ASTM A757/A757M-00(2004)

Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing and Other Applications, for Low-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers carbon and alloy steel castings for pressure-containing and other applications intended primarily for petroleum and gas pipelines in areas subject to low-ambient temperatures. Castings shall be heat treated by normalizing and tempering or liquid quenching and tempering. The steel shall be made by the electric furnace process or other primary processes. Heat and product analyses shall be performed on the material and the chemical composition shall conform to the prescribed values for carbon, manganese, nickel, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, also for residual elements like vanadium, copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten. Tensile test shall be made and the mechanical properties thus determined shall conform to the required tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area. Charpy V-notch testing shall be done to determine the impact properties on each heat by specimen type like coupons representing the weld deposits and coupons representing the heat-affected zone. Impact properties shall also be determined on both the heat-affected zone of the base metal and the weld metal of the welding procedure qualification test. After machining, each pressure-containing casting shall undergo hydrostatic pressure testing and shall not leak.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon and alloy steel castings for pressure-containing and other applications intended primarily for petroleum and gas pipelines in areas subject to low-ambient temperatures. Castings shall be heat treated by normalizing and tempering or liquid quenching and tempering. All classes are weldable under proper conditions. Hardenability of some grades may limit usable section size.  
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to Specification A757 and SI units for material ordered to Specification A757M.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2004
• ICS: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.18 - Castings

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A757/A757M-00 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing and Other Applications, for Low-Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM A757/A757M-10 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing and Other Applications, for Low-Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2010
• Referred By: ASTM A488/A488M-18e2 - Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A757/A757M – 00 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Specification for
Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-
Containing and Other Applications, for Low-Temperature
Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA757/A757M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast
Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron
1.1 This specification covers carbon and alloy steel castings
E38 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Chromium
for pressure-containing and other applications intended prima-
and Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys
rily for petroleum and gas pipelines in areas subject to
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
low-ambient temperatures. Castings shall be heat treated by
E125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indica-
normalizingandtemperingorliquidquenchingandtempering.
tions on Ferrous Castings
All classes are weldable under proper conditions. Hardenabil-
E142 MethodforControllingQualityofRadiographicTest-
ity of some grades may limit usable section size.
ing
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
E165 PracticeforLiquidPenetrantExaminationforGeneral
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
Industry
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
in. [51 to 114-mm]) Steel Castings
beusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthe
E208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
Determine Nil-DuctilityTransitionTemperature of Ferritic
cation. Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to
Steels
Specification A757 and SI units for material ordered to
E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to
Specification A757M.
12-in. [114 to 305-mm]) Steel Castings
2. Referenced Documents E350 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Carbon Steel,
Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Wrought Iron
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
E353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless,
of Steel Products
Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Quali-
Nickel-Iron Alloys
fications of Procedures and Personnel
E390 Reference Radiographs for Steel Fusion Welds
A703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Re-
E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.
quirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
[51 mm] in Thickness
A919 Terminology Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers:
Determine Conformance with Specifications
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
2.3 Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel,
Fittings Industry Standards:
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
MSS SP-53 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,
A01.18 on Castings.
Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Dry
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as A757/A757M–00. Powder Magnetic Particle Inspection Method)
DOI: 10.1520/A757/A757M-00R04. DOI: 10.1520/A0757_A0757M-00R04.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.
the ASTM website. AvailablefromManufacturersStandardizationSocietyoftheValveandFittings
Withdrawn. Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A757/A757M – 00 (2004)
MSS SP-54 Quality Standard for Steel Casting for Valves, 5. Materials and Manufacture
Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Ra-
5.1 Melting Process—The steel shall be made by the
diographic Inspection Method)
electric furnace process or other primary processes approved
MSS SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,
by the purchaser. The primary melting may incorporate sepa-
Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Vi-
rate degassing or refining and may be followed by secondary
sual Method)
melting.
5.2 Heat Treatment:
3. Terminology
5.2.1 Allcastingsshallbeheattreatedbyeithernormalizing
3.1 Definitions:
and tempering or quenching and tempering. Tempering tem-
3.1.1 Definitions inTest Methods and DefinitionsA370 and
perature shall be 1100°F [595°C] minimum, except grades
Terminology A919 are applicable to this specification.
