ASTM C871-08

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, and Sodium Ions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
It has been demonstrated that chlorides, when deposited and concentrated on the surface of austenitic stainless steel, can contribute to external stress corrosion cracking (ESCC). Analysis for fluoride has been covered because Test Methods C 871 is the “source document” for other standards that require testing for leachable fluoride ions.
Testing has shown that, using the methodology of Test Method C 692, neither fluoride nor iodide nor bromide initiates ESCC in the manner that can be demonstrated with chloride. After being exposed to 1500 mg/kg fluoride for 60 days with no cracking, a change to 1500 mg/kg chloride resulted in cracking in 3 days, as required by the metal qualification procedure in Test Method C 692. Similar tests with iodide and bromide showed that these ions do not promote ESCC as does chloride.
Chlorides (and fluorides) can be constituents of the insulating material or of the environment, or both. Moisture in the insulation or from the environment can cause chlorides (and fluorides) to migrate through the insulation and concentrate at the hot stainless steel surface.
The presence of sodium and silicate ions in the insulation has been found to inhibit external stress corrosion cracking caused by chloride (and fluoride) ions, whether such ions come from the insulation itself or from external sources. Furthermore, if the ratio of sodium and silicate ions to chloride (and fluoride) ions is in a certain proportion in the insulation, external stress corrosion cracking as a result of the presence of chloride (and fluoride) in the insulation will be prevented or at least mitigated (see also Specification C 795).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover laboratory procedures for the determination of water-leachable chloride, fluoride, silicate, and sodium ions in thermal insulation materials in the parts per million range.  
1.2 Selection of one of the test methods listed for each of the ionic determinations required shall be made on the basis of laboratory capability and availability of the required equipment and appropriateness to the concentration of the ion in the extraction solution.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 29-Feb-2008
• ICS: 91.100.60 - Thermal and sound insulating materials
• Technical Committee: C16 - Thermal Insulation
• Drafting Committee: C16.31 - Chemical and Physical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C871-04 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, and Sodium Ions
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM C871-08a - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, and Sodium Ions
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C795-08(2023) - Standard Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C591-22 - Standard Specification for Unfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C692-13(2023) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Influence of Thermal Insulations on External Stress Corrosion Cracking Tendency of Austenitic Stainless Steel
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1617-19 - Standard Practice for Quantitative Accelerated Laboratory Evaluation of Extraction Solutions Containing Ions Leached from Thermal Insulation on Aqueous Corrosion of Metals
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C240-21 - Standard Test Methods for Testing Cellular Glass Insulation Block
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C552-22 - Standard Specification for Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C871-18(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, and Sodium Ions
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C534/C534M-23 - Standard Specification for Preformed Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Thermal Insulation in Sheet and Tubular Form
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1696-20 - Standard Guide for Industrial Thermal Insulation Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2008
• Referred By: ASTM G189-07(2021)e1 - Standard Guide for Laboratory Simulation of Corrosion Under Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C929-14(2019) - Standard Practice for Handling, Transporting, Shipping, Storage, Receiving, and Application of Thermal Insulation Materials For Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C871–08
Standard Test Methods for
Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for
1
Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, and Sodium Ions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C871; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope silicate, and sodium ions are performed on aliquots of the
filtered leachate solution.
1.1 These test methods cover laboratory procedures for the
3.2 Analysis for Chloride:
determination of water-leachable chloride, fluoride, silicate,
3.2.1 Amperometric-coulometric titration test method.
andsodiumionsinthermalinsulationmaterialsinthepartsper
3.2.2 Titrimetric test method. This method is no longer
million range.
recommended as requested byASTM International due to use
1.2 Selectionofoneofthetestmethodslistedforeachofthe
of a specific hazardous substance.
ionic determinations required shall be made on the basis of
3.2.3 Specific ion electrode test method.
laboratorycapabilityandavailabilityoftherequiredequipment
3.3 Analysis for Fluoride:
and appropriateness to the concentration of the ion in the
3.3.1 Specific ion electrode test method.
extraction solution.
3.3.2 SPADNS colorimetric test method.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.4 Analysis for Silicate:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.4.1 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry test method.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.4.2 Colorimetric test methods—AWWAMethods4500-Si
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D and 4500-Si E.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.5 Analysis for Sodium:
2. Referenced Documents 3.5.1 Flame photometric test method
2
Test Methods D1428.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.5.2 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry test method.
