ASTM F2812-12
(Specification)Standard Specification for Goggle- and Spectacle-Type Eye Protectors for Selected Motor Sports
Standard Specification for Goggle- and Spectacle-Type Eye Protectors for Selected Motor Sports
ABSTRACT
This specification covers eye protectors, exclusive of helmet-mounted visors, designed for use by riders of motorcycles, mopeds, and snowmobiles for off road use that minimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexa as a result of impact and penetration by objects that may be kicked up from the road, track, trail, or snow surfaces and made airborne and, as such, likely to cause eye discomfort or injury. This specification does not address shield-type eye protectors such as are connected to, integral to, and/or supported by protective helmets. Protective eyewear offers protection only to the eyes and does not protect other parts of the head, face, or neck. Protectors are divided into two types, goggles or spectacles, depending on their design characteristics. This specification does not apply to prescription eyewear. It covers material classification, general requirements (materials of construction, cleanability, Construction, and finish and coatings), performance requirements, specimen preparation, test methods (optical tests, mechanical tests), cleaning, and product marking.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers eye protectors, exclusive of helmet-mounted visors, designed for use by riders of motorcycles, mopeds, and snowmobiles for off road use that minimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexa as a result of impact and penetration by objects that may be kicked up from the road, track, trail, or snow surfaces and made airborne and, as such, likely to cause eye discomfort or injury. This specification does not address shield-type eye protectors such as are connected to, integral to, and/or supported by protective helmets. Protective eyewear offers protection only to the eyes and does not protect other parts of the head, face, or neck.
1.2 Protectors are divided into two types, goggles or spectacles, depending on their design characteristics.
1.3 This specification does not apply to prescription eyewear. (Warning—Impact-resistant prescription spectacles that conform to the standard specifications of ANSI Z87.1 should be used if spectacles are to be worn under goggle-type eyewear as covered by this specification.)
1.4 In this specification, the use of the word “shall” indicates a mandatory requirement. The word “should” indicates a recommendation.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Metric units of measure in this specification are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). If a value for measurement as given in this specification is followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated is to be regarded as the requirement. A given equivalent value may be approximate.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:F2812 −12 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Goggle- and Spectacle-Type Eye Protectors for Selected
Motor Sports
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2812; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This specification covers eye protectors, exclusive of
helmet-mounted visors, designed for use by riders of
2. Referenced Documents
motorcycles, mopeds, and snowmobiles for off road use that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
minimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexa
D1003Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
as a result of impact and penetration by objects that may be
of Transparent Plastics
kicked up from the road, track, trail, or snow surfaces and
2.2 ANSI Standards:
made airborne and, as such, likely to cause eye discomfort or
ANSI Z80.3Ophthalmics—Nonprescription Sunglasses and
injury. This specification does not address shield-type eye
Fashion Eyewear—Requirements
protectors such as are connected to, integral to, and/or sup-
ANSI Z87.1Occupational and Educational Eye and Face
portedbyprotectivehelmets.Protectiveeyewearoffersprotec-
Protection Devices
tion only to the eyes and does not protect other parts of the
2.3 CEN Standard:
head, face, or neck.
EN 168Personal Eye Protection—Non-Optical Test Meth-
1.2 Protectors are divided into two types, goggles or
ods
spectacles, depending on their design characteristics.
3. Terminology
1.3 This specification does not apply to prescription eye-
wear. (Warning—Impact-resistant prescription spectacles that 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
conform to the standard specifications of ANSI Z87.1 should 3.1.1 astigmatism, n—condition in a lens that creates two
beusedifspectaclesaretobewornundergoggle-typeeyewear axially separated line foci of each object point, the lines being
mutually perpendicular.
as covered by this specification.)
3.1.1.1 Discussion—In other words, the lens has two differ-
1.4 In this specification, the use of the word “shall” indi-
ent refractive powers in meridians that are 90° apart.
cates a mandatory requirement. The word “should” indicates a
3.1.2 base-down, adv—refers to the type of prism that
recommendation.
causesahorizontalbeamoflighttobenddowncausingobjects
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
to appear higher than their true position.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
3.1.3 base-in, adv—relating to the type of prism imbalance
information only. Metric units of measure in this specification
that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through a
are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI).
protector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to con-
If a value for measurement as given in this specification is
verge.
followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated
3.1.4 base-out, adv—relatingtothetypeofprismimbalance
is to be regarded as the requirement.Agiven equivalent value
that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through a
may be approximate.
protector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to di-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
verge.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports the ASTM website.
EquipmentandFacilitiesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF08.57on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Eye Safety for Sports. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. DOI: 10.1520/ Available from the European Committee for Standardization, Avenue Marnix
F2812-12. 17, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2812−12
3.1.5 base-up, adv—refers to the type of prism that causes a 3.1.21 power imbalance, n—relates to the condition in
horizontal beam of light to bend upward causing objects to which the refractive power of the lens or lenses of a protector
appear lower than their true position. is different as presented to the two eyes.