B4N and B4Q, which shall be tempered at 1050°F [565°C]
3.1.2 Definition of nominal thickness, T, applies to
minimum.
quenched and tempered castings with a thickness exceeding 2
5.2.2 E3N castings shall be heat treated by heating to
in. [50 mm]. Nominal thickness, T, is the maximum thickness
1850°F [1010°C] minimum, and air cooling to 200°F [95°C]
of the pressure-containing wall of the casting exclusive of
maximum before any optional intermediate temper, but shall
padding added for directional solidification, flanges, append-
cool to 100°F [40°C] maximum before the final temper, which
ages, and sections designated by the designer as noncritical.
shall be between 1050 and 1150°F [565 and 620°C].
5.2.3 Furnace temperatures for heat treating shall be con-
4. Ordering Information
trolled by pyrometers.
4.1 Orders for material to this specification should include
5.2.4 Castings shall be allowed to cool below the transfor-
the following, as required, to describe the material adequately:
mation range directly after pouring and solidification before
4.1.1 Description of the casting by pattern number or
they are reheated for normalizing or liquid quenching.
drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the
casting drawing),
6. Chemical Composition
4.1.2 Grade,
4.1.3 Options in the specification, 6.1 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat shall be made
4.1.4 Detailed drawing, including areas that are suitable for by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of the
marking, the proposed nondestructive testing techniques and elements specified inTable 1.The analysis shall be made from
areas to be so tested, and the test dimension, T (see 3.1.2), and a test sample preferably taken during the pouring of the heat.
4.1.5 Supplementary requirements desired, if any, including Whendrillingsareused,theyshallbetakennotlessthan ⁄4in.
[6.4 mm] beneath the surface. The chemical composition thus
standards of acceptance.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Maximum Percent Unless Range is Given)
D1N1 D1Q1
Grade A1Q A2Q B2N B2Q B3N B3Q B4N B4Q C1Q D1N2 D1Q2 E1Q E2N, E2Q E3N
D1N3 D1Q3
Carbon- Nickel Nickel Martensitic
Nickel Chromium
1 1 1
Type Carbon Manga- 2 ⁄2 Nickel 3 ⁄2 Nickel 4 ⁄2 Nickel Chromium Chromium Chromium
Molybdenum Molybdenum
nese Molybdenum Molybdenum Nickel
A
Carbon 0.30 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.15 0.25 0.20 0.22 0.20 0.06
A
Manganese 1.00 1.20 0.50/0.80 0.50/0.80 0.50/0.80 1.20 0.40/0.80 0.50/0.80 0.40/0.70 1.00
Phosphorus 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.020 0.030
Sulfur 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.020 0.030
Silicon 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 1.00
Nickel — — 2.0/3.0 3.0/4.0 4.0/5.0 1.5/2.0 — 2.5/3.5 2.75/3.90 3.5/4.5
Chromium — — ————2.0/2.751.35/1.851.50/2.011.5/14.0
Molybdenum — — ———0.15/0.300.90/1.200.35/0.600.40/0.600.40/1.0
Specified Residual
Elements:
Vanadium 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 —
Copper 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Nickel 0.50 0.50 ————0.50 ———
Chromium 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 ————
Molybdenum 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 —————
Tungsten — — ————0.10 — 0.10 0.10
Total 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.70 0.70 0.50
residuals (maxi-
B
mum %)
A
For each 0.01 % of reduction in carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04 % manganese over the maximum specified will be permitted up to 1.40 %.
B
Total residuals includes phosphorus and sulfur.
A757/A757M – 00 (2004)
determined shall be reported to the purchaser or his represen- 6.4 Rounding—Chemical analysis results shall be rounded,
tative,andshallconformtotherequirementsspecifiedinTable in accordance with Practice E29, to the nearest unit in the last
right-hand place of values in the table of chemical require-
1 for the grade being poured.
ments.
6.2 Product Analysis—Aproduct analysis may be made by
the purchaser from material representing each heat, lot, or
7. Tensile Requirements
casting. The analysis shall be made on representative material.
