ASTM A757/A757M-00
(Specification)Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing and Other Applications, for Low-Temperature Service
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing and Other Applications, for Low-Temperature Service
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon and alloy steel castings for pressure-containing and other applications intended primarily for petroleum and gas pipelines in areas subject to low-ambient temperatures. Castings shall be heat treated by normalizing and tempering or liquid quenching and tempering. All classes are weldable under proper conditions. Hardenability of some grades may limit usable section size.
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to Specification A757 and SI units for material ordered to Specification A757M.
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Designation: A 757/A757M – 00
Standard Specification for
Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-
Containing and Other Applications, for Low-Temperature
Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 757/A757M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 94 Guide for Radiographic Testing
E 125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indica-
1.1 This specification covers carbon and alloy steel castings
tions on Ferrous Castings
for pressure-containing and other applications intended prima-
E 142 Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic
rily for petroleum and gas pipelines in areas subject to
Testing
low-ambient temperatures. Castings shall be heat treated by
E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination
normalizing and tempering or liquid quenching and tempering.
E 186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4
All classes are weldable under proper conditions. Hardenabil-
1 2 -in. (51 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
ity of some grades may limit usable section size. /
E 208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
Steels
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
E 280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 1 2to
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must /
12-in. (114 to 305-mm)) Steel Castings
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
E 350 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel,
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and
cation. Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to
Wrought Iron
Specification A 757 and SI units for material ordered to
E 353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless,
Specification A 757M.
Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-
2. Referenced Documents
Nickel-Iron Alloys
E 390 Reference Radiographs for Steel Fusion Welds
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings up to 2 in.
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
(51 mm) in Thickness
of Steel Products
E 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination
A 488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Quali-
2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers:
fications of Procedures and Personnel
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
A 703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, General
2.3 Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and
Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
Fittings Industry Standards:
A 919 Terminology Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals
MSS SP-53 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Dry
Determine Conformance with Specifications
Powder Magnetic Particle Inspection Method)
E 30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast
MSS SP-54 Quality Standard for Steel Casting for Valves,
Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron
Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Ra-
E 38 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Chromium
diographic Inspection Method)
and Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys
MSS SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,
Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Vi-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel, sual Method)
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.18 on Castings.
Current edition approved Mar. 10, 2000. Published May 2000. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
e1 7
published as A 757 – 78. Last previous edition A 757/A 757M – 96 . Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
2 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. Available from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02. New York, NY 10017.
4 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Available from the Manufacturers’ Standardization Society of the Valve and
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05. Fittings Industry, 127 Park St., North East Vienna, VA 22180.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 757/A757M – 00
3. Terminology 5.2.1 All castings shall be heat treated by either normalizing
and tempering or quenching and tempering. Tempering tem-
3.1 Definitions:
perature shall be 1100°F [595°C] minimum, except grades
3.1.1 Definitions in Test Methods and Definitions A 370 and
B4N and B4Q, which shall be tempered at 1050°F [565°C]
Terminology A 919 are applicable to this specification.
minimum.
3.1.2 Definition of nominal thickness, T, applies to
5.2.2 E3N castings shall be heat-treated by heating to
quenched and tempered castings with a thickness exceeding 2
1850°F [1010°C] minimum, and air cooling to 200°F [95°C]
in. [50 mm]. Nominal thickness, T, is the maximum thickness
maximum before any optional intermediate temper, but shall
of the pressure-containing wall of the casting exclusive of
cool to 100°F [40°C] maximum before the final temper, which
padding added for directional solidification, flanges, append-
shall be between 1050 and 1150°F [565 and 620°C].
ages, and sections designated by the designer as noncritical.
5.2.3 Furnace temperatures for heat treating shall be con-
4. Ordering Information trolled by pyrometers.
5.2.4 Castings shall be allowed to cool below the transfor-
4.1 Orders for material to this specification should include
mation range directly after pouring and solidification before
the following, as required, to describe the material adequately:
they are reheated for normalizing or liquid quenching.
