ASTM C871-04
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, and Sodium Ions
Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, and Sodium Ions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
It has been demonstrated that chlorides, when deposited and concentrated on the surface of austenitic stainless steel, can contribute to external stress corrosion cracking (ESCC).5 Analysis for fluoride has been covered because Test Methods C 871 is the “source document” for other standards that require testing for leachable fluoride ions.
Testing6 has shown that, using the methodology of Test Method C 692, neither fluoride nor iodide nor bromide initiates ESCC in the manner that can be demonstrated with chloride. After being exposed to 1500 mg/kg fluoride for 60 days with no cracking, a change to 1500 mg/kg chloride resulted in cracking in 3 days, as required by the metal qualification procedure in Test Method C 692. Similar tests with iodide and bromide showed that these ions do not promote ESCC as does chloride.
Chlorides (and fluorides) can be constituents of the insulating material or of the environment, or both. Moisture in the insulation or from the environment can cause chlorides (and fluorides) to migrate through the insulation and concentrate at the hot stainless steel surface.
The presence of sodium and silicate ions in the insulation has been found to inhibit external stress corrosion cracking caused by chloride (and fluoride) ions, whether such ions come from the insulation itself or from external sources. Furthermore, if the ratio of sodium and silicate ions to chloride (and fluoride) ions is in a certain proportion in the insulation, external stress corrosion cracking as a result of the presence of chloride (and fluoride) in the insulation will be prevented or at least mitigated (see also Specification C 795).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover laboratory procedures for the determination of water-leachable chloride, fluoride, silicate, and sodium ions in thermal insulation materials in the parts per million range.
1.2 Selection of one of the test methods listed for each of the ionic determinations required shall be made on the basis of laboratory capability and availability of the required equipment and appropriateness to the concentration of the ion in the extraction solution.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:C871–04
Standard Test Methods for
Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for
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Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, and Sodium Ions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C871; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope silicate, and sodium ions are performed on aliquots of the
filtered leachate solution.
1.1 These test methods cover laboratory procedures for the
3.2 Analysis for Chloride:
determination of water-leachable chloride, fluoride, silicate,
3.2.1 Amperometric-coulometric titration test method.
andsodiumionsinthermalinsulationmaterialsinthepartsper
3.2.2 Titrimetric test method.
million range.
3.2.3 Specific ion electrode test method.
1.2 Selectionofoneofthetestmethodslistedforeachofthe
3.3 Analysis for Fluoride:
ionic determinations required shall be made on the basis of
3.3.1 Specific ion electrode test method.
laboratorycapabilityandavailabilityoftherequiredequipment
3.3.2 SPADNS colorimetric test method.
and appropriateness to the concentration of the ion in the
3.4 Analysis for Silicate:
extraction solution.
3.4.1 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry test method.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.4.2 Colorimetric test methods—AWWAMethods4500-Si
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D and 4500-Si E.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.5 Analysis for Sodium:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.5.1 Flame photometric test method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Test Methods D1428.
2. Referenced Documents
3.5.2 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry test method.
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3.5.3 Ross Sodium Ion-Sensitive electrode.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C692 Test Method for Evaluating the Influence ofThermal
4. Significance and Use
Insulations on the External Stress Corrosion Cracking
4.1 It has been demonstrated that chlorides, when deposited
Tendency of Austenitic Steel
andconcentratedonthesurfaceofausteniticstainlesssteel,can
C795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Con-
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contribute to external stress corrosion cracking (ESCC).
tact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
Analysis for fluoride has been covered because Test Methods
D1428 Test Methods for Sodium and Potassium in Water
C871isthe“sourcedocument”forotherstandardsthatrequire
and Water-Formed Deposits by Flame Photometry
testing for leachable fluoride ions.
2.2 AWWA Standards:
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3
4.2 Testing has shown that, using the methodology of Test
4500-Si D Molybdosilicate Method for Silica
3 MethodC692,neitherfluoridenoriodidenorbromideinitiates
4500-Si E Heteropoly Blue Method for Silica
ESCC in the manner that can be demonstrated with chloride.
3. Summary of Test Methods After being exposed to 1500 mg/kg fluoride for 60 days with
no cracking, a change to 1500 mg/kg chloride resulted in
3.1 Insulation specimens are leached for 30 min in boiling
cracking in 3 days, as required by the metal qualification
water. Tests to determine quantitatively chloride, fluoride,
procedure in Test Method C692. Similar tests with iodide and
bromide showed that these ions do not promote ESCC as does
chloride.
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on
4.3 Chlorides (and fluorides) can be constituents of the
Thermal Insulation and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on
insulating material or of the environment, or both. Moisture in
Chemical and Physical Properties.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published September 2004. Originally
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C871–95(2000).
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
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contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from VWR Scientific, Box 39396, Denver, CO 80239.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Dana, A. W., Jr., “Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Insulated Austenitic Stainless
the ASTM website. Steel,” ASTM Bulletin No. 225, October 1957, pp. 46–52.
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Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 17th Edition, InsulationMaterials,Testing,andApplications,ASTMSTP1030,ASTM,1990,
American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, 1989. pp. 688–698.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C871–04
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the insulation or from the environment can cause chlorides of material be cut between ⁄16 and ⁄8 in. (1.6 and 3.2 mm)
(and fluorides) t
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