material are removed after passing under both wheels.
1.3 This test method employs a rotary, rubbing action caused by loose abrasive grit and the two abrading wheels. One wheel rubs the specimen from the center outward and the other from the outside toward the center. The wheels traverse a complete circle and have an abrasive action on the rotating specimen at all angles. This action approaches the twisting action between shoe and floor that occurs when a person turns. The use of loose grit serves the function of an abradant and also aids in the rolling action characteristic of normal walking.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F510/F510M − 20
Standard Test Method for
Resistance to Abrasion of Resilient Floor Coverings Using
1
an Abrader with a Grit Feed Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F510/F510M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2 safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
determining the abrasion resistance of resilient flooring using
3 priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
an abrader with a grit feeder.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 Theequipmentusedinthistestmethodisamodification
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
of the Taber abraser. The regular abrading wheels are replaced
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
by leather clad brass wheels (rollers). As the specimen holder
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
rotates, a grit-feeding device dispenses aluminum oxide grit
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
onto the specimen before the grit passes under the leather clad
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
brass wheels. As the specimen rotates, the rub-wear action of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the wheels and abrasive grit causes abrasion on the test piece.
2. Referenced Documents
Using the vacuum system incorporated in the apparatus, the
4
usedgritandabradedmaterialareremovedafterpassingunder
2.1 ASTM Standards:
both wheels.
D792Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
1.3 This test method employs a rotary, rubbing action
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
causedbylooseabrasivegritandthetwoabradingwheels.One
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
wheelrubsthespecimenfromthecenteroutwardandtheother
Lot or Process
from the outside toward the center. The wheels traverse a
complete circle and have an abrasive action on the rotating G195Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary
Platform Abraser
specimen at all angles. This action approaches the twisting
action between shoe and floor that occurs when a person turns.
3. Terminology
Theuseofloosegritservesthefunctionofanabradantandalso
3.1 Definitions:
aids in the rolling action characteristic of normal walking.
3.1.1 abrasion—of resilient floor coverings, a form of wear,
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
in which a gradual removing of a flooring surface is caused by
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
the frictional action of relatively fine hard particles.
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
3.1.2 resistance to abrasion—of resilient floor coverings,
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
the ability of a material to withstand mechanical actions of
used independently of the other, and values from the two
relatively fine hard particles, which by rubbing, scraping, and
systems shall not be combined.
eroding remove material from a floor covering surface.
1 4. Significance and Use
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF06onResilient
Floor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.20 on Test
4.1 When subjected to normal in-use traffic conditions, a
Methods.
flooring material is exposed to abrasion caused by the destruc-
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F510–14. DOI: tive action of fine hard particles. This situation occurs when-
10.1520/F0510_F0510M-20.
ever loose debris, dirt and other particulate matter exists
2
This test method is described by W. E. Irwin in “Development of a Method to
MeasureWearonResilientFlooring,” Journal of Testing and Evaluation,Vol4,No.
4
1, January 1976, pp. 15–20. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
This grit feed method is frequently referred to as the “Frick Grit Feed Method” contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
becauseitisbasedonworkdonebyOttoF.V.Frickasdescribedin“StudiesofWear Standards volume i
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F510/F510M − 14 F510/F510M − 20
Standard Test Method for
Resistance to Abrasion of Resilient Floor Coverings Using
1
an Abrader with a Grit Feed Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F510/F510M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for determining the abrasion resistance of resilient flooring using an
3
abrader with a grit feeder.
1.2 The equipment used in this test method is a modification of the Taber abraser. The regular abrading wheels are replaced by
leather clad brass wheels (rollers). As the specimen holder rotates, a grit-feeding device feedsdispenses aluminum oxide grit onto
the specimen before it the grit passes under the leather clad brass wheels. As the specimen rotates, the rub-wear action of the wheels
and abrasive grit causes abrasion on the test piece. Using the vacuum system incorporated in the apparatus, the used grit and
abraded material are removed after passing under both wheels.
1.3 This test method employs a rotary, rubbing action caused by loose abrasive grit and the two abrading wheels. One wheel
rubs the specimen from the center outward and the other from the outside toward the center. The wheels traverse a complete circle
and have an abrasive action on the rotating specimen at all angles. This action approaches the twisting action between shoe and
floor that occurs when a person turns. The use of loose grit serves the function of an abradant and also aids in the rolling action
characteristic of normal walking.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
G195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F06 on Resilient Floor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.20 on Test Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014May 1, 2020. Published June 2014June 2020. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 as
F510–13.–14. DOI: 10.1520/F0510_F0510M-14.10.1520/F0510_F0510M-20.
2
This test method is described by W. E. Irwin in “Development of a Method to Measure Wear on Resilient Flooring,” Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol 4, No. 1,
January 1976, pp. 15–20.This test method is described by W. E. Irwin in “Development of a Method to Measure Wear on Resilient Flooring,” Journal of Testing and
Evaluation, Vol 4, No. 1, January 1976, pp. 15–20.
3
This grit feed method is frequently referred to as the “Frick Grit Feed Method” because it is based on work done by Otto F. V. Frick as described in “Studies of Wear
on Flooring Materials,” Wear, Vol 14, 1969, pp. 119–131.This grit feed method is frequently referred to as the “Frick Grit Feed Method” because it is based on work done
by Otto F. V. Frick as described in “Studies of Wear on Flooring Materials,” Wear, Vol 14, 1969, pp. 119-131.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For A
...
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