ASTM C1198-01

Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Sonic Resonance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method may be used for material development, characterization, design data generation, and quality control purposes. It is specifically appropriate for determining the modulus of advanced ceramics that are elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic.  
5.1.1 This test method is nondestructive in nature. Only minute stresses are applied to the specimen, thus minimizing the possibility of fracture.
5.1.2 The period of time during which measurement stress is applied and removed is of the order of hundreds of microseconds. With this test method it is feasible to perform measurements at high temperatures, where delayed elastic and creep effects would invalidate modulus measurements calculated from static loading.
This test method has advantages in certain respects over the use of static loading systems for measuring moduli in advanced ceramics. It is nondestructive in nature and can be used for specimens prepared for other tests. Specimens are subjected to minute strains; hence, the moduli are measured at or near the origin of the stress-strain curve with the minimum possibility of fracture. The period of time during which measurement stress is applied and removed is of the order of hundreds of microseconds. With this test method it is feasible to perform measurements at high temperatures, where delayed elastic and creep effects would invalidate modulus measurements calculated from static loading.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dynamic elastic properties of advanced ceramics. Specimens of these materials possess specific mechanical resonant frequencies that are determined by the elastic modulus, mass, and geometry of the test specimen. Therefore, the dynamic elastic properties of a material can be computed if the geometry, mass, and mechanical resonant frequencies of a suitable test specimen of that material can be measured. Dynamic Young's modulus is determined using the resonant frequency in the flexural mode of vibration. The dynamic shear modulus, or modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional resonant vibrations. Dynamic Young's modulus and dynamic shear modulus are used to compute Poisson's ratio.
1.2 This test method is specifically appropriate for advanced ceramics that are elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic  (1). Advanced ceramics of a composite character (particulate, whisker, or fiber reinforced) may be tested by this test method with the understanding that the character (volume fraction, size, morphology, distribution, orientation, elastic properties, and interfacial bonding) of the reinforcement in the test specimen will have a direct effect on the elastic properties. These reinforcement effects must be considered in interpreting the test results for composites. This test method is not satisfactory for specimens that have cracks or voids that are major discontinuities in the specimen. Neither is the test method satisfactory when these materials cannot be fabricated in a uniform rectangular or circular cross section.
1.3 A high-temperature furnace and cryogenic cabinet are described for measuring the dynamic elastic moduli as a function of temperature from -195 to 1200oC.
1.4 Modification of this test method for use in quality control is possible. A range of acceptable resonant frequencies is determined for a specimen with a particular geometry and mass. Any specimen with a frequency response falling outside this frequency range is rejected. The actual modulus of each specimen need not be determined as long as the limits of the selected frequency range are known to include the resonant frequency that the specimen must possess if its geometry and mass are within specified tolerances.
1.5 The procedures in this test method are, where possible, consistent with the procedures of Test Methods C623, C747, and C848. The tables of these test methods have been replaced by the actual formulas from the original references. With the advent of computers a...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-2001
• ICS: 81.060.30 - Advanced ceramics
• Technical Committee: C28 - Advanced Ceramics
• Drafting Committee: C28.01 - Mechanical Properties and Performance

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1198-96 - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Sonic Resonance
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Replaced By: ASTM C1198-08 - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Sonic Resonance
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1793-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1259-21 - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of Vibration
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1835-16(2023) - Standard Classification for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide (SiC-SiC) Composite Structures
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM F2393-12(2020) - Standard Specification for High-Purity Dense Magnesia Partially Stabilized Zirconia (Mg-PSZ) for Surgical Implant Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1674-23 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics with Engineered Porosity (Honeycomb Cellular Channels) at Ambient Temperatures
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1783-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E1875-20a - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio by Sonic Resonance
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E1876-22 - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio by Impulse Excitation of Vibration
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM F561-19 - Standard Practice for Retrieval and Analysis of Medical Devices, and Associated Tissues and Fluids
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM F603-12(2020) - Standard Specification for High-Purity Dense Aluminum Oxide for Medical Application
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1836-16(2023) - Standard Classification for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C 1198–01
Standard Test Method for
Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s
1
Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Sonic Resonance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mass.Any specimen with a frequency response falling outside
this frequency range is rejected. The actual modulus of each
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dy-
specimen need not be determined as long as the limits of the
namic elastic properties of advanced ceramics. Specimens of
selected frequency range are known to include the resonant
these materials possess specific mechanical resonant frequen-
frequency that the specimen must possess if its geometry and
cies that are determined by the elastic modulus, mass, and
mass are within specified tolerances.
geometry of the test specimen. Therefore, the dynamic elastic
1.5 The procedures in this test method are, where possible,
propertiesofamaterialcanbecomputedifthegeometry,mass,
consistent with the procedures of Test Methods C623, C747,
and mechanical resonant frequencies of a suitable test speci-
andC848.Thetablesofthesetestmethodshavebeenreplaced
men of that material can be measured. Dynamic Young’s
by the actual formulas from the original references. With the
modulus is determined using the resonant frequency in the
advent of computers and sophisticated hand calculators, the
flexural mode of vibration. The dynamic shear modulus, or
actual formulas can be easily used and provide greater accu-
modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional resonant vibra-
racy than factor tables.
tions. Dynamic Young’s modulus and dynamic shear modulus
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
are used to compute Poisson’s ratio.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
1.2 Thistestmethodisspecificallyappropriateforadvanced
2
only.
ceramics that are elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic (1).
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Advanced ceramics of a composite character (particulate,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
whisker, or fiber reinforced) may be tested by this test method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
with the understanding that the character (volume fraction,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
size, morphology, distribution, orientation, elastic properties,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and interfacial bonding) of the reinforcement in the test
specimen will have a direct effect on the elastic properties.
2. Referenced Documents
These reinforcement effects must be considered in interpreting
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the test results for composites. This test method is not
C372 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Por-
satisfactory for specimens that have cracks or voids that are
celain Enamel and Glaze Frits and Fired CeramicWhitew-
major discontinuities in the specimen. Neither is the test
3
are Products by the Dilatomer Method
method satisfactory when these materials cannot be fabricated
C623 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus,
in a uniform rectangular or circular cross section.
and Poisson’s Ratio for Glass and Glass-Ceramics by
1.3 A high-temperature furnace and cryogenic cabinet are
3
Resonance
described for measuring the dynamic elastic moduli as a
C747 Test Method for Moduli of Elasticity and Fundamen-
function of temperature from −195 to 1200°C.
talFrequenciesofCarbonandGraphiteMaterialsbySonic
1.4 Modification of this test method for use in quality
4
Resonance
control is possible.Arange of acceptable resonant frequencies
C848 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus,
is determined for a specimen with a particular geometry and
and Poisson’s Ratio for Ceramic Whitewares by Reso-
3
nance
4
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on C1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on
C1161 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced
Mechanical Properties and Performance.
Current edition approved April 10, 2001. Published June 2001. Originally
published as C1198–91. Last previous edition C1198–96.
2 3
The boldface numbers given in parentheses refer to a list of references at the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
4
end of the text. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
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