Due to the possibility of decarburization, samples for carbon
7.1 One tension test shall be made from each heat. The
analysis shall be taken no closer than ⁄4 in. [6.4 mm] to a cast
mechanical properties thus determined shall conform to the
surface, except that castings too thin for this shall be analyzed
requirements specified in Table 3. The bar from which the
on representative material. When a product analysis is per-
tension specimen is machined shall be in accordance with
formed, the chemical composition thus determined may vary
Section 12.
from the specified limits in Table 1 by the amounts shown in
7.2 Tension test specimens shall be machined to the form
Table 2. When the analysis exceeds the permitted variance
and dimensions shown in Fig. 2 of Test Methods and Defini-
specifiedinTable2,thematerialshallbesubjecttorejectionby
tions A370 and tested in accordance with Test Methods and
the purchaser.
Definitions A370.
6.3 Referee Analysis—Test Methods E350 or E353 shall be
7.3 If a specimen is machined improperly or flaws are
used for referee purposes. Test Methods E30 or E38 shall be
revealed, the specimen may be discarded and another substi-
usedifTestMethodsE350orE353donotincludeamethodfor
tuted from the same heat.
some element present in the material. When a comparison is
7.4 Todetermineconformancewiththetensiontestrequire-
made between the heat analysis and the referee analysis, the
ments, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded
reproducibility data, R2, in the precision statement of Test
off in accordance with Practice E29 to the nearest 500 psi [5
Methods E350 or E353 shall be used as a guide.
MPa] for yield and tensile strengths and to the nearest 1% for
elongation and reduction of area.
TABLE 2 Product Analysis Tolerances
8. Impact Requirements
A B,C
Element Range, % Tolerances
8.1 Impact properties shall be determined on each heat by
Over Maximum or Under Minimum
testing a set of three Charpy V-notch specimens. The bar from
Limit, %
which the impact specimens are machined shall be prepared in
C upto0.65 0.03 3%C + 0.02
L
accordance with Section 12. The longitudinal axis of the
above 0.65 0.04
Mn up to 1 0.08 3%Mn + 0.01 Charpy specimens shall be parallel to the longitudinal axis of
L
above 1 0.09
the tensile bar. Testing shall be in accordance with Test
Si up to 0.60 0.22 3%Si − 0.01
L
Methods and DefinitionsA370 using the CharpyV-notchType
above 0.60 0.15
P all 0.13 3%P + 0.005
L A specimen.
S all 0.36 3%S + 0.001
L
8.2 Test temperature and absorbed energy requirements for
Ni up to 2 0.10 3%Ni + 0.03
L
above 2 0.25
the grade shall be as specified in Table 4, except for those
Cr up to 2 0.07 3%Cr + 0.04
L
grades that have no values specified, in which case, impact
above 2 0.18
energy values and test temperatures shall be agreed upon
Mo up to 0.6 0.04 3%Mo + 0.03
L
above 0.6 0.06
between the manufacturer and the purchaser. The average
V upto0.25 0.23 3%V + 0.004
L
energy value of three specimens shall not be less than the
above 0.25 0.06
minimum average specified, with only one value permitted
W upto0.10 0.08 3%W + 0.02
L
above 0.10 0.02 below the minimum average specified and this value not
Cu up to 0.15 0.18 3%Cu + 0.02
L
permitted to fall below the minimum specified for a single
above 0.15 0.05
specimen. Supplementary Requirement S8 may be specified if
A1 up to 0.10 0.08 3%Al + 0.02
L
above 0.10 0.03
lateral expansion or percent shear area, or both, are desired by
A
Therangedenotesthecompositionlimitsuptowhichtolerancesarecomputed the purchaser.
by the equation and above which the tolerances are given by a constant.
8.3 Impact properties shall also be determined on both the
B
The subscript L for the elements in each equation indicates that the limits of
heat-affected zone of the base metal and the weld metal of the
the element specified by the applicable specification are to be inserted into the
equation to calculate the tolerance for the upper limit and the lower limit (if
welding procedure qualification test. Test temperature, energy
applicable), respectively. Examples of computing tolerances are presented in the
absorption,specimentype,andtestmethodshallbethesameas
Footnote C below.