C692 Test Method for Evaluating the Influence ofThermal
3.5.3 Sodium Ion-Selective electrode.
Insulations on External Stress Corrosion Cracking Ten-
dency of Austenitic Stainless Steel
4. Significance and Use
C795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Con-
4.1 It has been demonstrated that chlorides, when deposited
tact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
andconcentratedonthesurfaceofausteniticstainlesssteel,can
D1428 Test Method for Sodium and Potassium in Water
5
3
contribute to external stress corrosion cracking (ESCC).
and Water-Formed Deposits by Flame Photometry
Analysis for fluoride has been covered because Test Methods
2.2 AWWA Standards:
4
C871isthe“sourcedocument”forotherstandardsthatrequire
4500-Si D Molybdosilicate Method for Silica
4
testing for leachable fluoride ions.
4500-Si E Heteropoly Blue Method for Silica
6
4.2 Testing has shown that, using the methodology of Test
3. Summary of Test Methods
MethodC692,neitherfluoridenoriodidenorbromideinitiates
ESCC in the manner that can be demonstrated with chloride.
3.1 Insulation specimens are leached for 30 min in boiling
After being exposed to 1500 mg/kg fluoride for 60 days with
water. Tests to determine quantitatively chloride, fluoride,
no cracking, a change to 1500 mg/kg chloride resulted in
cracking in 3 days, as required by the metal qualification
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on
procedure in Test Method C692. Similar tests with iodide and
Thermal Insulation and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on
bromide showed that these ions do not promote ESCC as does
Chemical and Physical Properties.
chloride.
Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originally
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C871–04.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5
the ASTM website. Dana, A. W., Jr., “Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Insulated Austenitic Stainless
3
Withdrawn. Steel,” ASTM Bulletin No. 225, October 1957, pp. 46–52.
4 6
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 17th Edition, InsulationMaterials,Testing,andApplications,ASTMSTP1030,ASTM,1990,
American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, 1989. pp. 688–698.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C871–08
4.3 Chlorides (and fluorides) can be constituents of the facingshallnotbeincluded.Itisrecommendedthatthinwafers
1 1
insulating material or of the environment, or both. Moisture in of material be cut
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C871–04 Designation:C871–08
Standard Test Methods for
Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for
1
Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, and Sodium Ions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C871; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover laboratory procedures for the determination of water-leachable chloride, fluoride, silicate, and
sodium ions in thermal insulation materials in the parts per million range.
1.2 Selection of one of the test methods listed for each of the ionic determinations required shall be made on the basis of
laboratorycapabilityandavailabilityoftherequiredequipmentandappropriatenesstotheconcentrationoftheionintheextraction
solution.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C692 Test Method for Evaluating the Influence of Thermal Insulations on the External Stress Corrosion Cracking Tendency
of Austenitic Stainless Steel
C795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
3
D1428 Test Methods for Sodium and Potassium in Water and Water-Formed Deposits by Flame Photometry
2.2 AWWA Standards:
4
4500-Si D Molybdosilicate Method for Silica
4
4500-Si E Heteropoly Blue Method for Silica
3. Summary of Test Methods
3.1 Insulation specimens are leached for 30 min in boiling water. Tests to determine quantitatively chloride, fluoride, silicate,
and sodium ions are performed on aliquots of the filtered leachate solution.
3.2 Analysis for Chloride:
3.2.1 Amperometric-coulometric titration test method.
3.2.2Titrimetric test method.
3.2.2 Titrimetric test method. This method is no longer recommended as requested by ASTM International due to use of a
specific hazardous substance.
3.2.3 Specific ion electrode test method.
3.3 Analysis for Fluoride:
3.3.1 Specific ion electrode test method.
3.3.2 SPADNS colorimetric test method.
3.4 Analysis for Silicate:
3.4.1 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry test method.
3.4.2 Colorimetric test methods—AWWA Methods4500-Si D and 4500-Si E.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical
and Physical Properties.
Current edition approved Sept.March 1, 2004.2008. Published September 2004.April 2008. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20002004 as
C871–95(2000).C871–04.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 17th Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, 1989.
3
Withdrawn.
4
Available from VWR Scientific, Box 39396, Denver, CO 80239.
4
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 17th Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, 1989.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C871–08
3.5 Analysis for Sodium:
3.5.1 Flame photometric test method
Test Methods D1428.
3.5.2 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry test method.
3.5.3Ross Sodium Ion-Sensitive electrode.
3.5.3 Sodium Ion-Selective electrode.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 It has been demonstrated that chlorides, when deposited and concentrated on the surface of austenitic stainless steel, can
5
contribute to external stress corrosion cracking (ESCC). Analysis for fluoride has been covered because Test Methods C871 is
the “source document” for other standards that require testing for leachable fluoride ions.
6
4.2 Testing has shown that, using the methodology of Test Method C692, neither fluoride nor iodide nor bromide initiates
ESCC in the manner that can be demonstrated with chloride. After being exposed to 1500 mg/kg fluoride for 60 days with no
cracking, a change to 1500 mg/k
...