3.1.22 prism, prismatic effect, n—prism bends a beam of
3.1.6 binocular, adv—relating to the field of view that is
lightasaresultofthelackofparallelismofthetwosurfacesof
shared by both eyes simultaneously; also, any simultaneous
a lens through which the beam of light traverses and the
activity of the two eyes.
amount of bending is a function of the curvatures, thickness,
3.1.7 central viewing zone, n—that part of the eye of a
indexofrefractionofthematerial,andtheangleofapproachof
protector that has its center in line with the wearer’s normal
the line of sight to the optical surface.
line of sight.
3.1.22.1 Discussion—In this specification, the word prism
3.1.7.1 Discussion—The zone is circular and 40 mm in
refers to the amount of bending that is imposed upon the line
diameter. The center of the central viewing zone shall be the
ofsightofawearerofaneyeprotectorforthestandardviewing
point of intersection of the line of sight with the lens as
position. Prism is expressed in diopters. The deviation of the
mounted on the EN head form per the current EN 168.
line of sight by 1 cm/m is 1 prism diopter.
3.1.8 cleanable, adv—ability of an EPD to be made readily
3.1.23 refractive power, n—focusing effect of a lens ex-
free of dirt or grime without being damaged with a cleaning
pressed in diopters.
process, such as the use of soap and water.
3.1.24 spherical power, n—averageofthemaximummeridi-
3.1.9 coverage, n—characteristicofaneyeprotectivedevice
onal astigmatic power and the minimum meridional astigmatic
(EPD)thatobstructsstraightlinepathsthatarecoincidentwith
power of a lens.
the wearer’s eyes.
3.1.25 test head form, n—for the purpose of this
3.1.10 eye, n—relatingtotheeyeofatestheadform,theeye
specification, the reference head forms shall be to EN 168.
ofapersonwearingaprotector,orthatpartofanEPDthrough
3.1.25.1 Discussion—The two head forms are medium size,
which a wearer’s eye would normally look.
which approximates a 50th percentile adult male, and small
size, which approximates a 60th percentile 12-year-old child,
3.1.11 eye of the head form, n—all structures contained
and both should be of the polyurethane-covered version.
within the orbital rim of the head form.
3.1.26 vertical imbalance, n—difference in prismatic devia-
3.1.12 eye protective device (or protector), n—device that
tionbetweenparallellightbeamsincidentonthetwoeyesofan
providesprotectiontothewearer’seyeagainstspecifichazards
EPD in the vertical meridian.
encountered in selected motor sports.
3.1.13 fracture, n—separation, as a result of impact, of a 4. Classification
lens or frame into two or more separate pieces.
4.1 Eye protectors as covered under this specification are
classified into the following types:
3.1.14 haze, n—fraction of the total transmitted light from a
normal incident beam that is not transmitted in a focused 4.1.1 Spectacle—A protector with a lens or lenses, sup-
ported by frame temples or straps or both, that does not form
condition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects.
a tight seal with the face over most of the perimeter of the
3.1.14.1 Discussion—Excessive haze will reduce contrast
protector.
and visibility.
4.1.2 Goggle—A protector with a lens or lenses, supported
3.1.15 horizontal imbalance, n—difference in the prismatic
by frame temples or straps or both, that forms a seal with the
deviationofincidentparallellightbeamsonthetwoeyesofan
face over most of the perimeter of the protector.
EPD in the horizontal meridian (see base-in and base-out).
5. General Requirements
3.1.16 impact resistance, n—ability of an EPD to afford
protection from impact as required by this specification.
5.1 Materials of Construction:
5.1.1 The manufacturer’s choice of material shall be in
3.1.17 lens, n—transparent part or parts of a EPD through
accordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3.
which the wearer normally looks through.
5.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face
3.1.18 luminous transmittance, n—luminous transmittance
shall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.
is a function of the spectral transmittance of the lens weighted
5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face
by the corresponding ordinates of the photopic luminous
shall not undergo significant change of hardness, loss of
efficiency distribution of the International Commission on
strength or flexibility, or other physical changes as a result of
Illumination (CIE) current standard colorimetric observer and
perspiration, oil, sunscreen lotion, or grease from the wearer’s
the spectral intensity of standard Illuminant C (see ANSI
skin and hair.
Z80.3, Paragraph 3.9.1).
5.1.4 Headbands shall be capable of holding the goggle
3.1.19 normal lines of sight, n—straight ahead horizontal
securely under normal operating conditions and be capable of
linesthatintersectthecenteroftheeyesoftheappropriatehead easy adjustment.
form.
5.2 Cleanability—EPDsshallbecapableofbeingcleanedto
3.1.20 penetration resistance, n—ability of a device to the degree that, when cleaned in accordance with the method
afford protection from moving objects as required by this described in Section 10, they shall remain functional in all
specification. ways.
