ASTM D4366-16

Standard Test Methods for Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The pendulum damping test has been found to have good sensitivity in detecting differences in coating hardness, where hardness is defined as resistance to deformation.  
5.2 The two procedures given in these test methods embody the principle that the amplitude of oscillation of a pendulum touching a surface decreases more rapidly the softer the surface. However, these test methods differ in respect to pendulum dimensions, and period and amplitude of oscillation.  
5.3 In general, the damping time of the König pendulum is approximately half that of the Persoz pendulum.  
5.4 The Persoz pendulum has a greater degree of discrimination than the König for measuring the hardness of soft coatings, but it may not be as suitable for testing hard, slippery films because of its tendency to skid on surfaces with a low coefficient of friction.  
5.5 The interaction between the pendulum and the paint film is complex, depending on both elastic and viscoelastic properties, and it may not be possible to establish a precise relationship between the two types of pendulum tests.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the use of pendulum damping testers in the determination of hardness of organic coatings that have been applied to acceptably plane rigid surfaces, such as a metal or glass panel.  
1.2 Two test methods based on different pendulum types are covered as follows:  
1.2.1 Test Method A—König Pendulum Hardness Test.  
1.2.2 Test Method B—Persoz Pendulum Hardness Test.  
1.3 This standard is similar in content (but not technically equivalent) to ISO 1522.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2016
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.23 - Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4366 − 16
Standard Test Methods for
1
Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping Tests
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4366; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope 2.2 Other Standard:
ISO 1522 Paints and Varnishes Pendulum Damping Test
1.1 These test methods cover the use of pendulum damping
testersinthedeterminationofhardnessoforganiccoatingsthat
3. Terminology
have been applied to acceptably plane rigid surfaces, such as a
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
metal or glass panel.
3.1.1 König hardness, n—time in seconds for the swing
1.2 Two test methods based on different pendulum types are
amplitude of the König pendulum to decrease from 6 to 3°.
covered as follows:
3.1.2 Persoz hardness, n—time in seconds for the swing
1.2.1 Test Method A—König Pendulum Hardness Test.
amplitude of the Persoz pendulum to decrease from 12 to 4°.
1.2.2 Test Method B—Persoz Pendulum Hardness Test.
1.3 This standard is similar in content (but not technically
4. Summary of Test Methods
equivalent) to ISO 1522.
4.1 A pendulum resting on a coating surface is set into
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
oscillation (rocking) and the time for the oscillation amplitude
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
todecreasebyaspecifiedamountmeasured.Thedampingtime
standard.
is influenced by a combination of physical properties, amongst
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
hardness, elasticity, coefficient of friction and shore of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sample under test. The damping time decreases with the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
decrease of hardness or an increase of elasticity or coefficient
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of friction.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 The pendulum damping test has been found to have
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
good sensitivity in detecting differences in coating hardness,
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
where hardness is defined as resistance to deformation.
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
5.2 The two procedures given in these test methods embody
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
the principle that the amplitude of oscillation of a pendulum
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
touching a surface decreases more rapidly the softer the
D3891 Practice for Preparation of Glass Panels for Testing
surface. However, these test methods differ in respect to
Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products
pendulum dimensions, and period and amplitude of oscillation.
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
5.3 In general, the damping time of the König pendulum is
Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
approximately half that of the Persoz pendulum.
Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-
ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
5.4 The Persoz pendulum has a greater degree of discrimi-
nation than the König for measuring the hardness of soft
coatings, but it may not be as suitable for testing hard, slippery
1
films because of its tendency to skid on surfaces with a low
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
coefficient of friction.
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
5.5 Theinteractionbetweenthependulumandthepaintfilm
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published March 2017. Originally
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4366 – 14. DOI:
is complex, depending on both elastic and viscoelastic
10.1520/D4366-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4366 − 16
Legend to Figure 3:
A) Pendulum (Persoz)
B) Panel holders
FIG. 1 Apparatus Fully Automated Type
C) Test panel
D) Panel support
E) Scale
FIG. 3 Schematic Representation of a Pendu
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4366 − 14 D4366 − 16
Standard Test Methods for
1
Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping Tests
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4366; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the use of pendulum damping testers in the determination of hardness of organic coatings that have
been applied to acceptably plane rigid surfaces, such as a metal or glass panel.
1.2 Two test methods based on different pendulum types are covered as follows:
1.2.1 Test Method A—König Pendulum Hardness Test.
1.2.2 Test Method B—Persoz Pendulum Hardness Test.
1.3 This standard is similar in content (but not technically equivalent) to ISO 1522.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
D3891 Practice for Preparation of Glass Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products
D1186D7091 Test Methods Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied
to a Ferrous BaseFerrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals (Withdrawn
2006)
D1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to a
3
Nonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)
D3891 Practice for Preparation of Glass Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products
3
2.2 Other Standard:
ISO 1522 Paints and Varnishes Pendulum Damping Test
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 König hardness, n—time in seconds for the swing amplitude of the König pendulum to decrease from 6 to 3°.
3.1.2 Persoz hardness, n—time in seconds for the swing amplitude of the Persoz pendulum to decrease from 12 to 4°.
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 A pendulum resting on a coating surface is set into oscillation (rocking) and the time for the oscillation amplitude to decrease
by a specified amount measured. The shorter the damping time, the lower the hardness.damping time is influenced by a
combination of physical properties, amongst hardness, elasticity, coefficient of friction and shore of the sample under test. The
damping time decreases with the decrease of hardness or an increase of elasticity or coefficient of friction.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2014Dec. 1, 2016. Published October 2014March 2017. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 19952014 as
D4366 – 95 which was withdrawn February 2003 and reinstated in September 2014. DOI: 10.1520/D4366-14.14. DOI: 10.1520/D4366-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4366 − 16
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The pendulum damping test has been found to have good sensitivity in detecting differences in coating hardness, where
hardness is defined as resistance to deformation.
5.2 The two procedures given in these test methods embody the principle that the amplitude of oscillation of a pendulum
touching a surface decreases more rapidly the softer th
...