C
Toillustrate,considerthemanganeselimits0.50to0.80 %ofE 1Q.According specified for the base material.
to Table 4, the maximum permissible deviation of a product analysis below the
8.3.1 Coupons Representing the Weld Deposits—Impact
lower limit 0.50 is 0.05 % = (0.08 3 0.50 + 0.01). The lowest acceptable product
analysis of E 1Q, therefore, is 0.45 %. Similarly, the maximum permissible specimens shall be located so that the longitudinal axis of the
deviation above the upper limit of 0.80 % is 0.074 % = (0.08 3 0.80 + 0.01). The
specimen is at least one fourth of the thickness of the weld test
highest acceptable product analysis of E 1Q, therefore, is 0.874 %. ForA 2Q, the
plate, t, from the surface of the test assembly and is transverse
maximum manganese content is 1.40 % if the carbon content is 0.20 % or lower.
In this case, the highest acceptable product analysis is 1.49 % = (1.40 + 0.09). to the longitudinal axis of the weld with the area of the notch
A757/A757M – 00 (2004)
TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements
A,B C
Grade Heat Treatment Tensile Strength, min, ksi Yield Strength Elo
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A 757/A 757M – 00 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Specification for
Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-
Containing and Other Applications, for Low-Temperature
Service
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationA757/A757M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers carbon and alloy steel castings for pressure-containing and other applications intended primarily
for petroleum and gas pipelines in areas subject to low-ambient temperatures. Castings shall be heat treated by normalizing and
temperingorliquidquenchingandtempering.Allclassesareweldableunderproperconditions.Hardenabilityofsomegradesmay
limit usable section size.
1.2 Thevaluesstatedineitherinch-poundunitsorSIunitsaretoberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Withinthetext,theSIunits
are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to Specification A757 and SI units for material ordered to Specification
A757M.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
A703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
A919 Terminology Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron
E38 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Chromium and Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
E125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indications on Ferrous Castings
E142 Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic Testing
E165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination
E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2-in. [51 to 114-mm]) Steel Castings
E208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels
E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 ⁄2 to 12-in. [114 to 305-mm]) Steel Castings
E350 TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofCarbonSteel,Low-AlloySteel,SiliconElectricalSteel,IngotIron,andWrought
Iron
E353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron
Alloys
E390 Reference Radiographs for Steel Fusion Welds
E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings up to 2 in. [51 mm] in Thickness
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeA01onSteel,StainlessSteel,andRelatedAlloysandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeA01.18
on Castings.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as A757/A757M–00.
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 757/A 757M – 00 (2004)
2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers:
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
2.3 Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry Standards:
MSS SP-53 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Dry Powder
Magnetic Particle Inspection Method)
MSS SP-54 Quality Standard for Steel Casting for Valves, Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Radiographic
Inspection Method)
MSS SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Visual
Method)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions in Test Methods and Definitions A370 and Terminology A919 are applicable to this specification.
3.1.2 Definition of nominal thickness, T, applies to quenched and tempered castings with a thickness exceeding 2 in. [50 mm].
Nominal thickness, T, is the maximum thickness of the pressure-containing wall of the casting exclusive of padding added for
directional solidification, flanges, appendages, and sections designated by the designer as noncritical.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material to this specification should include the following, as required, to describe the material adequately:
4.1.1 Descriptionofthecastingbypatternnumberordrawing(dimensionaltolerancesshallbeincludedonthecastingdrawing),
4.1.2 Grade,
4.1.3 Options in the specification,
4.1.4 Detailed drawing, including areas that are suitable for marking, the proposed nondestructive testing techniques and areas
to be so tested, and the test dimension, T (see 3.1.2), and
4.1.5 Supplementary requirements desired, if any, including standards of acceptance.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Melting Process—The steel shall be made by the electric furnace process or other primary processes approved by the
purchaser. The primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting.
5.2 Heat Treatment:
5.2.1 Allcastingsshallbeheattreatedbyeithernormalizingandtemperingorquenchingandtempering.Temperingtemperature
shall be 1100°F [595°C] minimum, except grades B4N and B4Q, which shall be tempered at 1050°F [565°C] minimum.