F2812−12
5.3 Construction—The protector shall be constructed in (3)When tested in accordance with 9.1.1, any displace-
such a manner as to prevent components of the protector from ment or dislodgment of the lens from its original position
contact with the eyes of the head form, detachment, or within the frame of over 25 % constitutes failure.
dislodgment when tested in accordance with Section 9. (4)A protector that is dislodged from the test head form
when tested in accordance with 9.1.1 shall not constitute a
5.4 Finish and Coatings—Finishes and coatings as used on
failure provided all of the above mechanical requirements are
the protector shall not delaminate from the base surface of the
met.
protector such that they dislodge, detach, or delaminate when
6.2.1.2 High-Mass Impact Resistance:
tested in accordance with Section 9.
(1) When tested in accordance with 9.2, displaced
fragments,separateddelaminations,orcompletefractureofthe
6. Performance Requirements
frameorlensesconstitutesafailure.Contactwiththeeyeofthe
6.1 Optical Requirements:
head form is permitted.
6.1.1 Refractive Tolerances—When tested in accordance
(2)When tested in accordance with 9.2, any displacement
with 8.7, the refractive power in any meridian shall not exceed
or dislodgment of the lens greater than 25 % from its original
0.12 diopters.
position within the frame constitutes failure.
6.1.2 Astigmatic Power—When tested in accordance with
(3)A protector that is dislodged from the test head form
8.7, the astigmatic power (absolute power difference in ex-
whentestedinaccordancewith9.2shallnotconstituteafailure
treme meridians) shall not exceed 0.12 diopters.
provided all of the above mechanical requirements are met.
6.1.3 Power Imbalance—When tested in accordance with
6.3 UV Stability—Protectors (one group) shall be condi-
8.7, the power imbalances in corresponding meridians of
tioned in accord with 9.4. Conditioned samples shall be tested
extreme power shall not exceed 0.12 diopters between each
for optical and mechanical performance characteristics in
eye.
accordance with 6.1.5 and 6.1.6 within 1.0 h of leaving the
6.1.4 Prismatic Power—When tested in accord with 8.6,
conditioning atmosphere.
prismatic power shall not exceed 0.50 ∆.
6.4 Flammability—When tested in accord with 9.3, the
6.1.5 Prismatic Imbalance—When tested in accord with
protector shall not ignite.
8.6, prismatic imbalance shall not exceed 0.25-∆ base-in or
vertical and 0.75-∆ base-out.
7. Specimen Preparation
6.1.6 Ultraviolet Transmittance—Ultraviolet A (UVA) and
ultraviolet B (UVB) transmittance of lenses shall comply with
7.1 Only new and complete eye protectors as offered for
ANSI Z80.3 for both clear and non clear protectors when
sale shall be tested.
measured at any point within the central viewing zone.
7.2 Preconditioning—Protectors shall be preconditioned at
6.1.7 Haze—When tested in accordance with 8.3, forward
23 6 2°C and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for a minimum
scattered light (haze) shall not exceed 3 % for both clear and
period of 48 h before the commencement of any test or further
tintedprotectorswhenmeasuredatanypointwithinthecentral
temperature preconditioning.
viewing zone.
6.1.8 Optical Quality—When tested in accordance with 8.2,
7.3 Conditioning—Protectors shall be conditioned for a
striaewarpage,surfaceripples,lenticulations,orabruptoptical
minimum of 1 h (each group of 16) at the following specified
changes that are discernible under the test conditions of 8.2.1
temperatures before each test. Protectors shall be tested for
shall constitute a failure.
mechanical performance characteristics within 1 min of leav-
6.1.9 Surface and Internal Defects—Pits, scratches,
ing the test atmosphere.
bubbles, grayness, specks, cracks, and watermarks that are
7.3.1 Standard, +23.0 6 2.0°C.
discernible under the test conditions of 8.2.1 shall constitute a
7.3.2 Cold, –10.0 6 2.0°C.
failure.
7.3.3 Hot, +50.0 6 2.0°C.
6.2 Mechanical Requirements:
TEST METHODS
6.2.1 Impact Resistance:
6.2.1.1 High-Velocity Impact Resistance:
8. Optical Tests
(1)Whentestedinaccordancewith9.1,at45m/s(148ft/s)
at cold and hot temperatures, displaced fragments, separated 8.1 Inspection Procedure—A high-contrast grid pattern of
delaminations, rupture, or complete fracture of the frame or darkandwhitelinesshallbeviewedthroughthelens,scanning
lensesconstitutesafailure.Nocontactwiththeeyeofthehead it area by area and moving it about.The grid pattern should be
form shall be permitted by the test projectile, the protector, or at least 46 by 46 cm (18 by 18 in.) and constructed of
its component parts as a result of the impact. high-contrast black lines on a white background (the white
(2)Whenteste
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