ASTM D4583-95(2019)

Standard Practice for Carbon Black—Calculation of Process Indexes From an Analysis of Process Control Data

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice will provide the following: (1) a statistical summary of individual production run data plotted on a control chart; (2) a statistical summary of data from multiple production runs; (3) a procedure to relate the average and variation of these data groups to specification limits, and (4) indexes for comparing different manufacturing units for projecting future capabilities or as historical reference.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers (1) a statistical procedure for analyzing the test data generated in the statistical process control of a carbon black manufacturing process; (2) a format for reporting process capability determined from the analysis of control chart data of an individual production run, and (3) a format for reporting process performance determined from the analysis of control chart data of an individual production run.  
1.2 This practice specifically applies to the analysis of pelleted carbon black samples taken during the manufacturing process prior to storage. This practice does not apply to shipment samples taken from hopper cars or other containers or packages.  
1.3 This practice is specifically designed to be used for those test methods given in Classification D1765 which specify target values. However, these techniques are applicable to other test methods on carbon black.  
1.4 This practice describes the calculation for two methods of determining capability factors from an analysis of process control data.  
1.4.1 Process capability (Cp) is a measurement of variation calculated from the process control chart data with the use of an estimated standard deviation (^σ) from the mean value of the moving range (R) chart. The calculation of the process capability (Cp and  Cpk) indexes can be used as historical information or to predict future performance of the process, but are only valid when the process is in a state of statistical control.  
1.4.2 Process performance (Pp) is a measurement of variation calculated from the process control chart data using sample standard deviation(s). The calculation of the process performance (Pp and Ppk) indexes are used for a historical reference of a process' performance and does not require a state of statistical control.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2019
• ICS: 83.040.20 - Rubber compounding ingredients
• Technical Committee: D24 - Carbon Black
• Drafting Committee: D24.61 - Carbon Black Sampling and Statistical Analysis

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4583 − 95 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Practice for
Carbon Black—Calculation of Process Indexes From an
1
Analysis of Process Control Data
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4583; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This practice covers (1) a statistical procedure for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
analyzing the test data generated in the statistical process
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
control of a carbon black manufacturing process; (2) a format
for reporting process capability determined from the analysis
2. Referenced Documents
of control chart data of an individual production run, and (3)a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
format for reporting process performance determined from the
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in
analysis of control chart data of an individual production run.
Rubber Products
1.2 This practice specifically applies to the analysis of
pelleted carbon black samples taken during the manufacturing
3. Terminology
process prior to storage. This practice does not apply to
,4
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
shipmentsamplestakenfromhoppercarsorothercontainersor
¯
3.1.1 average moving range ~R!—the arithmetic mean of n
packages.
¯
moving ranges, R5 R/n.
(
1.3 This practice is specifically designed to be used for
3.1.2 Cpk index—an index that indicates how well the
those test methods given in Classification D1765 which specify
common cause process variability is actually contained within
targetvalues.However,thesetechniquesareapplicabletoother
the specifications. (See 6.4.)
test methods on carbon black.
3.1.3 moving range (R)—the absolute difference between
1.4 This practice describes the calculation for two methods
consecutive, individual test values.
of determining capability factors from an analysis of process
3.1.4 Ppk index—indicates how well the common and
control data.
1.4.1 Process capability (Cp) is a measurement of variation special cause process variability is actually contained within
the specifications. (See 6.6.)
calculated from the process control chart data with the use of
an estimated standard deviation (σˆ) from the mean value of the
3.1.5 processcapabilityindex(Cp)—an index that compares
moving range (R) chart. The calculation of the process capa-
the magnitude of common cause process variability to the
bility (Cp and Cpk) indexes can be used as historical informa-
range of upper and lower specification limits (USL and LSL)
tion or to predict future performance of the process, but are
without regard to where the process is centered; Cp in-
only valid when the process is in a state of statistical control.
dex=(USL − LSL)/(6σˆ). (See 6.3.)
1.4.2 Process performance (Pp) is a measurement of varia-
3.1.6 process performance index(Pp)—an index that com-
tion calculated from the process control chart data using
pares the magnitude of common and special cause process
sample standard deviation(s). The calculation of the process
variability to the range of the upper and lower specification
performance (Pp and Ppk) indexes are used for a historical
limits (USL and LSL) without regard to where the process is
reference of a process’ performance and does not require a
centered; Pp index = (USL − LSL)/(6s). (See 6.5.)
state of statistical control.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
2
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon the ASTM website.
3
Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.61 on Carbon Black Manual on Presentation of Data and Control ChartAnalysis, STP15D,ASTM
Sampling and Statistical Analysis. International, 1976.
4
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally Ford Motor Company Manual on “Process Capability and Continuing Process
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4583 – 95 (2015). Control,” Publication No. 80-01-251. Available in packs of five from Ford Motor
DOI: 10.1520/D4583-95R19. Company, Statistical Methods Publications, P.O. Box 1000, Plymouth, MI 48170.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoho
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4583 − 95 (Reapproved 2015) D4583 − 95 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Practice for
Carbon Black—Calculation of Process Indexes From an
1
Analysis of Process Control Data
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4583; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers (1) a statistical procedure for analyzing the test data generated in the statistical process control of a
carbon black manufacturing process; (2) a format for reporting process capability determined from the analysis of control chart
data of an individual production run, and (3) a format for reporting process performance determined from the analysis of control
chart data of an individual production run.
1.2 This practice specifically applies to the analysis of pelleted carbon black samples taken during the manufacturing process
prior to storage. This practice does not apply to shipment samples taken from hopper cars or other containers or packages.
1.3 This practice is specifically designed to be used for those test methods given in Classification D1765 which specify target
values. However, these techniques are applicable to other test methods on carbon black.
1.4 This practice describes the calculation for two methods of determining capability factors from an analysis of process control
data.
1.4.1 Process capability (Cp) is a measurement of variation calculated from the process control chart data with the use of an
estimated standard deviation (σˆ) from the mean value of the moving range (R) chart. The calculation of the process capability (Cp
and Cpk) indexes can be used as historical information or to predict future performance of the process, but are only valid when
the process is in a state of statistical control.
1.4.2 Process performance (Pp) is a measurement of variation calculated from the process control chart data using sample
standard deviation(s). The calculation of the process performance (Pp and Ppk) indexes are used for a historical reference of a
process’ performance and does not require a state of statistical control.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products
3. Terminology
, 4
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
¯ ¯
3.1.1 average moving range ~R!—the arithmetic mean of n moving ranges, R5 R/n.
(
3.1.2 Cpk index—an index that indicates how well the common cause process variability is actually contained within the
specifications. (See 6.4.)
3.1.3 moving range (R)—the absolute difference between consecutive, individual test values.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.61 on Carbon Black Sampling
and Statistical Analysis.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015Nov. 1, 2019. Published February 2015December 2019. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20092015
as D4583 – 95 (2009).(2015). DOI: 10.1520/D4583-95R15.10.1520/D4583-95R19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis, STP 15D, ASTM International, 1976.
4
Ford Motor Company Manual on “Process Capability and Continuing Process Control,” Publication No. 80-01-251. Available in packs of five from Ford Motor
Company, Statistical Methods Publications, P.O. Box 1000, Plymouth, MI 48170.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4583 − 95 (2019)
3.1.4 Ppk index—indicates how well the common and special cause process variability is actually contained within the
specifications. (See 6.6.)
3.1.5 process capability index (Cp)—an index that compare
...