ASTM D5117-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dye Penetration of Solid Fiberglass Reinforced Pultruded Stock
Standard Test Method for Dye Penetration of Solid Fiberglass Reinforced Pultruded Stock
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful for establishing the integrity of composite rod. The presence of voids, cracks, and hollow fibers are considered detrimental to the structural integrity of the composite and causes reduced electrical resistance and increased current leakage.
5.2 A perfect composite would be flaw-free, and there would be no possibility of wicking. Composites of this type are virtually nonexistent, as there will typically be entrapped air in the resin developed during manufacturing, occasional hollow fibers, and occasional cracks due to thermal stresses.
5.3 This test method is intended to provide a tool for measuring the extent of wicking in a composite over very short lengths of material for comparative purposes. The presence of wicking over 1 in. (2.54 cm) lengths will not necessarily imply that the composite will perform unsatisfactorily for its intended end-use. Therefore, interpretation of test results shall be made carefully.
5.4 This test method was developed as a technique for estimating quality and consistency of pultruded rod and bar stock, which is a composite of resin and all-roving reinforcement. This test method will be useful for a manufacturer to determine whether any gross changes in quality have taken place due to process or raw material changes as the manufacturing process also affects the quality of the product.
5.5 Since the results of this test are so sensitive to sample size, penetrant type, penetrant used, viscosity, duration of test, and other factors, no attempt to arrive at or recommend development of a specification for these materials has been made. A specification shall be negotiated between supplier and end user and such specification shall be made with great care.
SCOPE
1.1 This dye-penetrant test method covers a means of evaluating solid fiberglass all-roving reinforced pultruded rod or bar stock for longitudinal wicking. There are generally three mechanisms that promote wicking such as delaminations, longitudinal continuous voids, or the presence of hollow fibers. Any or all of them will be operating at a given time.
Note 1: Occasionally the flaws listed above may be detected by this test, but other tests are usually required.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems has the potential to result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 10.3 and 10.6.
Note 2: There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5117 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Dye Penetration of Solid Fiberglass Reinforced Pultruded
1
Stock
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3918Terminology Relating to Reinforced Plastic Pul-
1.1 This dye-penetrant test method covers a means of
truded Products
evaluating solid fiberglass all-roving reinforced pultruded rod
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
orbarstockforlongitudinalwicking.Therearegenerallythree
mechanisms that promote wicking such as delaminations,
3. Terminology
longitudinalcontinuousvoids,orthepresenceofhollowfibers.
Any or all of them will be operating at a given time. 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of technical terms pertain-
ing to plastics used in this test method, seeTerminology D883.
NOTE 1—Occasionally the flaws listed above may be detected by this
test, but other tests are usually required.
3.2 For definitions of terms that appear in this standard
relating to reinforced plastic pultruded products, refer to
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Terminology D3918.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore,
3.3 For definitions of terms that appear in this standard
each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-
relating to quality and statistics, refer to Terminology E456.
ing values from the two systems has the potential to result in
3.4 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
nonconformance with the standard.
3.4.1 wicking—transmission of a gas or liquid due to pres-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sure differential or capillary action along fibers incorporated in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
a fiberglass reinforced pultruded product.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Summary of Test Method
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 All-roving pultruded rod stock is tested by placing the
For specific hazard statements, see 10.3 and 10.6.
specimen(s) on end into the dye penetrant to a specified depth
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
and observing the wicking action as spots, or dots, on the
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
opposite, dry face.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.2 The wicking action through the length of the specimen
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
is due to the capillary action of the penetrant through the open
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
pathways in the composite. These pathways are typically
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
occupied by air and are caused by continuous voids, cracks, or
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
hollow fibers, or all three, simultaneously.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 This test method is useful for establishing the integrity
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
of composite rod. The presence of voids, cracks, and hollow
fibers are considered detrimental to the structural integrity of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
the composite and causes reduced electrical resistance and
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermoset-
ting Plastics.
increased current leakage.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2017. Published January 2018. Originally
5.2 A perfect composite would be flaw-free, and there
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5117-09. DOI:
10.1520/D5117-17.
wouldbenopossibilityofwicking.Compositesofthistypeare
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
virtually nonexistent, as there will typically be entrapped air in
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
the resin developed during manufacturing, occasional hollow
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. fibers, and occasional cracks due to thermal stresses.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor D
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5117 − 09 D5117 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Dye Penetration of Solid Fiberglass Reinforced Pultruded
1
Stock
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This dye-penetrant test method covers a means of evaluating solid fiberglass all-roving reinforced pultruded rod or bar stock
for longitudinal wicking. There are generally three mechanisms that promote wicking, any or all of which maywicking such as
delaminations, longitudinal continuous voids, or the presence of hollow fibers. Any or all of them will be operating at a given time.
NOTE 1—The specimen’s cross-section may reflect delaminations, longitudinal continuous voids, or the presence of hollow fibers, or all three.
Occasionally these flaws Occasionally the flaws listed above may be detected by this test, but other tests are usually required.
1.2 The results of a wicking test are dependent on specimen type and size, penetrant type, time of exposure in the penetrant,
penetrant viscosity, etc. Any attempt to use a wicking test to establish specification criteria should be made with great care.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system mayare not benecessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may has the potential to result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 10.3 and 10.6.
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3918 Terminology Relating to Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products
E691E456 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodTerminology Relating
to Quality and Statistics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of technical terms pertaining to plastics used in this test method, see Terminology D883.
3.2 For definitions of terms that appear in this standard relating to reinforced plastic pultruded products, refer to Terminology
D3918.
3.3 For definitions of terms that appear in this standard relating to quality and statistics, refer to Terminology E456.
3.4 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermosetting
Plastics.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009Dec. 15, 2017. Published September 2009January 2018. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20032009
as D5117 - 03.D5117 - 09. DOI: 10.1520/D5117-09.10.1520/D5117-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5117 − 17
3.4.1 wicking—transmission of a gas or liquid due to pressure differential or capillary action along fibers incorporated in a
fiberglass reinforced pultruded product.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 All-roving pultruded rod stock is tested by placing the specimen(s) on end into the dye penetrant to a specified depth and
observing the wicking action as spots, or d
...
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