4.1.1 Description of the casting by pattern number or
drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the
6. Chemical Composition
casting drawing),
4.1.2 Grade,
6.1 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat shall be made
4.1.3 Options in the specification, by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of the
4.1.4 Detailed drawing including areas that are suitable for
elements specified in Table 1. The analysis shall be made from
marking, the proposed nondestructive testing techniques and a test sample preferably taken during the pouring of the heat.
areas to be so tested, and the test dimension, T (see 3.1.2 ), and When drillings are used, they shall be taken not less than ⁄4 in.
4.1.5 Supplementary requirements desired, if any, including [6.4 mm] beneath the surface. The chemical composition thus
standards of acceptance. determined shall be reported to the purchaser or his represen-
tative, and shall conform to the requirements specified in Table
5. Materials and Manufacture
1 for the grade being poured.
5.1 Melting Process—The steel shall be made by the 6.2 Product Analysis—A product analysis may be made by
electric furnace process or other primary processes approved the purchaser from material representing each heat, lot, or
by the purchaser. The primary melting may incorporate sepa- casting. The analysis shall be made on representative material.
rate degassing or refining and may be followed by secondary Due to the possibility of decarburization, samples for carbon
melting. analysis shall be taken no closer than ⁄4 in. [6.4 mm] to a cast
5.2 Heat Treatment: surface, except that castings too thin for this shall be analyzed
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Maximum Percent Unless Range is Given)
D1N1 D1Q1
Grade A1Q A2Q B2N B2Q B3N B3Q B4N B4Q C1Q D1N2 D1Q2 E1Q E2N, E2Q E3N
D1N3 D1Q3
Carbon- Nickel Nickel Martensitic
Nickel Chromium
1 1 1
Type Carbon Manga- 2 ⁄2Nickel 3 ⁄2 Nickel 4 ⁄2Nickel Chromium Chromium Chromium
Molybdenum Molybdenum
nese Molybdenum Molybdenum Nickel
A
Carbon 0.30 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.15 0.25 0.20 0.22 0.20 0.06
A
Manganese 1.00 1.20 0.50/0.80 0.50/0.80 0.50/0.80 1.20 0.40/0.80 0.50/0.80 0.40/0.70 1.00
Phosphorus 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.020 0.030
Sulfur 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.020 0.030
Silicon 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 1.00
Nickel — — 2.0/3.0 3.0/4.0 4.0/5.0 1.5/2.0 — 2.5/3.5 2.75/3.90 3.5/4.5
Chromium — — ———— 2.0/2.75 1.35/1.85 1.50/2.0 11.5/14.0
Molybdenum — — — — — 0.15/0.30 0.90/1.20 0.35/0.60 0.40/0.60 0.40/1.0
Specified Residual
Elements:
Vanadium 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 —
Copper 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Nickel 0.50 0.50 ———— 0.50 — — —
Chromium 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 ————
Molybdenum 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 —————
Tungsten — — ———— 0.10 — 0.10 0.10
Total 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.70 0.70 0.50
residuals (maxi-
B
mum %)
A
For each 0.01 % of reduction in carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04 % manganese over the maximum specified will be permitted up to 1.40 %.
B
Total residuals includes phosphorus and sulfur.
A 757/A757M – 00
on representative material. When a product analysis is per- 7.2 Tension test specimens shall be machined to the form
formed, the chemical composition thus determined may vary and dimensions shown in Fig. 2 of Test Methods and Defini-
from the specified limits in Table 1 by the amounts shown in tions A 370 and tested in accordance with Test Methods and
Table 2. When the analysis exceeds the permitted variance Definitions A 370.
specified in Table 2, the material shall be subject to rejection by
7.3 If a specimen is machined improperly or flaws are
the purchaser.
revealed, the specimen may be discarded and another substi-
6.3 Referee Analysis—Test Methods E 350 or Test Methods
tuted from the same heat.
E 353 shall be used for referee purposes. Test Methods E 30 or
7.4 To determine conformance with the tension test require-
E 38 shall be used if Test Methods E 350 or Test Methods
ments, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded
E 353 do not include a method for some element present in the
off in accordance with Practice E 29 to the nearest 500 psi [5
material. When a comparison is made between the heat
MPa] for yield and tensile strengths and to the nearest 1 % for
analysis and the referee analysis, the reproducibility data, R 2,
elongation and reduction of area.
in the precision statement of Test Methods E 350 or Test
Methods E 353 shall be used as a guide.