5.2.2 E3N castings shall be heat treated by heating to 1850°F [1010°C] minimum, and air cooling to 200°F [95°C] maximum
beforeanyoptionalintermediatetemper,butshallcoolto100°F[40°C]maximumbeforethefinaltemper,whichshallbebetween
1050 and 1150°F [565 and 620°C].
5.2.3 Furnace temperatures for heat treating shall be controlled by pyrometers.
5.2.4 Castings shall be allowed to cool below the transformation range directly after pouring and solidification before they are
reheated for normalizing or liquid quenching.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements
specifiedinTable1.Theanalysisshallbemadefromatestsamplepreferablytakenduringthepouringoftheheat.Whendrillings
are used, they shall be taken not less than ⁄4 in. [6.4 mm] beneath the surface. The chemical composition thus determined shall
be reported to the purchaser or his representative, and shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1 for the grade being
poured.
6.2 Product Analysis—Aproduct analysis may be made by the purchaser from material representing each heat, lot, or casting.
The analysis shall be made on representative material. Due to the possibility of decarburization, samples for carbon analysis shall
be taken no closer than ⁄4 in. [6.4 mm] to a cast surface, except that castings too thin for this shall be analyzed on representative
material. When a product analysis is performed, the chemical composition thus determined may vary from the specified limits in
Table1bytheamountsshowninTable2.WhentheanalysisexceedsthepermittedvariancespecifiedinTable2,thematerialshall
be subject to rejection by the purchaser.
6.3 Referee Analysis—TestMethodsE350orE353shallbeusedforrefereepurposes.TestMethodsE30orE38shallbeused
if Test Methods E350 or E353 do not include a method for some element present in the material. When a comparison is made
between the heat analysis and the referee analysis, the reproducibility data, R2, in the precision statement of Test Methods E350
or E353 shall be used as a guide.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.
Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602.
A 757/A 757M – 00 (2004)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Maximum Percent Unless Range is Given)
D1N1 D1Q1
Grade A1Q A2Q B2N B2Q B3N B3Q B4N B4Q C1Q D1N2 D1Q2 E1Q E2N, E2Q E3N
D1N3 D1Q3
Carbon- Nickel Nickel Martensitic
Nickel Chromium
1 1 1
Type Carbon Manga- 2 ⁄2 Nickel 3 ⁄2 Nickel 4 ⁄2 Nickel Chromium Chromium Chromium
Molybdenum Molybdenum
nese Molybdenum Molybdenum Nickel
A
Carbon 0.30 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.15 0.25 0.20 0.22 0.20 0.06
A
Manganese 1.00 1.20 0.50/0.80 0.50/0.80 0.50/0.80 1.20 0.40/0.80 0.50/0.80 0.40/0.70 1.00
Phosphorus 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.020 0.030
Sulfur 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.020 0.030
Silicon 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 1.00
Nickel — — 2.0/3.0 3.0/4.0 4.0/5.0 1.5/2.0 — 2.5/3.5 2.75/3.90 3.5/4.5
Chromium — — ————2.0/2.751.35/1.851.50/2.011.5/14.0
Molybdenum — — ———0.15/0.300.90/1.200.35/0.600.40/0.600.40/1.0
Specified Residual
Elements:
Vanadium 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 —
Copper 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Nickel 0.50 0.50 ————0.50 ———
Chromium 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 ————
Molybdenum 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 —————
Tungsten — — ————0.10 — 0.10 0.10
Total 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.70 0.70 0.50
residuals (maxi-
B
mum %)
A
For each 0.01 % of reduction in carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04 % manganese over the maximum specified will be permitted up to 1.40 %.
B
Total residuals includes phosphorus and sulfur.
TABLE 2 Product Analysis Tolerances
A B,C
Element Range, % Tolerances
Over Maximum or Under Minimum
Limit, %
C upto0.65 0.03 3%C + 0.02
L
above 0.65 0.04
Mn up to 1 0.08 3%Mn + 0.01
L
above 1 0.09
Si up to 0.60 0.22 3%Si − 0.01
L
above 0.60 0.15
P all 0.13 3%P + 0.005
L
S all 0.36 3%S + 0.001
L
Ni up to 2 0.10 3%Ni + 0.03
L
above 2 0.25
Cr up to 2 0.07 3%Cr + 0.04
L
above 2 0.18
Mo up to 0.6 0.04 3%Mo + 0.03
L
above 0.6 0.06
V upto0.25 0.23 3%V + 0.004
L
above 0.25 0.06
W upto0.10 0.08 3%W + 0.02
L
above 0.10 0.02
Cu up to 0.15 0.18 3%Cu + 0.02
L
above 0.15 0.05
A1 up to 0.10 0.08 3%Al + 0.02
L
above 0.10 0.03
A
Therangedenotesthecompositionlimitsuptowhichtolerancesarecomputed
by the equation and above which the tolerances are given by a constant.
