ASTM D2624-07a
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The ability of a fuel to dissipate charge that has been generated during pumping and filtering operations is controlled by its electrical conductivity, which depends upon its content of ion species. If the conductivity is sufficiently high, charges dissipate fast enough to prevent their accumulation and dangerously high potentials in a receiving tank are avoided.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the electrical conductivity of aviation and distillate fuels with and without a static dissipator additive. The test methods normally give a measurement of the conductivity when the fuel is uncharged, that is, electrically at rest (known as the rest conductivity).
1.2 Two test methods are available for field tests of fuel conductivity. These are: (1) portable meters for the direct measurement in tanks or the field or laboratory measurement of fuel samples, and (2) in-line meters for the continuous measurement of fuel conductivities in a fuel distribution system. In using portable meters, care must be taken in allowing the relaxation of residual electrical charges before measurement and in preventing fuel contamination.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 7.1, 7.1.1, and 11.2.1.
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An American National Standard
Designation: D2624 – 07a
Designation: 274/99
Standard Test Methods for
1
Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2624; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
D4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid
electrical conductivity of aviation and distillate fuels with and
Hydrocarbons by Precision Meter
without a static dissipator additive. The test methods normally
give a measurement of the conductivity when the fuel is
3. Terminology
uncharged, that is, electrically at rest (known as the rest
3.1 Definitions:
conductivity).
3.1.1 picosiemens per metre, n—the unit of electrical con-
1.2 Two test methods are available for field tests of fuel
ductivity is also called a conductivity unit (CU). A siemen is
conductivity. These are: (1) portable meters for the direct
the SI definition of reciprocal ohm sometimes called mho.
measurementintanksorthefieldorlaboratorymeasurementof
212 21 21
fuel samples, and (2) in-line meters for the continuous mea-
1pS/m 51 310 V m 51cu 51picomho/m (1)
surementoffuelconductivitiesinafueldistributionsystem.In
3.1.2 rest conductivity, n—thereciprocaloftheresistivityof
using portable meters, care must be taken in allowing the
uncharged fuel in the absence of ionic depletion or polariza-
relaxation of residual electrical charges before measurement
tion.
and in preventing fuel contamination.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—It is the electrical conductivity at the
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
initial instant of current measurement after a dc voltage is
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
impressed between electrodes, or a measure of the average
standard.
current when an alternating current (ac) voltage is impressed.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Methods
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Avoltageisappliedacrosstwoelectrodesinthefueland
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the resulting current expressed as a conductivity value. With
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
portable meters, the current measurement is made almost
precautionary statements, see 7.1, 7.1.1, and 11.2.1.
instantaneously upon application of the voltage to avoid errors
duetoiondepletion.Iondepletionorpolarizationiseliminated
2. Referenced Documents
in dynamic monitoring systems by continuous replacement of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
thesampleinthemeasuringcell,orbytheuseofanalternating
voltage. The procedure, with the correct selection of electrode
1
size and current measurement apparatus, can be used to
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of Subcommit-
measure conductivities from 1 pS/m or greater. The commer-
tee D02.J0.04 on Additives and Electrical Properties.
cially available equipment referred to in these methods covers
In the IP, these test methods are under the jurisdiction of the Standardization
aconductivityrangeupto2000pS/mwithgoodprecision(see
Committee.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally Section 12), although some meters can only read to 500 or
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2624–07. DOI:
1000 pS/m.
10.1520/D2624-07A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2624 – 07a
4.1.1 The EMCEE Model 1152 Meter is available with 8.1.1 If the cell is in contact with water and the instrument
expandedrangesbuttheprecisionoftheextendedrangemeters isswitchedon,animmediateoffscalereadingwillbeobtained.
has not been determined. If it is necessary to measure conduc- Ifthecellhasbeenincontactwithwater,itshallbethoroughly
tivities below 1 pS/m, f
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D2624–07 Designation: D 2624 – 07a
Designation: 274/99
Standard Test Methods for
1
Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2624; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the electrical conductivity of aviation and distillate fuels with and without
a static dissipator additive. The test methods normally give a measurement of the conductivity when the fuel is uncharged, that
is, electrically at rest (known as the rest conductivity).
1.2 Twotestmethodsareavailableforfieldtestsoffuelconductivity.Theseare:(1)portablemetersforthedirectmeasurement
in tanks or the field or laboratory measurement of fuel samples, and (2) in-line meters for the continuous measurement of fuel
conductivities in a fuel distribution system. In using portable meters, care must be taken in allowing the relaxation of residual
electrical charges before measurement and in preventing fuel contamination.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 7.1, 7.1.1, and 11.2.1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision Meter
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 picosiemens per metre, n—the unit of electrical conductivity is also called a conductivity unit (CU). A siemen is the SI
definition of reciprocal ohm sometimes called mho.
212 21 21
1pS/m 51 310 V m 51cu 51picomho/m (1)
3.1.2 rest conductivity, n—the reciprocal of the resistivity of uncharged fuel in the absence of ionic depletion or polarization.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—It is the electrical conductivity at the initial instant of current measurement after a dc voltage is impressed
between electrodes, or a measure of the average current when an alternating current (ac) voltage is impressed.
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 A voltage is applied across two electrodes in the fuel and the resulting current expressed as a conductivity value. With
portable meters, the current measurement is made almost instantaneously upon application of the voltage to avoid errors due to
iondepletion.Iondepletionorpolarizationiseliminatedindynamicmonitoringsystemsbycontinuousreplacementofthesample
inthemeasuringcell,orbytheuseofanalternatingvoltage.Theprocedure,withthecorrectselectionofelectrodesizeandcurrent
measurement apparatus, can be used to measure conductivities from 1 pS/m or greater. The commercially available equipment
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.J0.04 on Additives and Electrical Properties.
In the IP, these test methods are under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
Current edition approved JulyDec. 1, 2007. Published July 2007.January 2008. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 20062007 as
D2624–06a.D2624–07.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 2624 – 07a
referred to in these methods covers a conductivity range up to 2000 pS/m with good precision (see Section 12), although some
meters can only read to 500 or 1000 pS/m.
4.1.1 The EMCEE Model 1152 Meter is available with expanded ranges but the precision o
...
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