8. Impact Requirements
6.4 Rounding—Chemical analysis results shall be rounded,
in accordance with Practice E 29, to the nearest unit in the last 8.1 Impact properties shall be determined on each heat by
testing a set of three Charpy V-notch specimens. The bar from
right-hand place of values in the table of chemical require-
ments. which the impact specimens are machined shall be prepared in
accordance with Section 12. The longitudinal axis of the
7. Tensile Requirements
Charpy specimens shall be parallel to the longitudinal axis of
the tensile bar. Testing shall be in accordance with Test
7.1 One tension test shall be made from each heat. The
Methods and Definitions A 370 using the Charpy V-notch Type
mechanical properties thus determined shall conform to the
A specimen.
requirements specified in Table 3. The bar from which the
tension specimen is machined shall be in accordance with
8.2 Test temperature and absorbed energy requirements for
Section 12. the grade shall be as specified in Table 4, except for those
grades that have no values specified, in which case, impact
energy values and test temperatures shall be agreed upon
TABLE 2 Product Analysis Tolerances
between the manufacturer and the purchaser. The average
A B,C
energy value of three specimens shall not be less than the
Element Range, % Tolerances
Over Maximum or Under Minimum
minimum average specified, with only one value permitted
Limit, %
below the minimum average specified and this value not
C up to 0.65 0.03 3%C + 0.02
L
permitted to fall below the minimum specified for a single
above 0.65 0.04
specimen. Supplementary Requirement S8 may be specified if
Mn up to 1 0.08 3%Mn + 0.01
L
above 1 0.09
lateral expansion or percent shear area, or both, are desired by
Si up to 0.60 0.22 3%Si − 0.01
L
the purchaser.
above 0.60 0.15
P all 0.13 3%P + 0.005
L 8.3 Impact properties shall also be determined on both the
S all 0.36 3%S + 0.001
L
heat-affected zone of the base metal and the weld metal of the
Ni up to 2 0.10 3%Ni + 0.03
L
welding procedure qualification test. Test temperature, energy
above 2 0.25
Cr up to 2 0.07 3%Cr + 0.04
L absorption, specimen type, and test method shall be the same as
above 2 0.18
specified for the base material.
Mo up to 0.6 0.04 3%Mo + 0.03
L
above 0.6 0.06
8.3.1 Coupons Representing the Weld Deposits—Impact
V up to 0.25 0.23 3%V + 0.004
L
specimens shall be located so that the longitudinal axis of the
above 0.25 0.06
specimen is at least one fourth of the thickness of the weld test
W up to 0.10 0.08 3%W + 0.02
L
above 0.10 0.02 plate, t, from the surface of the test assembly and is transverse
Cu up to 0.15 0.18 3%Cu + 0.02
L
to the longitudinal axis of the weld with the area of the notch
above 0.15 0.05
located in the weld metal. The length of the notch of the
A1 up to 0.10 0.08 3 %Al + 0.02
L
above 0.10 0.03
Charpy specimen shall be normal to the surface of the weld
A
The range denotes the composition limits up to which tolerances are computed (see Fig. 1).
by the equation and above which the tolerances are given by a constant.
8.3.2 Coupons Representing the Heat-Affected Zone:
B
The subscript L for the elements in each equation indicates that the limits of the
element specified by the applicable specification are to be inserted into the
8.3.2.1 Impact specimens in test plate thicknesses greater
equation to calculate the tolerance for the upper limit and the lower limit (if
than ⁄8 in. [16 mm] shall be from coupons removed from a
applicable), respectively. Examples of computing tolerances are presented in the
location as near as practical to a point midway between the
Footnote C below.
C
To illustrate, consider the manganese limits 0.50 to 0.80 % of E 1Q. According
surface and center thickness. Heat-affected zone coupons for
to Table 4, the maximum permissible deviation of a product analysis below the
impact specimens shall be taken transverse to the weld and
lower limit 0.50 is 0.05 % = (0.08 3 0.50 + 0.01). The lowest acceptable product
analysis of E 1Q, therefore, is 0.45 %. Similarly, the max
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