B
The subscript L for the elements in each equation indicates that the limits of
the element specified by the applicable specification are to be inserted into the
equation to calculate the tolerance for the upper limit and the lower limit (if
applicable), respectively. Examples of computing tolerances are presented in the
Footnote C below.
C
Toillustrate,considerthemanganeselimits0.50to0.80 %ofE 1Q.According
to Table 4, the maximum permissible deviation of a product analysis below the
lower limit 0.50 is 0.05 % = (0.08 3 0.50 + 0.01). The lowest acceptable product
analysis of E 1Q, therefore, is 0.45 %. Similarly, the maximum permissible
deviation above the upper limit of 0.80 % is 0.074 % = (0.08 3 0.80 + 0.01). The
highest acceptable product analysis of E 1Q, therefore, is 0.874 %. ForA 2Q, the
maximum manganese content is 1.40 % if the carbon content is 0.20 % or lower.
In this case, the highest acceptable product analysis is 1.49 % = (1.40 + 0.09).
A 757/A 757M – 00 (2004)
6.4 Rounding—Chemical analysis results shall be rounded, in accordance with Practice E29, to the nearest unit in the last
right-hand place of values in the table of chemical requirements.
7. Tensile Requirements
7.1 Onetensiontestshallbemadefromeachheat.Themechanicalpropertiesthusdeterminedshallconformtotherequirements
specified in Table 3. The bar from which the tension specimen is machined shall be in accordance with Section 12.
7.2 Tension test specimens shall be machined to the form and dimensions shown in Fig. 2 of Test Methods and Definitions
A370 and tested in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.
7.3 If a specimen is machined improperly or flaws are revealed, the specimen may be discarded and another substituted from
the same heat.
7.4 To determine conformance with the tension test requirements, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded off
inaccordancewithPracticeE29tothenearest500psi[5MPa]foryieldandtensilestrengthsandtothenearest1%forelongation
and reduction of area.
8. Impact Requirements
8.1 ImpactpropertiesshallbedeterminedoneachheatbytestingasetofthreeCharpyV-notchspecimens.Thebarfromwhich
theimpactspecimensaremachinedshallbepreparedinaccordancewithSection12.ThelongitudinalaxisoftheCharpyspecimens
shall be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tensile bar.Testing shall be in accordance withTest Methods and DefinitionsA370
using the Charpy V-notch Type A specimen.
8.2 Test temperature and absorbed energy requirements for the grade shall be as specified in Table 4, except for those grades
that have no values specified, in which case, impact energy values and test temperatures shall be agreed upon between the
manufacturerandthepurchaser.Theaverageenergyvalueofthreespecimensshallnotbelessthantheminimumaveragespecified,
with only one value permitted below the minimum average specified and this value not permitted to fall below the minimum
specifiedforasinglespecimen.SupplementaryRequirementS8maybespecifiediflateralexpansionorpercentsheararea,orboth,
are desired by the purchaser.
8.3 Impact properties shall also be determined on both the heat-affected zone of the base metal and the weld metal of the
welding procedure qualification test. Test temperature, energy absorption, specimen type, and test method shall be the same as
specified for the base material.
8.3.1 Coupons Representing the Weld Deposits—Impactspecimensshallbelocatedsothatthelongitudinalaxisofthespecimen
is at least one fourth of the thickness of the weld test plate, t, from the surface of the test assembly and is transverse to the
longitudinal axis of the weld with the area of the notch located in the weld metal.The length of the notch of the Charpy specimen
shall be normal to the surface of the weld (see Fig. 1).
8.3.2 Coupons Representing the Heat-Aff
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